正常人足部动脉彩色多普勒血流显像及临床意义

目的 探讨应用彩色多普勒超声显像方法对正常人足部动脉的解剖结构进行无损伤检测的可行性。方法 应用彩色多普勒检测对正常32人64足的足背、跖背、跖底动脉行径、来源与口径进行探测。结果 64足中16只检测到足背动脉弓，出现率为25％，36足检测到第二跖背动脉，出现率为56．2％，37足检测到第二跖底动脉，出现率为57.8％；1例足背动脉缺如，占1．6％，其第一跖背动脉来源于腓动脉。59足检测到第一跖背动脉，出现率为92．2％，其中，顾玉东I型，占28．1％，Ⅱ型，占46．9％(30例)，6足为Ⅲs型，占9．4％，正常人足部动脉彩超结果表明，5足为Ⅵ型，占7．8％。结论 应用彩色多普勒超声显像的方法可以对足部动脉的解剖结构进行无损伤的检测；以足背动脉为共同血管蒂，第一、二跖背(底)为动脉蒂共干同时移植拇趾皮甲瓣和第二足趾(或二、三足趾)，扩大再造手的虎口，改进现有单足供趾再造手技术的方法是可行的。     

彩色多普勒仪检测足背动脉的临床意义

目的 应用彩色多普勒仪检测足背动脉及其分支的血流，为改进足部移植组织的切取提供依据。方法 对正常志愿者２５人５０只足，检测足背动脉及其分支的行径。对１６例足趾移植再造拇手指者，术前采用彩色多普勒仪检测足背及第一跖背动脉的情况，并和术中发现比较，结果 ５０只足足背动脉的解剖结构为：第一跖背动脉的出现率为９２％。第二跖背动脉的出现率为６６％，源自足底动脉的占４６％，源自状动脉的占２０％，第一趾足底总动     

急诊拇指再造的适应证分析

目的 探讨急诊不同类型拇指缺损再造的最佳适应证。方法 对20例拇指脱套伤和6例无再植条件的Ⅱ类拇指离断缺损的创面进行及时、正确的清创与抑菌处理，并采用以足背动脉一跖背动脉(顾玉东Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型者以足背动脉一第一跖背动脉一趾背动脉为动脉蒂，顾玉东Ⅳ型者以足背动脉一第一跖底动脉一趾背动脉为动脉蒂)一趾背动脉为动脉蒂，大隐静脉一足背静脉弓、趾背静脉为静脉蒂，游离躅趾皮甲瓣的方法行拇再造。结果26例患者的拇指均成活(1例末节皮缘局部坏死，经换药后完全成活)，创面一期愈合，平均随访6．5年，再造拇指功能优11例．良13例，可2例。结论 急诊拇指缺失，尤其是拇指脱套伤与不能再植的Ⅱ类拇指离断伤，采用游离（足母）趾皮甲瓣移植修复的方法是最佳选择。     

应用桡动脉逆转与趾底固有动脉吻合再造拇指5例

我院自2000年以来,利用第二足趾游离移植再造拇指,为保证再造指的成功,一般采用足背动脉与桡动脉吻合,大隐静脉与头静脉吻合,即使出现足背动脉缺如或GillbertIII型跖背动脉,一般也采用静脉移植桥接足背动脉与趾底动脉。本组对其中5例足背动脉缺如或Gillbert III型跖背动脉,采用     

吻合血管的双叶复合皮瓣瓦合修复手指套脱伤

目的 探讨手指皮肤套脱伤（或部分套脱伤）选用足部游离组织移植修复创面的新术式。方法 以第一跖背或跖底动脉、足背静脉、趾神经为蒂，切取躅趾腓侧皮瓣及第二趾背侧甲皮瓣（保留第二趾）的双叶复合皮瓣移植瓦合修复手指皮肤套脱伤。血管蒂与指总动脉、掌背静脉、指神经吻合。结果 术后6例皮瓣全部成活。随访时间为6～12个月，受区手指外形逼真，主动伸屈功能良好，两点分辨觉达5～7m。供足外形及功能正常。结论 以第一跖背或跖底动脉为蒂的躅趾腓侧皮瓣、第二趾背侧甲皮瓣双叶复合皮瓣游离移植修复手指套脱伤，是一种符合“生理性修复”的手术方法。     

一蒂双叶皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤软组织缺损

目的 报道应用一蒂双叶的跗趾腓侧皮瓣和第二趾胫侧皮瓣游离移植修复手指较大面积皮肤软组织缺损的临床效果. 方法 采用以第一跖背或跖底动脉、足背静脉为蒂的(足母)趾腓侧和第二趾胫侧双叶皮瓣对8例手指皮肤软组织缺损进行游离移植修复. 结果 术后8例双叶皮瓣全部成活,创面均一期愈合.经过6～18个月随访,皮瓣外形色泽质地满意,两点分辨觉为6～8 mm,手指屈伸活动良好. 结论 以第一跖背或跖底动脉、足背静脉为蒂的(足母)趾腓侧和第二趾胫侧双叶皮瓣游离移植修复手指皮肤软组织缺损,是一种符合"解剖性修复"的手术方法.     

半(足母)趾甲瓣移植修复手指末节缺损

目的 探讨半(足母)趾甲瓣移植再造手指末节效果.方法 通过对64例69指手指末节完全和部分缺损、末节皮肤撕脱、皮管术后整形、再植失败等采用以第一跖底、跖背或趾动脉为蒂切取部分趾甲连同趾腹皮瓣或部分趾甲修复,根据供足创面大小采用第一跖背、第二趾动脉、腓动脉穿支、跖底动脉皮瓣覆盖,观察术后手指及足部供区外形. 结果 经随访3个月～4年,手指指腹饱满有弹性,趾、指甲床间愈合好,再造甲襞形成的甲沟略浅,外形逼真,感觉均恢复,两点辨别觉4～5mm,供足趾丰满,似原趾外形,患者对再造手指和足趾外形均满意. 结论 半(足母)趾甲瓣是修复手指末节缺损的理想方法.     

拆分第二足趾修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损

目的 探讨第二足趾拆分、修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损的新术式及疗效.方法 从2006年12月到2011年12月间,对7例14个掌指关节缺损患者,设计应用以足背动脉-第一、二跖背动脉-趾背动脉为蒂的第二足趾,将其拆分成以足背动脉-第一跖背动脉-第二足趾胫侧趾背动脉为蒂的第二跖趾关节复合组织瓣及以足背动脉-第二跖背动脉-第二足趾腓侧趾背动脉为蒂的第二趾近侧趾间关节复合组织瓣,经过重建,保留复合组织瓣背侧半,同时修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损.结果 本组7例14个掌指关节,12个关节移植成功,2个关节因第一跖背动脉变异而放弃趾间关节组织瓣.全部病例得到随访,随访时间6～24个月,X线提示骨折愈合.按中华医学会手外科分会拇、手指再造功能评定试用标准,优良率为83.33％.结论 第二足趾拆分、重建同时修复两个相邻掌指关节背侧复合组织缺损临床可行,能有效改善损伤掌指关节的功能.     

Mu趾、第2足趾供血系统的彩超检测及临床应用

目的获得(足母)趾、第2趾供血系统彩超检查的资料,探讨临床应用价值.方法利用彩超对正常人100只足的足背动脉、第一跖背动脉、第一跖底动脉进行超声探测并给予分型,临床应用26例,证实其可靠性、实用性.结果足背动脉内径(2.00±0.44)mm,按其口径可分为粗大型、中间型、纤细型,出现率分别为46%、52%、1%;第一跖背动脉起始处距皮肤距离(9.12±3.10)mm,中点距皮肤距离(7.14±2.34)mm,中点处内径(1.17±0.36)mm,按第一背侧骨间肌的关系可分为浅表型、肌内型、肌下型,出现率分别为46%、45%、7%,按口径可分为粗大型、中间型、纤细型,出现率分别为15%、69%、4%;第一跖底动脉出现率为92%,口径与第一跖背动脉有互补关系.临床应用26例,术中探查情况与术前彩超检查完全吻合,对血管变异病例行相应处理,再造38指均成活.结论彩超对( )趾、第2趾供血系统的检查结果与解剖学资料相似,是准确、可信、可靠的,术前应用可对手术方案的制定、判断手术的难易程度、指导术中操作等有重要意义.     

单足供趾再造手技术改进的解剖学研究

目的 通过足的解剖，探索对利用第一跖背（底）动脉－Ｍｕ趾和第二足趾趾背动脉供血，移植Ｍｕ趾甲皮瓣和相邻足趾的单足供趾再造手技术改进的可能性和可行性。 方法 用乳胶行胫前动脉灌注，对６０只成年人足标本的血管进行解剖的测量。 结果 以足背动脉－第一、二跖背（底）动脉，第一、二趾背静脉－大隐静脉为蒂游离Ｍｕ趾甲皮瓣和相邻足趾时，静脉臂可展至６．５￣２２．３ｃｍ，动脉臂可展至１１．０￣２１．６ｃｍ。 结论     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

三角韧带损伤的手术治疗

[目的]探讨踝关节三角韧带损伤的手术治疗及效果。[方法]2002年4月-2005年4月治疗伴有三角韧带损伤的踝关节骨折40例，均采用切开复位和坚强内固定，并修复重建三角韧带，恢复踝关节内外侧结构的稳定性。下胫腓联合分离仍不稳定者，给予皮质骨螺钉横向内固定。[结果]全部病例得到16个月-3a随访，平均1．5a。按齐氏疗效评定标准：优良30例，可8例，差2例，优良率75％。[结论]强调踝关节骨折切开解剖复位，坚强内固定的同时，应充分重视修复重建三角韧带。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.