腱索转移与人工腱索在复杂二尖瓣前叶脱垂病变治疗中的应用

目的总结腱索转移和人工腱索技术在二尖瓣成形术中的临床应用经验,以提高临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年2月采用腱索转移和人工腱索技术治疗以二尖瓣前叶脱垂为主（均为退行性二尖瓣关闭不全）74例患者的临床资料,其中男34例,女40例,年龄22～64（48．00±6．40）岁。按手术方法不同将74例患者分为两组,腱索转移组（n=42）：行腱索转移术,采用后叶腱索转移至前叶的方法;人工腱索组（n=32）：行人工腱索术,采用的是线圈技术。术后观察围术期死亡、并发症发生情况和二尖瓣反流程度。随访期间行超声心动图观察左心室射血分数、左心室舒张期末内径、收缩期末内径等指标变化。结果腱索转移组和人工腱索组均无围手术期死亡,2例开胸止血,9例术后出现阵发性心房颤动,给予静脉滴注胺碘酮处理后好转。出院前复查心脏超声心动图提示：腱索转移组患者有少量反流5例,微量反流12例,未见明显反流25例。人工腱索组有少量反流6例,微量反流15例,未见明显反流11例。随访70例,随访率94．59％（70／74）。两组患者术后6个月左心室射血分数分别较出院前明显增加（腱索转移组：64．00％±4．20％VS．55．00％±5．10％;人工腱索组：63．00％±3．50％vs．56．00％±4．20％）,左心室舒张期末内径[腱索转移组：（47．00±2．20）mm vs ．（58．00±6．90）mm;人工腱索组：（45．00±3．80）mm vs．（57．00±5．10）mm]、收缩期末内径分别较术前明显缩小（P〈0．05）。腱索转移组术前、出院前、术后6个月左心室射血分数、左心室舒张期末内径、收缩期末内径与人工腱索组差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。腱索转移组术后14个月有1例患者因二尖瓣大量反流再次行二尖瓣置换术。人工腱索组有1例患者于术后6个月由于频繁出现血红蛋白尿再次行二尖瓣置换术。结论腱索转移和人工腱索技术均适合复杂二尖瓣前叶脱垂的处理,人工腱索技术适用范围更为广泛,腱索转移的技术要求更高,变化性较大。两种方法均有良好的近期效果,值得临床掌握和应用。     

基于微课的翻转课堂在心脏外科临床教学中的应用

翻转课堂和微课相结合的模式是当代教育的新型模式,该模式突出学生在教学过程中的主导意识,并具有内容整合化和时间精简化的特点。本篇文章将阐述如何更好的将微课和翻转课堂应用于心脏外科临床教学中,提高心脏外科临床医学生的临床实践能力。探索该新型教学模式在心脏外科教学中的最佳方式和最佳应用途径,最终达到提高临床医学生的实践能力和提高临床医学教育质量的目的。     

21例心肌梗死后室间隔穿孔的外科治疗

目的:探讨心肌梗死(MI)后室间隔穿孔患者的外科治疗方法。方法:2003年11月至2011年10月,21例AMI后室间隔穿孔行外科手术治疗,本研究回顾性分析全组围术期及中长期生存状况,比较手术前后心功能评级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)和舒张期末内径(LVEDD)。结果:全组围术期死亡2例(2/21)。随访(36±13)个月,死亡3例,全组5年生存率为(76.8±13.5)%。全组患者手术前射血分数为(45.1±9.1)%,术后6个月随访期,射血分数为(51.3±4.3)%,P<0.05。结论:心肌梗死(MI)合并室间隔穿孔手术治疗,可以取得较满意的围术期和中长期效果,并显著提高左心室射血分数。     

保留后瓣及瓣下结构的二尖瓣置换术临床分析

目的总结保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构二尖瓣置换术(MVR)的经验,评价其临床效果。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学北京安贞医院2006年1月至2011年3月行MVR患者1 035例的临床资料,其中男562例,女473例;年龄37～78(53.84±13.13)岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病712例,退行性瓣膜病323例;二尖瓣狭窄为主389例,二尖瓣关闭不全为主646例;均排除冠状动脉疾病。不保留后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR(不保留组)457例,保留后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR(保留组)578例,两组患者术前情况差异无统计学意义。分析比较两组患者手术后并发症、死亡率,以及左心室大小与功能。结果不保留组与保留组患者的死亡率(2.63%vs.1.21%,P=0.091)及并发症发生率(8.53%vs.7.44%,P=0.519)差异无统计学意义,但不保留组左心室破裂发生率高于保留组(1.09%vs.0.00%,P=0.012);术后6个月心脏超声心动图提示左心室舒张期末内径(LVEDD)较术前缩小,但两组差异无统计学意义;两组患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)均较术前提高,保留组中二尖瓣关闭不全为主患者的LVEF优于不保留组(56.00%±3.47%vs.53.00%±3.13%,P=0.000),两组二尖瓣狭窄为主的患者中LVEF差异无统计学意义(57.00%±5.58%vs.56.00%±4.79%,P=0.066)。结论保留二尖瓣后瓣及瓣下结构的MVR安全有效,可以减少术后左心室破裂的发生并改善术后心功能。     

肿瘤坏死因子-α在无细胞系统中对神经磷脂传导通路的激活

目前,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的信号传导机制尚不清楚。以往研究表明,神经磷脂酶反应产物神经鞘氨醇可能具有生物效应剂的性质,细胞可透性的鞘氨醇类似物可刺激人类白血病细胞(IIL-60)的单细胞分化和A431人类皮癌细胞中内皮生长因子受体(EGFR)669位苏氨酸的磷酸化。在HL-60细     

血浆脑钠肽与瓣膜置换术后心脏复跳的关系

目的 探讨血浆脑钠肽(BNP)的水平对瓣膜置换术后心脏复跳的预测效果.方法 收集83例行心脏瓣膜置换术患者病历资料进行回顾性分析,根据心脏是否自动复跳分为自动复跳组(32例)及电击复跳组(51例),比较2组术前血浆BNP水平,对心脏复跳的电击次数及血浆BNP水平进行相关回归分析.结果 自动复跳组和电击复跳组术前BNP分别为(226±130)和(628±411) ng/L,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Spearman相关分析表明术前血浆BNP水平与术后心脏电击次数呈正相关(r=0.8055,P=0.000).结论 术前血浆BNP的水平可以预测瓣膜置换术后心脏复跳的难易,对于高BNP水平患者应加强术前心功能的纠治.     

老年瓣膜病的外科治疗

总结 40例老年心脏瓣膜置换病例 ,年龄 (6 4.5 6± 3.5 1)岁。其中 2例置换生物瓣 ,其余均置换机械瓣。行二尖瓣置换术 14例 ,主动脉瓣置换术 10例 ,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣双瓣置换术 13例 ,改良Bentall手术 3例。术前常规行冠状动脉造影术 ,7例证实存在冠状动脉狭窄者同期行冠状动脉搭桥术。结果死亡 2例 ,其中 1例术后早期死于重度低心排 ,1例术后 8个月死于多脏器功能衰竭 ;1例术后第 18天出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞 ,安装永久起搏器 ;其余患者无严重术后并发症发生。随访 4个月～ 7年 ,共随访 33例 ,随访率 80 .2 5 % ,心功能均有明显改善 ,无远期死亡。结果提示 :①本组老年瓣膜病行瓣膜置换术 ,近、远期效果良好 ,单一的老龄因素已不应视为瓣膜替换术的禁忌证 ;②老年性瓣膜病患者术前应常规行冠状动脉造影术 ,对于合并冠状动脉狭窄者 ,积极行冠状动脉搭桥手术 ;③老年患者脏器功能储备减退 ,术后易并发多器官衰竭 ,防治各种并发症是术后顺利恢复的关     

改良腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂(附16例临床分析)

Objective To introduce an operative technique for prolapse of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Methods From January 2002 through May 2005, chordal transfer and "edge-to-edge" technique was performed in 16 cases with serious mitral valve re- gurgitation due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet. The etiology was chordal rupture in 12 cases and chordtal elongation in 4. The mean regurgitation area yam (14.76±3.28) cn2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33% - 69% before operation. Among those patients, 5 were in NYHA function class Ⅲ and 11 in class Ⅳ. Operations were performed under general anesthesia and car- diopulmonary bypass. First, "edge to edge" technique was performed. The free edge of the prolapsed anterior leaflet was sutyred to corresponding posterior leaflet. Then quadrangular resection was performed to transfer segment of posterior leaflet with its attached chordae. At last, the posterior leaflet was approximated after quadrangular resetion. Echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the times of follow-up. Results All patients survived the operation. One patient nequired mitral valve re- placement due to anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operatiom. The rest were free from reoperation. At the time d follow-up, all these patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ. Echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve. The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3 -4.8 cm2[mean(3.78±0.52)cm2]. The mean regurgitation area was (0.45±0.22) cm2. Both dimension of left atrium and left vantricule reduced significantly. The diameter of left atrium was (48.26± 11.12) mm pre-operation vs. (37.57±9.56) mm post-operation (P=0.028). The ead-diastolic diameter of the left ventricule was (61.43±8.24)mm pre-operation vs (42.35±10.79) mm post-operation (P = 0.008). Conctusion Chordal transfer and "edge- to-edge" technique provides good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.     

改良腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂(附16例临床分析)

Objective To introduce an operative technique for prolapse of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Methods From January 2002 through May 2005, chordal transfer and "edge-to-edge" technique was performed in 16 cases with serious mitral valve re- gurgitation due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet. The etiology was chordal rupture in 12 cases and chordtal elongation in 4. The mean regurgitation area yam (14.76±3.28) cn2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33% - 69% before operation. Among those patients, 5 were in NYHA function class Ⅲ and 11 in class Ⅳ. Operations were performed under general anesthesia and car- diopulmonary bypass. First, "edge to edge" technique was performed. The free edge of the prolapsed anterior leaflet was sutyred to corresponding posterior leaflet. Then quadrangular resection was performed to transfer segment of posterior leaflet with its attached chordae. At last, the posterior leaflet was approximated after quadrangular resetion. Echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the times of follow-up. Results All patients survived the operation. One patient nequired mitral valve re- placement due to anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operatiom. The rest were free from reoperation. At the time d follow-up, all these patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ. Echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve. The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3 -4.8 cm2[mean(3.78±0.52)cm2]. The mean regurgitation area was (0.45±0.22) cm2. Both dimension of left atrium and left vantricule reduced significantly. The diameter of left atrium was (48.26± 11.12) mm pre-operation vs. (37.57±9.56) mm post-operation (P=0.028). The ead-diastolic diameter of the left ventricule was (61.43±8.24)mm pre-operation vs (42.35±10.79) mm post-operation (P = 0.008). Conctusion Chordal transfer and "edge- to-edge" technique provides good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.     

后叶腱索转移治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂

目的总结采用后叶腱索转移术治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的临床经验和体会,探讨二尖瓣成形术的黄金时机。方法2004年10月至2008年10月治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂16例,超声心动图检查诊断：二尖瓣前叶脱垂、腱索断裂10例,腱索延长4例,断裂合并延长2例;A1区域脱垂3例,A2区域脱垂6例,A3区域脱垂3例,合并A1、A2区域脱垂2例,A2、A3区域脱垂2例;均采用后叶腱索转移技术,其中1例合并冠心病患者同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果无手术死亡。出院前超声心动图检查提示：有少量反流2例,微量反流6例,无反流8例。出院后华法林抗凝治疗3个月。随访16例（100％）,随访1～46个月（22．0±3．5个月）,超声心动图提示：有少量反流3例,微量反流7例,无反流6例,效果优良。心功能Ⅰ级12例,Ⅱ级4例。出院前射血分数（EF）较术前降低（53．0％±3．4％vs．65．0％±4．2％,P=0．013）,术后随访时EF与术前比较差异无统计学意义（61．0％±2．1％vs．65．0％±4．2％,P=0．110）;出院前和随访时左心室舒张期末内径较术前明显缩小（50．0±3．2mm,47．0±2．8mmvs．58．0±6．5mm,P=0．031,0．020）;随访时心功能较术前明显改善（P=0．002）。结论后叶腱索转移是治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂的有效方法,心瓣膜成形术的最佳时期是术前EF值大于60％、左心室轻度增大、心功能在Ⅲ级以上。