后路悬臂梁支撑线缆牵拉复位固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位

目的 :探讨后路悬臂梁支撑线缆牵拉复位固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法 :回顾性分析2008年1月至2013年12月收治的12例齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,其中男8例,女4例;年龄21~53岁,平均37.2岁。11例为新鲜骨折脱位,1例为陈旧性骨折脱位,均为寰枢椎前脱位。依据Grauer改良的Anderson-D′Alonzo分型,ⅡA型3例,ⅡB型5例,ⅡC型3例,ⅢA型1例。所有病例行后路悬臂梁支撑线缆牵拉复位固定治疗。术后分别采用JOA评分和ADI测量对神经功能和寰枢椎脱位复位情况进行评估。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间6个月~2年,平均1年3个月。JOA评分术后1周、6个月及末次随访分别为13.2±1.3、13.5±1.4、14.3±1.5,较术前的8.3±1.4明显改善(P0.05)。术后X线及CT示寰枢椎前脱位均复位满意,术后1周、6个月及末次随访ADI分别为(2.2±0.4)、(2.4±0.6)、(2.3±0.5)mm,均较术前的(5.8±1.2)mm明显改善(P0.05)。内固定螺钉及线缆位置良好,无松动、断裂,寰枢椎后间隙植骨均融合。结论:后路悬臂梁支撑线缆牵拉复位固定治疗齿状突骨折并寰枢椎脱位是一种固定牢固、安全可靠的方法,可获得良好的临床效果。     

单纯后路松解寰枢椎弓根钉棒复位固定治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位

目的采用单纯后路松解寰枢椎弓根钉棒复位固定技术治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位,评价其可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2011年3月至2015年12月我科收治的28例难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料。所有患者均采用后路松解寰枢椎弓根螺钉复位固定,后于寰枢椎板间植骨融合。随访颈椎X线、CT、MRI观察复位及脊髓减压情况,测量寰枢椎管最小矢状径及CMA改善状况,观察植骨愈合情况及JOA评分。结果手术时间平均(145±37)min(115~210 min);手术平均失血量(205±65)ml(140~290 ml)。术中无脊髓、神经根及椎动脉损伤发生,所有患者寰枢椎弓根螺钉成功置入,23位患者(82%)寰枢关节完全复位,所有患者脊髓减压满意。术后随访平均25.6(12~36)个月。术后6个月所有患者植骨融合良好,随访期间未发生内固定松动断裂及脱位复发。在末次随访,JOA评分由术前平均8.6±2.2改善到14.8±1.8(P<0.0005),平均改善率为73.8%;寰枢椎管最小矢状径由术前平均(9.3±4.2)mm改善到(18.6±3.2)mm(P<0.0005)。CMA由术前平均115.2°±12.5°改善到153.6°±9.3°(P<0.05)。结论采用单纯后路松解寰枢椎弓根螺钉复位固定技术可有效治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位,临床效果满意。     

寰椎提拉螺钉术中复位治疗寰枢椎脱位

目的总结应用寰椎椎弓根提拉螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉行后路提拉复位固定植骨融合术治疗寰枢椎脱位的疗效。方法 2010年1月—2014年12月本院共收治27例寰枢椎脱位患者,均有不同程度的枕颈部疼痛和活动受限,并伴有神经功能障碍,美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)分级:B级2例,C级17例,D级8例;日本骨科学会(JOA)评分4~14分,平均8.3分。MRI示20例患者有不同程度的脊髓受压,其中8例脊髓受压节段髓内出现T2加权像高信号改变。患者均为寰椎前脱位,术前均进行颅骨牵引,17例部分复位,10例不可复位。术前寰齿间距(ADI)4~15 mm,平均10.3 mm;颈髓延髓角(CMA)113.1°~135.7°,平均120.9°。均采用寰椎椎弓根提拉螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉行后路提拉复位固定植骨融合术,观察患者术后临床症状和神经功能改善情况及寰枢椎复位和植骨融合情况。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术,术中均未发生椎动脉和脊髓损伤。患者随访6~36个月,平均20个月。术后CT及MRI示寰枢椎序列重建满意,齿突区域脑脊液线清晰,脊髓无压迫。术后6个月随访时患者神经功能明显改善,2例B级患者提高至C级;17例C级患者中2例提高至E级,15例提高至D级;8例D级患者均提高至E级。JOA评分10~17分,平均14.6分,平均改善率78.4%。术后ADI 2~4 mm,平均2.6 mm;CMA139.2°~152.4°,平均144.6°。术后6个月随访时所有患者获得骨性融合;随访期间未发现螺钉松动、移位和断裂及寰枢椎再移位、失稳现象。结论寰枢椎脱位会造成寰枢椎不稳及脊髓受压,应用寰椎椎弓根提拉螺钉结合枢椎椎弓根螺钉后路提拉复位技术治疗可获得良好的临床效果。     

难复性寰枢椎脱位的外科治疗

目的 探讨难复性寰枢椎脱位治疗中寰枢椎松解方法的选择,应用椎弓根螺钉钉棒系统复位、固定及融合的疗效.方法 对2003年12月至2008年6月收治的19例难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的病例资料进行同顾性分析.男15例,女4例;年龄11～66岁,平均41.5岁.寰椎前脱位15例,寰椎后脱位4例.14例有明确外伤史.所有患者均表现为颈部疼痛、活动受限,14例有四肢麻木、行走不稳等颈髓压迫症状.术前常规行X线、MR和CT三维重建检查,评估寰椎移位及旋转程度.根据脱位类型及移位程度选择前路和(或)后路对寰枢椎进行松解,在持续颅骨牵引下利用椎弓根螺钉进行寰椎复位、固定及髂骨块植骨融合.术后头-颈-胸支具保护12周.结果 所有患者均获随访,随访时间10～60个月,平均26.4个月.患者颈部疼痛缓解,14例存在神经压迫的患者神经功能好转,脊髓ASIA残损分级提高.平均4.5个月植骨愈合.术前寰椎移位5～13mm,平均(8.7±2.6)mm,术后平均(2.6±1.2)mm;术前寰椎旋转0°～55°,平均(17.3°±5.8°),术后平均(5.0°±2.4°);两者均较术前下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).无神经、椎动脉损伤及内同定失败、切口感染等并发症.结论 对难复性寰枢椎脱位应根据脱位类型和移位程度选择相应的寰枢椎松解方法.良好的寰枢椎松解、复位结合后路椎弓根螺钉钉棒固定、髂骨块植骨融合是治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位较好的方法.     

改良复位法治疗难复性寰枢关节脱位的临床研究

[目的]评估后路术式中通过钢丝提拉复位联合椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗难复性寰枢关节脱位的临床疗效、安全性及可行性。[方法]收集广西中医药大学第一附属医院骨一科难复性寰枢关节脱位的患者13例,其中外伤8例,类风湿性关节炎5例,均伴有不同程度颈髓受压。术前ASIA 2000分级:A级(0例)、B级(2例)、C级(4例)、D级(7例)、E级(0例);SAC为8.7~11.3 mm,ADI为7~10 mm。术前均行DR、CT、MRI检查,测量相关数值并充分评估患者整体情况后,所有患者均行经后路术式通过钢丝复位联合椎弓根螺钉内固定、寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板间植骨进行治疗。[结果]所有患者均成功实施手术,术后ADI平均(2.96±0.46)mm;SAC平均(14.38±1.12)mm,达到满意复位及脊髓受压改善,术中未发生椎动脉损伤及脊髓医源性二次损伤。术后随访4~15个月,平均(9.92±3.38)个月。终末随访ASIA 2000分级E级5例,患者ADI、SAC、JOA评分术前与终末随访时对比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访过程中均未发现内固定松动、错位、断裂及伤口感染情况。[结论]后路术式中通过钢丝复位联合椎弓根螺钉内固定、寰椎后弓与枢椎椎板间植骨治疗难复性寰枢关节脱位,可以达到良好复位、解除压迫、固定及维持颈椎稳定性的目的,临床效果满意。     

儿童齿状突游离小骨继发寰枢关节脱位的术式选择及疗效观察

目的 :探讨儿童齿状突游离小骨继发寰枢关节脱位的手术方式,并观察其临床疗效。方法 :2009年1月~2014年1月收治12例儿童齿状突游离小骨继发寰枢椎脱位患者,其中7例可复性脱位患者行后路寰枢椎融合术,4例难复性脱位或复位后脊髓前方存在压迫的患者行前路经口咽减压联合后路寰枢椎融合术,1例难复性脱位患者行前路经口咽减压联合后路枕颈融合术,术后1、3、6、12个月及末次随访时评估患者临床表现及影像学改变。结果:所有患者均获得随访,随访时间28±15个月(12~60个月);术后患者临床症状均得到明显改善,11例短节段融合固定患者颈部屈伸活动功能良好,轴向旋转稍受限;1例患者术后8个月出现内固定断裂及寰枢椎脱位,行后路翻修手术后6个月植骨融合,其余患者均在术后6.0±2.5个月(3~12个月)植骨融合。末次随访时,患者JOA评分由术前的9.6±1.4分提高到16.2±0.7分。结论:后路植骨融合内固定术是治疗儿童齿状突游离小骨继发寰枢关节脱位安全有效的方法,对于难复性脱位患者或复位后存在软组织对脊髓构成持久压迫的患者需联合前路经口咽减压。     

侧块关节内皮质骨块植入结合侧块椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位

目的 :评价侧块关节内皮质骨块植入结合侧块-椎弓根钉棒内固定(Goel技术)治疗难复性寰枢椎脱位的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年6月~2016年6月行侧块关节内皮质骨块植入辅助Goel技术复位固定的16例难复性寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料(关节支撑组),以采用单纯Goel技术内固定治疗的15例患者作为对照(对照组)。对两组患者手术前后JOA评分及影像学上寰齿间隙(ADI)、颅底陷入值(BI)、斜坡椎管角(CCA)等指标进行评价,比较两组临床效果。结果 :两组患者年龄、性别比、平均随访时间和术前JOA评分、ADI、BI、CCA均无统计学差异。关节支撑组中14例双侧寰枢椎侧块关节内植入皮质骨块,2例单侧植入皮质骨块(均为单侧脱位病例,在脱位侧植入)。关节支撑组有1例发生单侧骨块沉陷入关节突内,其余病例未发生手术相关并发症。关节支撑组术后JOA评分为15.2±1.1分,ADI为2.4±1.5mm,BI为5.8±3.9mm,对照组术后末次随访时JOA评分为14.7±1.6分,ADI为2.9±2.7mm,BI为5.7±2.6mm,两组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。关节支撑组术前CCA为123.1°±16.3°,术后末次随访时为148.1°±11.2°,对照组术前为125.6°±14.2°,术后末次随访时为116.6°±10.5°,两组末次随访时CCA比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。两组随访期间未出现断钉断棒、内固定松动、复位丢失等并发症,所有病例均实现枕颈间骨性融合。结论:寰枢侧块关节内皮质骨块植入辅助Goel技术行寰枢椎复位固定安全可行,有助于难复性寰枢椎脱位的复位,并可以改善术后斜坡椎管角。     

全麻下颅骨牵引在寰枢椎脱位手术选择中的价值

目的 :评价全麻下颅骨牵引指导寰枢椎脱位手术选择的可行性。方法 :回顾分析2008年1月~2015年12月在我院诊断寰枢椎脱位行手术治疗的26例患者,男18例,女8例,年龄18~65岁(45.0±5.6岁)。26例均在术中全麻状态下行颅骨牵引,牵引下评估为可复位者通过预弯固定棒、寰枢侧块关节松解、撑开固定等辅助下行单纯经后路固定融合术,评估为不可复位者一期经口咽松解联合后路复位固定融合术。手术前后测量寰齿前间隙(ADI)及斜坡枢椎角评估复位情况,日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分及颈部功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)评估功能改善情况,Symon临床标准评估疗效。结果:26例患者在全麻颅骨牵引下评估为可复位23例(88.5%),行单纯经后路固定融合术;评估为不可复位3例(11.5%),行一期经口咽松解联合后路复位固定融合术。患者均顺利完成手术,均获得随访,随访时间6个月~8年(25.3±6.3个月)。术前与术后末次随访时的ADI、斜坡枢椎角、JOA评分、NDI分别为:7.4±1.5mm、121.3°±5.1°、8.0±0.9分、36.6±3.0,2.1±0.9mm、143.7°±6.2°、14.1±1.6分、15.7±5.6;末次随访时均较术前明显改善(P0.05)。末次随访时Symon临床标准评估有效(改善1级)12例,显效(改善2级)13例,无效1例,有效率96%,显效率50%。结论:根据全麻下颅骨牵引后寰枢椎脱位复位情况选择单纯后路固定或者联合前路松解手术方式可以取得良好的临床效果。     

一期后路手术治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位合并下颈椎椎管狭窄

目的 :探讨一期后路寰枢椎固定融合术联合单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位合并下颈椎椎管狭窄的临床疗效。方法:2010年6月～2017年12月,采用一期后路寰枢椎钉棒系统固定融合术联合单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗寰枢椎脱位合并下颈椎椎管狭窄的患者21例。患者均为可复性寰枢椎脱位,下颈椎椎管狭窄原因包括多节段颈椎间盘突出9例,发育性颈椎管狭窄6例,后纵韧带骨化6例。手术前后和末次随访时采用日本骨科协会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分对患者神经功能状态进行评估,视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)评价枕颈部疼痛程度,测量手术前后寰齿前间隙(atlanto-dental interval,ADI)、下颈椎椎管矢状径(lower cervical sagittal diameter,LCSD)。术后定期复查X线片和CT评价内固定情况、寰枢椎复位状态、植骨融合情况及椎板成形稳定性。结果:21例患者均成功完成手术,术中未出现血管神经损伤。术后1例患者出现手术切口感染,经抗感染、清创后治愈。术后患者神经功能障碍症状及枕颈部疼痛均有不同程度改善,术后及末次随访时的JOA评分、VAS评分、ADI及LCSD与术前比较均有显著性改善(P0.05)。随访12～45个月(24.9±9.2个月),随访期间X线片、CT示内固定无松动或断裂,寰枢椎脱位无复发,无"再关门"发生,所有患者在术后3～12个月(7.0±2.7个月)获寰枢椎间骨性融合。结论:一期后路寰枢椎固定融合术联合单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术是治疗可复性寰枢椎脱位合并下颈椎椎管狭窄的有效手术方案。     

单纯后路与前后联合入路手术治疗成年型齿突游离小骨并寰枢关节脱位

[目的]探讨成年型齿突游离小骨继发寰枢关节脱位手术方式及其疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2010年9月~2014年9月收治的13例成年齿突游离小骨继发寰枢椎脱位患者,其中9例可复性脱位患者行单纯后路复位+寰枢椎短节段固定融合术,4例难复性脱位者行前路经口咽减压联合后路寰枢椎融合术,随访术后临床表现及影像学改变。[结果]所有患者均获随访,随访时间1~5年,平均(2.5±1.1)年;术后影像学检查示患者均达到骨性融合,愈合时间3~9个月,平均(4.5±1.6)个月;无内固定松动、断裂等并发症,2例患者术后出现颈椎不适,但颈椎屈伸旋转功能无明显受限,对日常生活无明显影响。术后神经功能均得到明显改善,末次随访,JOA评分由术前平均(9.5±1.65)分提高到(14.2±1.6)分(P0.05)。[结论]后路短节段寰枢椎融合术是治疗成年型游离齿突伴寰枢关节脱位安全有效的治疗方法,可解除脊髓压迫,重建寰枢椎的稳定性,术后对枕颈部活动影响较小;难复性脱位患者,建议采用前路经口咽减压联合后路复位固定植骨融合术。     

The German emergency and disaster medicine and management systemdhistory and present

As well for optimized emergency management in individual cases as for optimized mass medicine in disaster management, the principle of the medical doctors approaching the patient directly and timely, even close to the site of the incident, is a long-standing marker for quality of care and patient survival in Germany. Professional rescue and emergency forces, including medical services, are the “Golden Standard” of emergency management systems. Regulative laws, proper organization of resources, equipment, training and adequate delivery of medical measures are key factors in systematic approaches to manage emergencies and disasters alike and thus save lives. During disasters command, communication, coordination and cooperation are essential to cope with extreme situations, even more so in a globalized world. In this article, we describe the major historical milestones, the current state of the German system in emergency and disaster management and its integration into the broader European approach.     

Presenteeism and Absenteeism Before and After Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty

BackgroundAbsenteeism is costly, yet evidence suggests that presenteeism—illness-related reduced productivity at work—is costlier. We quantified employed patients’ presenteeism and absenteeism before and after total joint arthroplasty (TJA).MethodsWe measured presenteeism (0-100 scale, 100 full performance) and absenteeism using the World Health Organization’s Health and Work Performance Questionnaire before and after TJA among a convenience sample of employed patients. We captured detailed information about employment and job characteristics and evaluated how and among whom presenteeism and absenteeism improved.ResultsIn total, 636 primary, unilateral TJA patients responded to an enrollment email, confirmed employment, and completed a preoperative survey (mean age: 62.1 years, 55.3% women). Full at-work performance was reported by 19.7%. Among 520 (81.8%) who responded to a 1-year follow-up, 473 (91.0%) were still employed, and 461 (88.7%) had resumed working. Among patients reporting at baseline and 1 year, average at-work performance improved from 80.7 to 89.4. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that postoperative performance was significantly higher than preoperative performance (P < .0001). The percentage of patients who reported full at-work performance increased from 20.9% to 36.8% (delta = 15.9%, 95% confidence interval = [10.0%, 21.9%], P < .0001). Presenteeism gains were concentrated among patients who reported declining work performance leading up to surgery. Average changes in absences were relatively small. Combined, the average monthly value lost by employers to presenteeism declined from 15.3% to 8.3% and to absenteeism from 16.9% to 15.5% (ie, mitigated loss of 8.4% of monthly value).ConclusionAmong employed patients before TJA, presenteeism and absenteeism were similarly costly. After, employed patients reported increased performance, concentrated among those with declining performance leading up to surgery.     

Differences in Osteocyte Density and Bone Histomorphometry Between Men and Women and Between Healthy and Osteoporotic Subjects

Bone defects related to osteoporosis develop with increasing age and differ between males and females. It is currently thought that the bone remodeling process is supervised by osteocytes in a strain-dependent manner. We have shown an altered response of osteocytes from osteoporotic patients to mechanical loading, and osteocyte density is reduced in osteoporotic patients, which might relate to imperfect bone remodeling, leading to lack of bone mass and strength. Hence, information on osteocyte density will contribute to a better understanding of bone biology in males and females and to the assessment of osteoporosis. Osteocyte density as well as conventional histomorphometric parameters of trabecular bone were determined in cancellous iliac crest bone of healthy postmenopausal women and men and of osteoporotic women and men. Osteocyte density was higher in healthy females than in healthy males and lower in osteoporotic females than in healthy females. Bone mass was reduced in osteoporotic patients, both male and female. In females, trabecular number was reduced, whereas in males, trabecular thickness was reduced and eroded surface was increased. There were no correlations between the parameter groups bone architecture, bone formation, bone resorption, and osteocyte density. These results are consistent with impaired osteoblast function in osteoporotic patients and with a different mechanism of bone loss between men and women, in which osteocyte density might play a role. The reduced osteocyte numbers in female osteoporotic patients might relate to imperfect bone remodeling leading to lack of bone mass and strength. M. G. Mullender and S. D. Tan contributed equally to this work.     

Work and career experiences and emotional well-being of managerial and professional women

This study examined a research model developed to understand emotional well-being among managerial and professional women. Data were collected from 792 women using questionnaires completed anonymously. Although considerable diversity was present in the sample, most women were in early career, married but still without children. Four groups of predictor variables identified in previous research were considered: personal demographic variables. Organizational and situational characteristics, work experiences associated with job and career satisfaction and work outcomes. Work experiences and work outcomes were fairly consistently and significantly related to self-reported emotional well-being. Implications for managerial women and their employing organizations are offered.