经尿道剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效观察

目的：探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效。方法：2009年2月～2012年11月我院采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术的方式治疗8例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者。在电切镜下先将肿瘤完整剜除,再用电切刀逐步切除,冲洗器将标本取出。结果：8例手术均成功,手术用时30～40min,平均34min。术中及术后无周围脏器损伤、大出血、尿漏、感染等发生。术后病理回报均为膀胱平滑肌瘤。术后随访3个月～4年,均未见肿瘤转移复发。结论：采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤操作简单、出血少、创伤小、术后恢复快且并发症少,是一种疗效较好的手术方式。     

腹腔镜肿瘤剜除术治疗浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜肿瘤剜除术治疗浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2010年9月到2016年11月腹腔镜治疗膀胱浆膜下平滑肌瘤8例患者资料,其中男性5例,女性3例,年龄31~65（平均47±10）岁,主诉为膀胱刺激症状者3例,下腹痛者2例,无临床症状、体检发现者3例。病程1周至3年,平均21个月。所有患者术前均行尿常规、超声、CT尿路成像（CTU）、膀胱镜等检查,尿常规均正常。 结果8例患者均行腹腔镜膀胱肿瘤剜除治疗且完整剜出肿块,快速病理均示平滑肌瘤,术后病理示膀胱平滑肌瘤,其中7例患者因膀胱黏膜完好未予缝合。手术时间40~70（53±10）min,术中出血20~50（34±10）ml,术后随访3~12个月（平均7.5个月）均未见肿瘤复发且未诉尿瘘等常见并发症。 结论对于浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤,腹腔镜下膀胱肿瘤剜除术是安全、有效的手术方法。     

腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤4例报告及文献复习

目的:探讨腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的可行性及治疗效果。方法:2008年1月至2014年11月为4例诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤的患者行腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术。回顾分析患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、症状、肿瘤大小与位置、围手术期资料、术后随访资料等。结果:4例手术均顺利完成。中位肿瘤直径2.4 cm(2.0~3.2 cm);中位手术时间105 min(95~120 min);中位术中预计出血量80 ml(60~110 ml);中位术后住院时间7 d(5~8 d);术后1例出现短暂发热;中位术后随访43.5个月(3~70个月),未见肿瘤复发。结论:膀胱平滑肌瘤临床少见,属于良性肿瘤,具备手术适应证的患者可行腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术,手术安全、可靠,效果良好。     

经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤初探

目的 探讨经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析6例黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。男2例,女4例。年龄32 ～ 78岁,平均59岁。表现为排尿梗阻3例,排尿刺激症状1例,肉眼血尿1例及无临床症状、体检发现1例。病程1周～4年,平均23个月。B超检查均发现膀胱内占位性病变,肿瘤平均最大直径3.0(2.0 ～3.5)cm。CT检查示肿瘤形态完整,增强后较均匀轻度强化。4例IVU检查发现膀胱充盈缺损。6例膀胱镜检查均提示膀胱黏膜下占位,黏膜表面光滑。6例均行膀胱镜下穿刺活检病理检查,诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤,后行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术（2例位于侧壁、体积较小肿瘤以激光剜除,4例体积较大肿瘤以电切镜剜除）。肿瘤基底部活检后,电灼肿瘤基底及创缘。 结果 6例手术均顺利完成,无膀胱穿孔等并发症。术后患者均排尿通畅,排尿刺激症状明显缓解,血尿消失。术后中位随访时间58(4～158)个月,未见肿瘤复发或转移。 结论 病理检查是确诊黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段。经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效。     

壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤十例患者诊治经验的初步探讨

目的通过对壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊疗进行回顾性分析,初步探讨其临床诊疗方式。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2019年1月于徐州医科大学附属医院泌尿外科行手术治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤10例患者资料。其中男性1例,女性9例,年龄33~51(44±6)岁。其中5例患者以膀胱刺激症状为主要临床表现,1例患者以下腹痛为主要表现,还有4例患者无明显临床症状,患者发病时间1周至2年,平均4.9个月。患者泌尿系彩超检查发现膀胱壁上形态规则、表面覆盖黏膜高回声的低回声包块。CTU检查为膀胱壁均质样实性肿块,边界清楚、光滑,无侵蚀表现,膀胱壁走形自然,且壁周脂肪间隙清晰,膀胱内可见充盈缺损。膀胱镜检查可见瘤体表面黏膜常完整连续,可见局部稍向膀胱内隆起。根据患者肿瘤部位、大小,10例患者分别采用经尿道平滑肌瘤剜除术和腹腔镜下平滑肌瘤剜除术,3例患者术中冰冻切片示:膀胱平滑肌瘤。结果10例患者中有临床症状者:其中5例以膀胱刺激症状为主诉的患者术后症状明显缓解,表现为下腹部疼痛症状的患者术后腹痛症状消失,所有患者术后均未发生并发症,术后随访4~24个月(平均16个月)均未见肿瘤复发且未诉漏尿等常见并发症。结论泌尿系彩超,CTU等影像学检查与膀胱镜相结合是诊断壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段,经尿道肿瘤剜除术、腹腔镜下肿瘤剜除术是治疗壁间型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效的手术方式且预后较好。     

腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术在治疗膀胱肿瘤和膀胱异物的应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术治疗膀胱肿瘤和膀胱异物的可行性及治疗效果。方法:2016年1月～2017年7月我院对5例膀胱肿瘤和3例膀胱异物[宫内节育器(IUD)嵌入膀胱并结石]行腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术。膀胱肿瘤采用经腹膜外途径,膀胱异物采用经腹腔途径。切除膀胱肿瘤、取出膀胱异物后,缝合膀胱。记录手术时间、出血量、住院时间、围手术期并发症等指标。膀胱肿瘤术后定期行膀胱镜检查并随访。结果:8例手术成功,无中转开放手术病例。平均手术时间98(80～130) min,平均术中出血量25(10～40) ml,平均术后住院时间7(5～9) d。9～12 d拔除导尿管,无并发症发生。术后随访6～24个月,平均15个月,无肿瘤复发病例。结果:膀胱平滑肌瘤2例,IUD异位3例,海绵状血管瘤1例,副神经节瘤1例,尿路上皮癌1例。结论:腹腔镜膀胱部分切除术具有创伤小、出血少、手术安全、疗效确切等优点,可作为治疗膀胱良性肿瘤、膀胱异物及部分膀胱恶性肿瘤的首选手术方法。     

后腹腔镜联合膀胱电切镜治疗上尿路移行细胞癌

目的 介绍后腹腔镜行肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状电切治疗上尿路移行细胞癌的经验.方法 经后腹腔镜施行肾输尿管全长及膀胱袖状切除术32例.其中输尿管肿瘤20例,肾盂肿瘤12例.肿瘤位于右侧17例,左侧15例.2例输尿管肿瘤合并膀胱肿瘤.经尿道电切镜距输尿管口约0.5 cm环形切透膀胱全层,对输尿管末端电灼彻底封闭输尿管开口.输尿管末端电切结束退出电切镜后留置尿管.采用腰部3个穿刺套管针入路,行根治性肾切除,输尿管尽量向下游离,下腹部行5～9 cm切口,取出.肾标本,然后行下端输尿管及膀胱袖状切除.结果 31例手术顺利,1例术前有经皮肾镜术史,术中发生十二指肠瘘,手术中转开放修补十二指肠,术后恢复顺利.手术时间2.0～6.5 h,平均3.5 h.出血量25～1 500 ml,平均163 ml.术后随访2～36个月.29例患者无瘤存活;1例患者术后2个月发生膀胱、盆腔转移,目前带瘤存活;1例患者术后2年发生膀胱肿瘤,电切后无瘤存活;1例患者术后第3个月死于心脏疾病.结论 经后腹腔镜手术治疗肾盂和输尿管肿瘤,切口明显小于开放手术,术后恢复快.用电切镜环状切除输尿管末端可完整切除输尿管.     

经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床分析

目的:探讨经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月—2022年12月济宁市第一人民院治疗的6例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术完整剜除肿瘤,再将组织切成小块冲出。结果:6例患者平均手术时间30 min,术后无出血、穿孔、感染等并发症,术后病理诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤,均顺利康复出院。术后随访1～3年未见复发。结论:经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤创伤小、恢复快,是治疗膀胱良性肿瘤安全可靠的手术方式。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊断与治疗(附21例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床特点、诊治方法及预后。方法:回顾性分析21例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料及术后随访,并复习相关文献。结果:本组21例患者分别采用膀胱部分切除、膀胱肿瘤剜除和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗,术后病理诊断均为膀胱平滑肌瘤,术后随访9个月～8年,均无肿瘤转移或复发。结论:膀胱平滑肌瘤系泌尿系少见的良性肿瘤。结合影像等资料能够初步诊断,确诊依靠膀胱镜检查及病理活检,治疗以手术为主,预后良好。     

腹腔镜下切除肾上腺间质性肿瘤(附27例报告)

目的:探讨经腹腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺间质性肿瘤的适应证和可行性。方法:回顾性分析27例肾上腺间质性肿瘤患者的临床资料,行B超,CT或MRI等影像学检查,术前诊断为肾上腺囊肿10例,肾上极囊肿2例,髓性脂肪瘤7例,神经鞘瘤3例,嗜铬细胞瘤2例,肾上腺占位3例(其中错构瘤1例)。27例均行经腹腔途径腹腔镜下肾上腺肿瘤切除术,术中采用超声刀游离瘤体及肾上腺组织,行肾上腺切除时采用Hem-o-lock结扎中央静脉。结果:27例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。术中2例血压出现波动,最高升至178/118mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),降压处理后恢复正常。平均手术时间75(50～110)min,平均术中出血量20(10～50)ml。术后1～3d肠功能恢复,2～3d拔除引流管,无明显外科并发症,术后平均7d出院。切除肿瘤2.0cm×2.0cm×2.5cm～10.0cm×10.0cm×13.0cm,病理诊断为肾上腺囊肿12例,髓性脂肪瘤9例,神经鞘瘤5例,错构瘤1例。25例术后随访0.5～4年,复查彩超和CT未见肿瘤复发及恶性变。结论:腹腔镜手术切除肾上腺间质性肿瘤安全可靠,且创伤小、恢复快,为治疗本病的理想方法。     

Reasons for Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open or Hand-assisted Adrenalectomy: Review of 261 Laparoscopic Adrenalectomies from 1993 to 2003

Over the past decade, laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become the operation of choice for resecting adrenal tumors. However, few reported data exist regarding the reasons for conversion from laparoscopic to open or hand-assisted adrenalectomy. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 261 consecutive laparoscopic adrenalectomies performed by one surgeon between 1993 and 2003. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy could not be completed in 8 of the 261 patients (3%); four of the operations were converted to hand-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy and four to open adrenalectomy. The reasons for the conversion were as follows: In three patients the tumor was too adherent to surrounding structures to be resected laparoscopically; in three patients the tumor was found to have malignant features during laparoscopy, and the operation was converted to achieve proper resection margins; in two patients the tumors were too large (15 and 16 cm, respectively) to be safely removed laparoscopically. The eight resected tumors included three pheochromocytomas, one myelolipoma, one angiomyolipoma, one solitary fibrous tumor, one liposarcoma, and one metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. There were no cases in which conversion was required emergently for bleeding or other intraoperative catastrophes. All eight of the tumors removed were at least 5 cm in size (range 5–16 cm). The mean length of hospitalization was 4.4 days (range 3–8 days).This article was presented at the International Association of Endocrine Surgeons meeting, Uppsala, Sweden, June 14–17, 2004.     

Cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is performed in selected patients with isolated diseases, such as bladder endometriosis, pheochromocytoma, leiomyoma, and malignant bladder tumors. Laparoscopic partial cystectomy is indicated for a solitary bladder tumor that is distant from the bladder neck, the ureteral orifices, and the trigone, to allow a resection margin of 1 to 2 cm. We report our experience with cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bladder was mobilized adequately by laparoscopy. Intraoperative cystoscopy was performed Cystoscopic guidance was used for the initial cystotomy. Further excision of the bladder tumor with a safety margin of 1.5 to 2 cm was performed under laparoscopic vision. RESULTS: Three patients underwent cystoscopy-assisted laparoscopic partial cystectomy. Cystoscopy aided in planning a proper and adequate safety margin around the tumor as well as helped in marking the initial cystotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Cystoscopic assistance during laparoscopic partial cystectomy helps to properly place the initial cystotomy as well aids in planning the safety margin around the tumor. It is safe, easy, and does not add to increased operative time or morbidity.     

经腹膜后途径二次肾区腹腔镜手术的探讨

目的探讨二次肾区经腹膜后腹腔镜手术治疗泌尿系疾病的可行性。方法 2006年1月～2012年1月我院对7例有同侧开放或腹腔镜经腹膜后途径手术史者经腹膜后途径行二次肾区腹腔镜手术,其中2例为肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤术后复发,2例为肾囊肿术后同侧复发,1例为开放肾盂输尿管连接部成形术后继发肾积水导致无功能肾,1例为后腹腔镜肾上腺肿物切除术后同侧肾萎缩无功能,1例为肾癌肾部分切除术后复发。2次手术间隔2.5～8.3年,平均3.5年。第2次手术均取经腹膜后入路,直视下经第12肋下2 cm与骶棘肌外侧交界处进入后腹腔建立气腹,在腋中线髂嵴上2 cm处做第2穿刺点,腋前线肋缘下为第3穿刺点,先从解剖清晰、粘连轻处按解剖层次,逐步暴露手术部位完成手术。结果手术均获成功,手术时间75～213 min,平均131 min;术中出血量50～400 ml,平均156 ml。2例腹膜损伤,无腹腔内脏器损伤,术后第3天胃肠道恢复,逐渐进食。术后住院4～12 d,平均9 d。6例随访4～38个月,平均18个月,患者恢复良好,肾囊肿及肿瘤未见复发。结论在熟练掌握后腹腔镜技术的前提下,再次后腹腔镜下肾区手术是可行的。     

较困难的腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术——附142例临床报告

目的探讨腹腔镜进行较大及特殊部位子宫肌瘤剔除术的可行性、安全性。方法2003年3月-2008年6月,对142例肌瘤直径≥10 cm、后壁近宫颈处肌瘤、宫颈肌瘤、阔韧带肌瘤行腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术。视肌瘤大小、部位的不同采取如下方法：①直接切开肌层剥出瘤体,较大肌瘤梭形切开瘤体肌壁,后壁肌瘤纵切或由远至近斜行向上切开;②较大的肌瘤可剥出部分瘤体后旋切碎解瘤体取出,剩下较小部分再完全剥出;③表面血管丰富的较大肌瘤或浆膜下肌瘤可采用套扎法;④阔韧带肌瘤则打开阔韧带牵出瘤体,旋切碎解至较小瘤体后于根部拧断。结果除1例采取腹腔镜辅助腹壁小切口剥除子宫肌瘤外,141例在腹腔镜下完成。剥除肌瘤标本重44-1903 g。手术时间30-175 m in。术中出血10-800 m。l无严重并发症发生。68例随访至术后2年,B超提示肌瘤复发2例。结论随着手术技术的提高,可以放宽腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术的指征。     

腹腔镜下经胆囊管切开胆总管取石胆道一期缝合术

目的探讨腹腔镜下经胆囊管切开胆总管取石,胆道一期缝合治疗胆总管结石的可行性。方法 2009年10月～2010年5月对55例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石施行经胆囊管切开胆总管取石胆道一期缝合术。腹腔镜下切除胆囊后,保留胆囊管长1.0～1.5 cm,沿胆囊管纵轴剪开胆囊管前壁至胆总管,再沿胆总管纵轴向下切开胆总管0.3～1.1 cm,经此切口内镜取净胆道结石并判断Oddi括约肌功能是否正常。从胆总管切开处的下方开始,向胆囊管切开处的盲端方向先行黏膜层缝合,然后肌层缝合,距胆总管0.2 cm结扎胆囊管。腹腔放置引流管。结果 55例手术均获成功,胆囊管直径0.3～0.6cm,平均0.45 cm;胆囊管切开长度1.0～1.5 cm,平均1.3 cm;胆总管切开长度0.3～1.1 cm,平均0.5 cm。腹腔引流管留置3～5 d。术前术后MRCP对比胆总管直径无异常改变。1例术后出现胆漏,对症治疗后治愈。术后腹痛、腹胀2例,48 h后缓解。1例术后5 d出现间歇性腹痛,7 d出现黄疸,9 d后腹痛缓解,黄疸消退。术后住院时间7～13 d,平均8 d。55例术后随访1～6个月,平均4.5月,无残余结石及结石复发。结论腹腔镜下经胆囊管切开胆总管取石胆道一期缝合术治疗胆总管结石可行。     

Minimally invasive laparoscopic neobladder

PURPOSE: To our knowledge orthotopic reconstruction after laparoscopic radical cystectomy has not been described in the human. After anatomical and surgical studies on cadavers we developed an original technique and performed the first laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy and ileal orthotopic neobladder reconstruction in a patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our technique has 3 steps, namely laparoscopic pelvic clearance, external reconstruction and laparoscopic reconstruction. After cystoprostatectomy and lymphadenectomy were completed via laparoscopy we removed the surgical specimens through a 5 cm. supraumbilical incision. Through the same incision an ileal loop was extracted from the abdominal cavity, isolated, detubularized and partially reconfigured. Intestinal continuity was restored extracorporeally. All intestinal loops were inserted back into the abdomen and pneumoperitoneum was started again. The ureteroileal (nipple valve) and urethroileal anastomoses were formed via laparoscopy and the neobladder was then completed with an intracorporeal running suture. RESULTS: Operative time was 450 minutes and blood loss was 350 ml. Postoperatively pain was minimal. The patient was ambulatory, regained bowel activity on postoperative day 2 and began food intake 2 days later. He was discharged home on postoperative day 7 with an indwelling catheter, which was removed after 7 days. Histopathological examination showed organ confined bladder cancer without margin invasion. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge we report the first case of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with ileal orthotopic reconstruction. This original technique combines the advantages of minimally invasive laparoscopy with the speed and safety of open surgery.     

Isobaric gasless laparoscopic myomectomy for removal of large uterine leiomyomas

Background This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of isobaric laparoscopic removal of large myomas (≥8 cm) using the Laparotenser, a subcutaneous abdominal wall-lifting system. Methods A series of 63 consecutive patients with at least one large symptomatic subserosal or intramural uterine myoma (≥8 cm) underwent an isobaric gasless laparoscopic myomectomy. Conventional laparotomy instruments were used. Results The procedure was successfully completed for all 63 consecutive patients. The average size of the dominant myoma was 11 cm. The mean number of myomas removed from each patient was 3.6. The mean blood loss was 143 ml, and the mean operating time was 72 min. No intraoperative complication occurred. Conclusions Gasless laparoscopic myomectomy for the removal of large myomas using the Laparotenser is feasible and safe. It offers several advantages over laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum.     

腹腔镜胆总管探查术32例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆总管切开取石和"T"管引流术的实用性和优越性。方法:用腹腔镜联合纤维胆道镜施行腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)+胆总管切开取石+"T"管引流术。结果:32例手术均获成功。手术时间60~90min。术后2~3d肠功能恢复,可下床活动,并进流质饮食。术后5~7d出院。术后12d来院复诊,试行夹管并行"T"管造影,2例发现残余小结石1枚,直径0.2~0.3cm,术后2个月经窦道取出,造影检查无异常。结论:选择性为部分胆总管结石患者施行腹腔镜胆总管切开取石+"T"管引流术临床效果好,较开腹手术、经胆囊管腹腔镜胆总管探查术及LC+内镜括约肌切开术更具优越性和实用性。     

腹腔镜、胆道镜联合液电碎石在胆总管结石中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜、胆道镜联合液电碎石在胆总管结石中的应用.方法 2009年1月至2013年12月应用腹腔镜、胆道镜联合液电碎石治疗173例胆道结石,其中男性102例,女性71例.年龄24～73岁,平均47.2岁.胆道结石合并胆囊结石者先行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,再通过胆道镜工作通道,应用液电碎石机治疗电极,在直视下接触结石,将胆总管及肝胆管结石击碎后用取石篮套出.结果 173例病人中,147例结石均一次性完全清除,余下病人留置T管后按疗程3～9周内清除结石.无胆管损伤、胆漏.162例术后随访3～30个月,平均15个月,腹部B超或磁共振胰胆管成像（magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography,MRCP）检查未发现结石复发及残留,无胆道狭窄.结论 腹腔镜、胆道镜联合液电碎石机治疗胆道结石具有直观、准确、方便、疗效确切的特点,是治疗胆道结石的一种安全、有效的新手段.     

Benign peritoneal multicystic mesothelioma diagnosed and treated by laparoscopic surgery

Benign cystic mesothelioma is a rare pathology predominantly encountered in females. The increased use of laparoscopy for abdominal pain, particularly in female patients, implies that surgeons are aware of the macro- and laparoscopic presentation of this tumor for adequate diagnosis and therapy. In this paper, we present the case of a young woman with benign multicystic mesothelioma in which only laparoscopy led to the appropriate diagnosis. Subsequently, the tumor was removed by laparoscopic surgery.