经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤初探

目的 探讨经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效及安全性。 方法 回顾性分析6例黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。男2例,女4例。年龄32 ～ 78岁,平均59岁。表现为排尿梗阻3例,排尿刺激症状1例,肉眼血尿1例及无临床症状、体检发现1例。病程1周～4年,平均23个月。B超检查均发现膀胱内占位性病变,肿瘤平均最大直径3.0(2.0 ～3.5)cm。CT检查示肿瘤形态完整,增强后较均匀轻度强化。4例IVU检查发现膀胱充盈缺损。6例膀胱镜检查均提示膀胱黏膜下占位,黏膜表面光滑。6例均行膀胱镜下穿刺活检病理检查,诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤,后行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术（2例位于侧壁、体积较小肿瘤以激光剜除,4例体积较大肿瘤以电切镜剜除）。肿瘤基底部活检后,电灼肿瘤基底及创缘。 结果 6例手术均顺利完成,无膀胱穿孔等并发症。术后患者均排尿通畅,排尿刺激症状明显缓解,血尿消失。术后中位随访时间58(4～158)个月,未见肿瘤复发或转移。 结论 病理检查是确诊黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段。经尿道肿瘤剜除术治疗黏膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤安全有效。     

腹腔镜肿瘤剜除术治疗浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床体会

目的探讨腹腔镜肿瘤剜除术治疗浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效及安全性。 方法回顾性分析2010年9月到2016年11月腹腔镜治疗膀胱浆膜下平滑肌瘤8例患者资料,其中男性5例,女性3例,年龄31~65（平均47±10）岁,主诉为膀胱刺激症状者3例,下腹痛者2例,无临床症状、体检发现者3例。病程1周至3年,平均21个月。所有患者术前均行尿常规、超声、CT尿路成像（CTU）、膀胱镜等检查,尿常规均正常。 结果8例患者均行腹腔镜膀胱肿瘤剜除治疗且完整剜出肿块,快速病理均示平滑肌瘤,术后病理示膀胱平滑肌瘤,其中7例患者因膀胱黏膜完好未予缝合。手术时间40~70（53±10）min,术中出血20~50（34±10）ml,术后随访3~12个月（平均7.5个月）均未见肿瘤复发且未诉尿瘘等常见并发症。 结论对于浆膜下型膀胱平滑肌瘤,腹腔镜下膀胱肿瘤剜除术是安全、有效的手术方法。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤15例临床分析

目的探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床表现、诊治方法和预后。方法回顾性分析1997年1月～2008年5月收治的15例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的资料。其中男4例,女11例,年龄28~65岁,平均35岁。临床表现为排尿梗阻6例,排尿刺激症状5例,肉眼血尿3例,无任何临床症状体检时发现1例。病程1个月～3年,平均11．5个月。15例B超检查发现膀胱内占位病变,CT检查发现肿物均有不同程度强化,IVU检查12例发现膀胱充盈缺损,膀胱镜检查11例提示黏膜下占位。15例术前病理活检2例报告为平滑肌瘤。15例分别采用肿瘤剜除、膀胱部分切除和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗。13例行术中冰冻切片检查,报告为平滑肌瘤。结果15例患者术后排尿通畅,排尿刺激症状明显缓解,血尿消失。未发生手术并发症。术后随访6个月～5年,平均3年,未见肿瘤复发或转移。结论影像学结合膀胱镜检查是诊断膀胱平滑肌瘤的主要手段,外科手术治疗预后良好。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤8例临床分析

目的:对膀胱良性肿瘤中平滑肌瘤的诊疗进行回顾性研究,从而更好地理解和掌握其诊疗方式。方法:回顾性分析2010年12月～2017年10月我院收治的8例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。其中男4例,女4例,年龄25～57岁,平均38岁。临床表现为腰痛1例,无任何临床症状体检时发现7例。病程3d～4个月,平均病程27d。8例患者术前B超检查均发现膀胱内占位性病变,其中2例患者可于肿瘤内探及血流信号,CT检查发现7例患者肿瘤有不同程度强化,1例患者未见明显强化,1例行IVU检查提示膀胱壁充盈缺损,CTU检查6例患者发现膀胱壁充盈缺损,8例患者行膀胱镜检查均发现膀胱壁占位。对8例患者分别采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术(TURBt)、腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术和机器人辅助腹腔镜下膀胱部分切除术治疗。结果:1例患者术后腰痛消失,未出现手术并发症。术后随访3个月～5年,平均随访时间2年,未见肿瘤复发或恶变转移。结论:膀胱平滑肌瘤在膀胱肿瘤中较为罕见,其预后良好,诊断主要依靠影像学和膀胱镜检查,在影像学表现上与膀胱尿路上皮癌鉴别困难,膀胱镜及病理可予以鉴别。确诊需依据病理,手术治疗效果较好。     

经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床分析

目的:探讨经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年12月—2022年12月济宁市第一人民院治疗的6例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料,所有患者均采用经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术完整剜除肿瘤,再将组织切成小块冲出。结果:6例患者平均手术时间30 min,术后无出血、穿孔、感染等并发症,术后病理诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤,均顺利康复出院。术后随访1～3年未见复发。结论:经尿道等离子膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤创伤小、恢复快,是治疗膀胱良性肿瘤安全可靠的手术方式。     

经尿道剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效观察

目的：探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤的疗效。方法：2009年2月～2012年11月我院采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术的方式治疗8例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者。在电切镜下先将肿瘤完整剜除,再用电切刀逐步切除,冲洗器将标本取出。结果：8例手术均成功,手术用时30～40min,平均34min。术中及术后无周围脏器损伤、大出血、尿漏、感染等发生。术后病理回报均为膀胱平滑肌瘤。术后随访3个月～4年,均未见肿瘤转移复发。结论：采用经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术治疗膀胱平滑肌瘤操作简单、出血少、创伤小、术后恢复快且并发症少,是一种疗效较好的手术方式。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊断与治疗(附21例报告并文献复习)

目的:探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床特点、诊治方法及预后。方法:回顾性分析21例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料及术后随访,并复习相关文献。结果:本组21例患者分别采用膀胱部分切除、膀胱肿瘤剜除和经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗,术后病理诊断均为膀胱平滑肌瘤,术后随访9个月～8年,均无肿瘤转移或复发。结论:膀胱平滑肌瘤系泌尿系少见的良性肿瘤。结合影像等资料能够初步诊断,确诊依靠膀胱镜检查及病理活检,治疗以手术为主,预后良好。     

泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤15例临床分析

目的：探讨泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤临床表现，提高对其诊治水平。方法：对15例泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析，其中平滑肌瘤13例，平滑肌肉瘤1例，混合性平滑肌瘤1例（并发移行细胞癌），分别位于肾、输尿管、膀胱、尿道、附睾。肿瘤均手术切除，并经病理检查证实。结果：15例均获随访，13例平滑肌瘤术后无复发，1例平滑肌肉瘤术后16年无瘤生存，1例混合性平滑肌瘤至截稿时为术后2个月。结论：泌尿生殖系平滑肌肿瘤发生率低，以附睾多发，缺少临床特征，术前确诊困难，主要靠病理检查确诊。手术切除是治疗平滑肌肿瘤最佳方法。     

腹腔镜处理膀胱平滑肌瘤3例报告

目的探讨腹腔镜处理膀胱平滑肌瘤的适应证和疗效。方法 2003年8月～2010年10月腹腔镜手术治疗3例膀胱平滑肌瘤。采用三孔法,气腹压力10～15 mm Hg。暴露膀胱后,经尿管注入400 ml无菌盐水充盈膀胱,距肿瘤0.3cm处切开膀胱壁,直视下将瘤体及周围0.3 cm完整切除。结果 3例手术均成功,手术时间分别为70、90、40 min。术中、术后无周围器官损伤和尿漏发生。3例术后分别随访96、72、12个月,无肿瘤复发。结论体积较大的膀胱平滑肌瘤或壁间型、浆膜下型需行肿瘤剜除或膀胱部分切除术者是腹腔镜手术的适应证,腹腔镜处理安全、有效。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊疗分析

目的:探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的病因、临床表现、诊治方法和预后。方法:回顾性分析我院2002年~2014年诊断为膀胱平滑肌瘤的6例患者临床资料:男2例,女4例,平均年龄56岁。排尿刺激症状1例,排尿障碍2例,血尿2例,无症状1例。术前均行CT、B超检查及膀胱镜检查,肿瘤直径为1.2~5.6cm,平均3.2cm。6例均采用手术治疗(1例行膀胱部分切除术,5例行经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术),术后基底部取活检。结果:术后患者均无血尿,排尿障碍及排尿刺激症状均明显改善,术后随访3个月~6年,平均4.2年,膀胱镜、B超或CT检查无肿瘤复发或转移。结论:膀胱平滑肌瘤常表现为排尿障碍、排尿刺激症状、血尿或腹痛等症状,也可无明显临床表现。诊断主要依靠B超、CT和膀胱镜检查,初诊时误诊率较高;外科手术是其主要的治疗方法,可采用膀胱部分切除术、经尿道膀胱肿瘤剜除术或经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术,预后良好。     

膀胱平滑肌瘤:附8例报告

目的 探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床特点及诊治疗效.方法 对8例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 8例患者,男性3例,女性5例,平均年龄42岁(27岁～71岁).经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切(TURBT)3例,开放膀胱部分切除术2例,肿瘤剜除2例,腹腔镜膀胱肿瘤剜除1例.8例患者随访10～75个月未见肿瘤复发.结论 膀胱平滑肌瘤临床罕见,手术效果满意,手术方式的选择应根据肿瘤大小和位置决定,腹腔镜手术创伤小、恢复快,将成为一种有效的手术替代方式.     

膀胱平滑肌瘤的诊断和治疗(附11例报告)

目的：探讨膀胱平滑肌瘤的临床表现、诊治方法和预后情况。方法：对11例膀胱平滑肌瘤患者分别采用肿瘤剜除、膀胱部分切除或经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术治疗。结果：术后随访6个月～10年，10例生存良好，未发现肿瘤复发或转移；1例术后3年出现膀胱移行细胞癌。结论：膀胱平滑肌瘤是一种少见的良性肿瘤，预后良好。B超是首选筛查手段，确诊需行膀胱镜检查及病理活检。外科开放手术是其主要的治疗方法。     

Three cases of urinary retention caused by uterine leiomyoma

Three females with urinary retention caused by uterine leiomyoma are reported. The patients were 35, 48 and 50 years old. In each patient, transabdominal ultrasonography showed a large and homogeneous mass located in the retrovesical space, compressing the bladder. Pre-operative computed tomographic (CT) scan and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed uterine leiomyoma which severely compressed the bladder from the posterior wall to the urethra. The urinary symptoms completely resolved in all patients following total hysterectomy, and postoperative uroflowmetry demonstrated normal voiding.     

Leiomyoma of bladder

A case of leiomyoma of the bladder is presented. The symptoms of this rare benign tumor depend on the size, location, or associated urinary tract infection. The diagnosis may be confirmed by transurethral biopsy, and, since these tumors are well encapsulated, the treatment of choice is total enucleation from the vesical wall. Transurethral resection as a defintive modality of treatment should be attempted only in small tumors.     

Leiomyoma of the urinary bladder: report of three cases

We report 3 cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. One patient was a 57-year-old female. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a small tumor, and cystoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor on the left wall. Partial cystectomy was performed, and she has had no recurrence for 10 months. Two females who were aged 68 years and 52 years, were referred to our hospital with the complaint of pain of meatus of urethra, and pollakisuria, respectively. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed, and they have had no recurrence for more than 3 and 4 years, respectively. Histological examination in the three cases showed a leiomyoma of the urinary bladder. To our knowledge, there are 151 cases of leiomyoma of the urinary bladder reported in the literature in Japan.     

Vaginal Leiomyoma – an Imitator of Prolapse

Vaginal leiomyoma is a rare tumor with a variable clinical presentation and broad differential diagnosis that can lead to preoperative misdiagnosis. We present a case of vaginal leiomyoma with a symptom complex of prolapse, urinary urgency and urge incontinence. A 50-year-old woman presented with a 4-year history of deteriorating sensation of prolapse, significant complex urinary complaints and prolonged vaginal bleeding. Clinical examination revealed a mobile 6 × 8 cm mass arising from the anterior vaginal wall. She underwent hysteroscopy, curettage, urethrocystoscopy (normal findings) and mass enucleation through a vertical incision. Histology showed a benign leiomyoma. Ultrasonography, MRI, positive-pressure urethrography and urethrocystoscopy should be considered in the evaluation of an anterior wall vaginal mass. Surgical enucleation via a vaginal approach is the treatment of choice. If this surgical procedure results in skeletonization of the urethral and bladder support, a colporrhaphy/pubourethral ligament plication is required.     

Video assisted thoracoscopy or laparoscopy for enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma: A seven-year single center experience of 75 cases

ObjectiveLeiomyoma is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus. Extra mucosal enucleation is the standard treatment. Herein we evaluated the feasibility and the outcomes of Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) using video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) or laparoscopic surgery (VALS) for esophageal leiomyoma enucleation.Subjects and methodsRetrospective study of patients who were treated via VATS or VALS for esophageal leiomyoma enucleation in “Hanoi Viet Duc Hospital” from 2010 to 2017 by the same operator. The operative approach, tumor size, complications and outcomes after surgery were recorded.ResultsSeventy-five patients were included. Mean age was 41.9 (range 20–68) years. The male/female sex ratio was 2.1:1. Fifty-five patients had clinical symptoms (73.3%). Tumors were identified in the upper third (12%), middle third (51%), and lower third (37%) of the esophagus. Mean tumor size was 3.7 (range 2–11) cm. VALS enucleation was performed in 23 patients who had leiomyoma located near the cardia (gastroesophageal junction or abdominal esophagus). The remaining 52 patients underwent right (n = 42) or left VATS (n = 10). Five patients (6.7%) sustained esophageal mucosa injury during dissection, repaired by MIS without late morbidity. A mini-incision (2 mini-laparotomies and 1 thoracotomy) was required in three patients (4%) due to large tumor size or mucosal injury. The mean operative time was 105 min in VATS and 174 min in VALS. No major perioperative surgical or medical complications were reported. The mean duration of hospital stay was 7.2 (range 5–12) days.ConclusionsMIS enucleation of esophageal leiomyoma is technically safe and associated with a high therapeutic success rate with low medico-surgical morbidity. VATS could be applied for almost all esophageal leiomyoma tumors; however, the VALS approach was preferred for tumors located near the gastroesophageal junction in order to create an anti-reflux valve after enucleation.