AGH分型指导胫骨后Pilon骨折个体化治疗的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨AGH分型指导胫骨后Pilon骨折个体化治疗的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年3月至2020年4月苏州大学附属张家港医院收治的19例胫骨后Pilon骨折病人的临床资料,其中男9例,女10例,平均年龄为49.89岁（24~67岁）,行走跌倒14例,交通伤4例,重物砸伤1例。所有病人行CT检查,根据CT及AGH分型结果采用不同的手术入路和内固定方法。术后采用Burwell-Charnley放射学标准评价踝关节面的复位情况,同时采用美国足踝外科医师协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足功能评分系统和疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评价病人踝关节功能恢复情况。结果 病人术中平均失血量为64.74 mL,手术时间平均为129.47 min。病人均获得随访,平均随访时间为15.79个月（12~24个月）。根据Bruwell-Charnley评价标准评估术后踝关节面复位质量：优13例,可6例。术后1年AOFAS评分平均为85.95分,VAS评分平均为1.11分。结论 胫骨后Pilon骨折根据受伤机制,骨折类型多样,结合CT及AGH分型指导胫骨后Pilon骨折分型及个体化治疗后临床疗效满意。     

锁定加压钢板结合微创经皮钢板内固定技术治疗Pilon骨折

目的：总结使用锁定加压钢板（locked compression plate,LCP）结合微创经皮钢板内固定技术（minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis,MIPPO）治疗胫骨Pilon骨折的临床疗效.方法：回顾总结自2009年1月至2012年12月采用MIPPO结合LCP内固定治疗的Pilon骨折.排除开放性骨折、病理性骨折、患肢有血管疾病和患肢神经损伤的病例,共纳入38例,其中男29例,女9例;平均年龄48岁（21～78岁）.骨折按AO分型：B型20例,C型18例.根据手术时间、术中出血量、复位质量、骨折愈合时间、并发症、术后踝关节功能等对疗效进行评定,并参照美国足与踝关节协会（American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS）踝与后足主观评分标准评定疗效.结果：38例均获随访,平均随访时间18个月（13～24个月）.骨折全部获得骨性愈合,无钢板断裂及复位固定失败,1例伤口浅表感染,经使用抗生素及换药后治愈.术后AOFAS评分65 ～97分,平均（81.0±4.5）分.结论：MIPPO结合LCP治疗胫骨Pilon骨折,创伤小,并发症少,功能恢复满意.     

Pilon骨折的解剖四柱理论与临床治疗的关系

目的 探讨Pilon骨折解剖四柱理论指导内固定治疗的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年3月至2009年6月收治的91例Pilon骨折患者的临床资料(共94处Plion骨折,3例患者为双侧骨折).根据影像学表现出的病理解剖特点及受伤机制,将胫、腓骨干骺端按形态分为四柱:骨折发生时累及外侧柱67处,后柱34处,内侧柱65处,前柱37处;其中单柱损伤20处,双柱损伤49处,三柱损伤15处,四柱损伤10处.骨折复位固定术后的影像学评价采用Burwell和Charley评估标准;踝关节功能评价采用美国足踝外科医师协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分系统.结果 89例患者获得随访,随访时间6.0～39.0个月,平均16.2个月.骨折愈合时间3.0～5.0个月,平均3..7个月.术后随访复位固定情况:Burwell和Charley的影像学评估标准:复位优良率达到91%;术后随访踝关节功能AOFAS踝-后足评分:优良率达到87.6%.结论 Pilon骨折四柱分型是一种既简单又全面的分型理论,有助于选择理想的治疗策略和获得良好的临床疗效.     

孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗Ruedi-Allgower Ⅲ型Pilon骨折

目的探讨应用孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2017-06采用孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗的34例Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折,使用Burwell-Charnley复位评价系统评估骨折复位效果及踝关节功能AOFAS评分标准评价疗效。结果 34例均获得随访,随访时间平均15(12～18)个月。术后Burwell-Charnley评分:解剖复位29例,复位可4例,复位差1例。术后6个月踝关节功能AOFAS评分:优24例,良6例,可3例,差1例,优良率88.24%。结论术中应用孟氏架辅助复位手术治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折取材简便,可操作性强,手术时间明显缩短,骨折复位程度及手术疗效明显提高,在临床有推广应用价值。     

后路行陈旧性后踝合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合重建的疗效

目的 治疗陈旧性后踝合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合时,总结联合后路行切开复位、重建踝关节的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年12月至2021年12月,共收治的18例陈旧性后踝骨折合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合的患者,均经联合后内+后外入路行后踝、腓骨骨折畸形愈合切开复位、并重建踝关节解剖对位;其中男11例,女7例;平均年龄41岁（19~61岁）;初次受伤至最终切开复位术平均间隔10个月（8~30个月）,术前后常规行X线及CT检查以评估骨折复位、踝关节解剖对位及骨折愈合情况,记录并发症发生情况,并应用美国骨科足踝外科协会（AOFAS）踝关节与后足功能评分、VAS疼痛评分及踝关节活动度来评估临床疗效。结果 共11例患者获随访,平均随访32个月（14~48个月）。术后经X光、CT评估,所有患者踝关节解剖对位较术前均有较明显的改善,且力线恢复良好;AOFAS踝关节与后足功能评分从术前平均40分提高到术后平均84分;VAS评分从术前平均5.3分改善到术后1.5分;踝关节活动度从术前平均15°提高到术后平均35°。结论 对于陈旧性后踝合并腓骨骨折畸形愈合患者,联合后路切开解剖复位后踝及腓骨骨折,重建踝关节解剖对位,可较好地复位踝关节解剖结构,并取得较好的疗效。     

预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用

目的探讨预置阻挡钉在治疗胫骨中下1/3螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折中的作用。方法回顾性分析2018年5月至2020年6月收治的24例胫骨中下1/3螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折患者临床资料。所有患者均采用预置阻挡钉技术,并进行髓内钉及空心钉内固定治疗。术后记录胫骨正位X线片上冠状面力线(胫骨远端外侧角)、膝关节疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、患肢踝关节背屈活动受限角度和美国矫形外科足踝协会(AOFAS)踝-后足评分评价疗效。结果所有患者均直接获得骨折端复位,未发生感染、内固定失败、骨折畸形愈合、创伤性关节炎等并发症。术后基于X线片测得的胫骨远端外侧角平均89.3°±4.2°,膝关节VAS评分平均(1.4±0.5)分,踝关节背屈活动受限平均6.8°±1.7°;AOFAS踝-后足评分平均(92.3±5.8)分,优良率为91.7%。结论预置阻挡钉可有效协助骨折复位,恢复下肢力线,联合髓内钉及空心钉内固定治疗胫骨中下1/3螺旋形骨折合并后踝骨折,可获得满意疗效。     

俯卧位下联合入路治疗Klammer Ⅲ型后Pilon骨折

目的探讨俯卧位下联合入路切开复位内固定治疗胫骨后Pilon骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年1月～2018年3月我科收治的25例胫骨后Pilon骨折患者的临床资料,按照俞光荣分型、Klammer分型均为Ⅲ型骨折,均合并腓骨骨折。根据合并腓骨骨折的位置、CT扫描示Die-punch骨块的大小及位置, 16例采用俯卧位下后外侧入路联合内踝后侧入路, 9例采用后内侧入路联合腓骨外侧入路行切开复位内固定。术后通过X线、CT扫描评估骨折复位、患肢功能及并发症发生情况,采用AOFAS踝-后足功能评分标准评价临床疗效。结果本组患者术后伤口均一期愈合,14～18 d拆线。术后X线、CT扫描显示:19例达到解剖复位,2例关节面移位约2 mm,4例关节面移位约1 mm;未出现伤口感染及神经血管损伤。25例患者平均随访15.6(12～20)月,骨折愈合时间平均14.8(12～18)周。1例出现屈■长肌挛缩;1例术后12月下地行走时踝周仍有肿胀伴有跖屈受限,久行不适,其余患者功能恢复良好,末次随访未出现骨折复位丢失及内固定物失效。末次随访AOFAS踝-后足功能评分平均89.3(78～98)分,其中优20例,良5例,优良率100%。结论俯卧位下联合入路切开复位内固定治疗胫骨后Pilon骨折,术中软组织牵拉容易,能够良好地显露以及直视下复位后踝及腓骨骨折,利于置入胫骨后方钢板,能够早期功能锻炼,可有效避免或减少术后关节僵硬及创伤性骨关节炎的发生。     

分期手术治疗复杂闭合 Pilon骨折

目的:探讨分期手术治疗复杂闭合Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2019年6月至2021年6月,采用分期手术治疗29例复杂闭合Pilon骨折的患者,其中男18例,女11例;年龄31~68 (43.50±6.62)岁;骨折按照Ruedi-Allgower分型,Ⅱ型7例,Ⅲ型22例。29例患者均为新鲜闭合骨折,且不合并距骨骨折、跟骨骨折等损伤。记录患者从受伤至闭合复位外固定时间、2次分期手术间隔时间、骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,并采用美国足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝与后足功能评分评价临床疗效,采用Burwell-Charnley系统进行放射学复位评价。结果:29例患者均获得随访,时间13~30(15.43±5.31)个月。术后所有骨折获得骨性愈合,愈合时间2~6(3.77±1.22)个月,未发现内固定断裂、螺钉松动、感染、内固定激惹、踝关节僵硬等并发症。受伤至闭合复位跨踝关节固定时间1.22~7.34 h,2次分期手术间隔5~9(5.98±2.11) d。术后12个月患侧踝关节AOFAS评分(90.10±10.11)分,与术前的(34.11±6.89)分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按照AOFAS踝关节评分,优16例,良9例,可4例。术后12个月采用Burwell-Charnley骨折复位放射学评价标准,15例解剖复位,12例良好复位,2例复位差。结论:采用分期手术治疗复杂闭合 Pilon骨折,具有并发症少、骨折复位满意、骨折固定牢固等优点,能够获得良好的踝关节功能恢复。     

分柱显露复位内固定治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折

目的探讨基于四柱理论分柱显露复位内固定治疗Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折的手术技巧与临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-07—2018-09诊治的20例Ruedi-AllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折,术前制定个体化治疗方案,术中基于四柱理论分柱显露、分柱复位、分柱固定骨折块。结果 20例均获得随访,随访时间平均9(8～12)个月。随访期间未出现骨折不愈合、内固定失败、创伤性关节炎。骨折愈合时间10～16周,平均12周。末次随访时所有患者疼痛VAS评分均在3分以下,疼痛VAS评分为1～3分,平均2分。末次随访时踝-后足AOFAS评分为72～93分,平均82分;其中17例AOFAS评分78分。结论通过制定个体化方案,基于四柱理论采用分柱显露、分柱复位、分柱固定手术治疗RuediAllgowerⅢ型Pilon骨折可取得较好的临床疗效,骨折复位固定满意,骨折愈合相对较快。     

踝关节有限切开结合微创内固定治疗胫骨Pilon骨折

目的探讨踝关节有限切开结合微创内固定疗胫骨Pilon骨折的效果。方法 2007年1月～2011年12月,闭合性胫骨Pilon骨折58例,按Rüedi-Allgwer分型：Ⅰ型24例,Ⅱ型21例,Ⅲ型13例。采用踝关节有限切开技术与微创内固定治疗。结果术后随访2～48个月,平均19.5月。按Mazur方法进行功能评分,优48例,良6例,可4例,优良率93%（54/58）。结论踝关节有限切开复位结合微创内固定效果良好,是治疗胫骨Pilon骨折的可选方法之一。     

Research Update on Stress Riser Fractures

Stress fractures are fatigue-induced fractures which are caused by repetitive force, often from overuse. They are well-established and frequently encountered in the field of orthopedics. Stress fractures occur in the bone because of low-bone strength and high chronic mechanical stress placed on the bone. Stress riser fractures are also stress fractures that occur because of the presence of cortical defects (holes), changes in stiffness, sharp corners, and cracks (fracture lines). Periprosthetic or peri-implant fractures are good examples of stress riser fractures that occur in regions where stress forces are higher than those in the surrounding material. Most stress riser fractures are related to technical errors (iatrogenic causes) and are difficult to manage. It is possible and more effective to prevent the creation of stress riser fractures through better surgical techniques. The proper terminology for stress fractures, stress riser fractures, periprosthetic fractures, peri-implant fractures, interprosthetic fractures, and interimplant fractures is discussed. This review of the current state of knowledge, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of stress riser fractures is based on clinical evidence and recent literature.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last ten years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of The National Hip Fracture Database, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus, we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

Management of hip fractures in the elderly

A fracture of the proximal femur (or hip fracture) is a devastating injury to an elderly patient. Nearly all patients require surgery as part of their treatment but their care necessitates complex multidisciplinary involvement. In the last few years there have been a number of initiatives to help improve care for this challenging patient group, as well as establishment of National Hip Fracture Databases, to allow us to audit the care provided. With this focus we have seen both mortality and length of stay decrease. The aim of this article is to summarize the current recommendations for patients who suffer a hip fracture.     

股骨近端骨折后对侧再次骨折

目的　阐述老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率、相关因素和临床特征 ,提高对二次骨折的认识和防范。方法　对 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 10月手术治疗的 4 76例股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆间骨折病例作回顾性分析 ,针对股骨近端骨折的骨折类型、再次对侧骨折的发生率、骨折时的年龄和性别分布、第一次骨折后再次发生对侧骨折的间隔时间、骨折时的合并症等内容进行研究和比较。结果　 4 76例股骨近端骨折中 ,2 6例为第二次发生的对侧骨折 ,老年性股骨颈和股骨粗隆间骨折后再次对侧股骨近端骨折的发生率为 5 5 % (2 6 / 4 76 )。股骨颈骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,6 8 8% (11/ 16 )的病例仍为股骨颈骨折 ;股骨粗隆间骨折后发生对侧的股骨近端骨折 ,90 0 % (9/ 10 )的病例仍然是股骨粗隆间骨折 ,第二次骨折类型往往同第一次相同。第二次骨折和第一次骨折的时间间隔平均为 2 7年 ,第 2～ 3年发生的占 4 2 3%。单侧和双侧骨折群的年龄和性别无明显差异。白内障、老年性痴呆、Parkinson病、脑血管障碍、脊髓灰质炎后遗症和慢性类风湿性关节炎等合并症的持有率双侧群明显高于单侧群。影响行走功能的合并疾病 ,是再次对侧股骨近端骨折的一个重要易患因素。结论　老年性股骨近端骨折后     

Trochanteric and Subtrochanteric Fractures: One Year Follow-up of a Prospective Study of Ender and McLaughlin Osteosynthesis

The clinical and social status of 110 patients with trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures was evaluated in a prospective and comparative study 1 year after Ender or McLaughlin osteosynthesis.

In both groups the mortality rate during the first year was 21 per cent. There were no significant differences between the two groups concerning pain, hip movement, walking ability or the social status of the patients. Of the 110 patients surviving the first year, 35 per cent were unable to walk, 20 per cent walked with a cane or crutches and 30 per cent had periodic pains in the hip or knee. About 20 per cent of the patients admitted from their own home now lived in nursing homes.     

严重Pilon骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨严重Pilon骨折的不同手术方法、手术时机及治疗效果。方法对1999年5月至2006年6月间46例严重Pilon骨折分别采用有限内固定、有限内固定结合外支架固定及三叶草钢板内固定等方法进行手术治疗。按AO分类方式，所有患者均为C型，C1型10例，C2型22例，C3型14例。开放性骨折11例。闭合性骨折35例。结果所有患者术后均获得8～48个月的随访，平均20个月。踝关节功能按Mazur评价，优21例，良12例，可8例，差5例。主要并发症包括2例皮肤坏死，2例皮肤软组织感染，1例骨感染。5例钉道感染。结论 严重Pilon骨折根据不同的骨折类型、软组织损伤程度及医疗条件选择不同的手术方式和手术时机，均可取得良好的治疗效果。     

Complex coronoid and proximal ulna fractures are we getting better at fixing these?

Technological advances and improved understanding of functional anatomy about the elbow have lead an evolution regarding operative reconstruction of complex proximal ulnar and coronoid fractures. When treating these complex and challenging fractures, goals of anatomic articular restoration along with balanced soft tissue stability can lead to early range of motion and thus, desired functional outcome. The purpose of this review is to outline and provide tips and pearls to achieve desired results, with a comprehensive update on the most recent literature to support the latest fixation methods and techniques.     

Unusual combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist: a case report

All perilunate fracture-dislocations combine ligament ruptures, bone avulsions, and fractures in a variety of clinical forms. The most frequent is the dorsal trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation. In rare cases, however, these dislocations also have been associated with capitate fractures, triquetral fractures, or lunate fracture. We report a combined scaphoid and lunate fracture of the wrist that was not associated with perilunate dislocation.     

Decision-making in burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine

The most common site of injury to the spine is the thoracolumbar junction which is the mechanical transition junction between the rigid thoracic and the more flexible lumbar spine. The lumbar spine is another site which is more prone to injury. Absence of stabilizing articulations with the ribs, lordotic posture and more sagitally oriented facet joints are the most obvious explanations. Burst fractures of the spine account for 14% of all spinal injuries. Though common, thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures present a number of important treatment challenges. There has been substantial controversy related to the indications for nonoperative or operative management of these fractures. Disagreement also exists regarding the choice of the surgical approach. A large number of thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures can be treated conservatively while some fractures require surgery. Selecting an appropriate surgical option requires an in-depth understanding of the different methods of decompression, stabilization and/or fusion. Anterior surgery has the advantage of the greatest degree of canal decompression and offers the benefit of limiting the number of motion segments fused. These advantages come at the added cost of increased time for the surgery and the related morbidity of the surgical approach. Posterior surgery enjoys the advantage of being more familiar to the operating surgeons and can be an effective approach. However, the limitations of this approach include inadequate decompression, recurrence of the deformity and implant failure. Though many of the principles are the same, the treatment of low lumbar burst fractures requires some additional consideration due to the difficulty of approaching this region anteriorly. Avoiding complications of these surgeries are another important aspect and can be achieved by following an algorithmic approach to patient assessment, proper radiological examination and precision in decision-making regarding management. A detailed understanding of the mechanism of injury and their unique biomechanical propensities following various forms of treatment can help the spinal surgeon manage such patients effectively and prevent devastating complications.