ISBAR交接模式结合优化分级转运对急诊介入手术病人安全转运的影响

目的:探讨ISBAR交接模式结合优化分级转运对急诊介入手术病人安全转运的影响。方法:选取2018年8月—2019年6月行急诊介入手术院内转运的80例病人为研究对象,按照转运时间分为对照组和观察组各40例,对照组采用常规转运,观察组采用ISBAR交接模式结合优化分级转运。比较两组病人转运不良事件发生率、交接问题发生率、转运交接时间及接收护士对院内转运的满意度。结果:观察组病人转运不良事件发生率、交接问题发生率低于对照组,转运交接时间短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组接收护士对院内转运的满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:急诊介入手术病人实施ISBAR交接模式结合优化分级转运能有效提升转运交接安全性,缩短交接时间,改善医护满意度。     

标准化分级转运单在危重症患者院内安全转运中的应用

目的探讨标准化分级转运单在急诊监护室危重症患者院内安全转运中的应用效果。方法将2017年1月至12月急诊监护室危重症院内转运患者217例设为对照组,将2018年1月至12月急诊监护室危重症院内转运患者228例设为试验组。对照组采用传统的转运方法及流程进行院内转运;试验组运用标准化分级转运单进行评估,根据评估结果安排对应转运医护人员及物资,确定转运时间。结果试验组患者转运至CT室、手术室、重症医学科以及普通病房的转运时间短于对照组,试验组患者不良事件发生率低于对照组,试验组患者对转运满意度高于对照组,两组比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论将标准化分级转运单应用于危重患者院内安全转运中,能有效缩短危重患者院内转运时间,降低转运不良事件,确保危重患者的安全转运,提高患者的满意度,值得进一步推广和应用。     

多学科合作的流程管理在急危重患者院内转运中的应用

目的探讨多学科合作的流程管理在急危重患者院内转运中的应用效果。方法选取本院2016年6月～2017年6月经急诊科进行院内转运的150例患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,各75例。对照组患者采取传统模式进行院内转运,观察组患者采取多学科合作流程管理模式进行院内转运,对2组的院内转运过程中护理缺陷的发生率及患者家属满意度进行比较。结果观察组患者发生护理缺陷比例及转运时间明显低于对照组,患者及家属满意度明显高于对照组(P0.05),差异均具有统计学意义。结论多学科合作流程管理应用于危重患者院内转运,可以保证院内转运任务更加规范、优质、高效的完成,提高了患者家属满意度,应用前景广阔,值得在临床推广。     

预见性护理在急诊科危重患者院内转运中的应用效果评价

目的:分析急诊科危重患者院内转运过程中采取预见性护理的应用效果。方法:选择本院2017年10月至2018年10月院内转运的80例急诊科危重患者作为本次研究的对象,以数字随机法将其分作两组,各组40例。其中,甲组采取常规护理方法,乙组采取预见性护理方法,对比两组患者的护理效果。结果:乙组患者家属满意度及接收科室满意度明显高于甲组;乙组患者转运途中意外事件发生率明显低于甲组,对比具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:针对急诊科危重患者院内转运采取预见性护理效果显著,不仅可以提高患者家属及接收科室的满意度,还可以对患者转运途中意外事件进行有效的控制。     

SHEL模式对急诊危重患者院内安全转运管理中规范行为及不良事件的影响

目的:探讨SHEL模式对急诊危重患者院内安全转运管理中规范行为和不良事件的影响。方法:选择2014年10月~2015年10月我院收治的急诊危重患者129例作为对照组,实施常规院内安全转运管理;选择2015年11月~2016年11月我院收治的急诊危重患者132例作为观察组,采用SHEL模式进行院内安全转运管理。对比分析两组患者转运行为规范性、转运意外发生情况和护理满意度情况。结果:观察组患者物品准备不完善、未通知目的科室、未约束患者、转运方式不合理和转运交接不清楚比例均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者呼吸困难、输液管脱落、供氧中断和设备仪器故障发生率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者护理满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:SHEL模式应用于急诊危重患者院内安全转运管理中具有较高的临床应用价值,能够明显改善转运行为规范性,降低转运意外发生率,提高护理满意度。     

JCI标准用于儿科危重症院内安全转运的研究

目的：探讨JCI标准用于儿科危重症院内安全转运的实施效果。方法选取2013年1月1日～2013年9月30日本院急诊科接诊并进行院内转运的危重患者600例为研究对象,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组各300例,其中对照组实行传统的转运方法,观察组则运用JCI标准以先进的管理理念实施转运前、转运中和转运后的护理干预,比较两组患者转运中并发症发生情况、护理纠纷例数及患者家属满意度有无差别。结果观察组转运并发症和护理纠纷发生率均低于对照组,观察组患者家属满意度高于对照组,两组比较差异均具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 JCI标准运用于儿科危重症院内转运可以保证危重患者院内转运的安全性,减少护理纠纷的发生,提高患者家属满意度。     

品管圈对提高急诊患者院内转运交接质量的影响研究

目的探讨品管圈对提高急诊危重患者院内转运交接工作安全性的影响。方法将2016年9—11月收治的100例入院患者设为对照组,实施常规院内交接;将2016年12月至2017年2月收治的100例患者设为观察组,运用品管圈管理对患者进行院内转运与交接,比较两组患者转运过程中不安全事件发生率。结果观察组转运交接过程中出现病情评估不及时、用物及病史资料交接不全等不安全事件发生率明显低于对照组(P 0. 05)。结论品管圈管理能有效提高急诊危重患者院内转运交接质量,降低转运不安全事件的发生率。     

无缝隙护理模式在院内转运急诊重度颅脑损伤病人中的应用

[目的]探讨无缝隙护理模式在院内转运急诊重度颅脑损伤病人中的应用效果。[方法]回顾性分析医院2013年2月—2015年3月200例急诊重度颅脑损伤病人临床资料,设为对照组,总结其院内转运发生不良事件的原因及潜在风险因素,建立新的院内转运急诊重度颅脑损伤无缝隙护理模式。选择医院2015年6月—2017年7月200例急诊重度颅脑损伤病人为观察组,给予无缝隙院内转运模式。对比两组病人转运过程中不良事件发生情况,转运时间、科室间交接时间及检查等待时间,纠纷发生率、交接护理记录单书写质量、接收科室满意度。[结果]观察组转运过程中不良事件发生率为1.5%低于对照组的8.0%(P0.05);观察组转运时间(10.32min±4.21min)、科室间交接时间(3.71min±0.48min)及检查等待时间(0.42min±0.18min)低于对照组的16.54min±5.73min、7.76min±1.29min、1.56min±0.25min(P0.05);观察组纠纷发生率为0.5%,低于对照组的7.0%(P0.05);观察组交接护理记录单书写合格率为97.5%,高于对照组的83.5%(P0.05);观察组转运科室满意度为98.0%,高于对照组的88.0%(P0.05)。[结论]院内转运急诊重度颅脑损伤病人中应用无缝隙护理模式可降低病人转运过程中不良事件发生率,节省转运时间、科室间交接时间及检查等待时间,降低纠纷发生率,提高交接护理记录单书写质量与接收科室满意度。     

改良版早期预警评分配合转运流程在危重症患儿院内转运中的应用

目的探讨改良版早期预警评分配合转运流程在急诊综合病房危重症患儿院内转运中的应用效果。方法选取2020年3月—2020年4月本院收治的需进行院内转运的226名急诊综合病房危重症患儿作为研究对象,按照时间先后进行分组,将3月收治的患儿作为对照组(采用常规的转运方式),将4月收治的患儿作为观察组(采用改良版早期预警评分配合转运流程),两组均113例,比较两组患儿的交接合格率、家属满意度以及不良事件发生情况。结果观察组患儿的交接合格率及家属满意度高于对照组,不良事件发生率低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论改良版早期预警评分系统配合转运流程能够有效提高患儿家属的满意度及交接合格率,减少转运过程中患儿的不良事件发生率。     

急危重症患者院内安全转运路径的实施探讨

目的探讨急危重症患者院内安全转运路径的应用效果。方法选取2014年609例急危重患者为对照组,采取常规方法转运;选取2015年759例急危重患者为实验组,建立院内安全转运路径,根据路径流程实施,流程包括转运前风险评估、转运人员选择、转运物品准备、家属与接收科室沟通,转运途中严密监测、加强沟通,转运后详细交接记录,比较2组不良事件发生率、接收科室满意率。结果比较2组不良事件发生率、接收科室满意率,实验组均优于对照组,差异有统计意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论实施急危重症患者院内安全转运路径能转变急诊科医护人员的观念,加强转运途中病情观察与监护,从而降低急危重症患者在转运过程中的风险,保证患者转运途中的安全,同时也提高科室满意率。     

现代残疾康复理念、政策与社区康复体系研究

本研究分析了当代残疾康复的理念和理论架构,构建了以国际公约、决议和政策、国内法律和政策以及操作性工具3个层次的康复理论体系;运用包容性发展,分析探讨了当代社区康复的体系和特点;就发展康复事业、为残疾人提供全面系统的康复服务提出相关的政策建议。     

Comparison of short-term and long-term protocols for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA of Leishmania, Trypanosoma, and Plasmodium

Molecular tools continue to be important in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. However, using these techniques directly in the field remains a major challenge. Therefore, the preservation of clinical samples collected from endemic field areas for later analysis remains an important preanalytical process. This study aimed at identifying a suitable protocol for stabilization and preservation of RNA and DNA in bioclinical specimens for Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium research. Both spiked and unspiked blood samples were preserved in 7 protocols (different media; storage temperatures). Samples were evaluated for possible degradation of DNA and RNA along the storage duration up to the 10th week. Nucleic acid targets were assessed as follows: (i) Trypanosoma and Plasmodium RNA analysis was done using real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (RT-NASBA) for 18S rRNA and for stage-specific Pfs25 mRNA, respectively; (ii) Trypanosoma DNA assessment analysis was conducted by using a conventional PCR for 18S rDNA; (iii) Leishmania RNA analysis was performed with a quantitative NASBA for 18S rRNA and Leishmania DNA assessment with an RT-PCR for 18S rDNA. Findings suggested that a newly developed L3™ buffer proved to be reliable and suitable for both short- and long-term preservation of parasite nucleic acid material. This buffer is envisaged to be suitable for utilization in field situations where resources are limited.     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.     

国内外唇腭裂专科护理发展现状的文献研究及分析

目的了解和分析国内唇腭裂专科护理工作发展的现状。方法检索并分析万方医学网、中国知网、Springer Link及PubMed英文数据库近6年有关唇腭裂手术的围术期护理、患儿的喂养、手术安全管理、围术期疼痛研究以及心理护理的相关文献。结果共检索出国内文献89篇(核心期刊20篇)、国外文献22篇,其中围术期护理38篇、患儿的喂养16篇、手术安全管理10篇、围术期疼痛研究10篇、心理护理15篇。结论与国外文献相比,国内论文总结和回顾性居多,应增加研究探讨性论文,从而促进唇腭裂临床护理工作专科化的发展。     

城乡学童个性行为特征调查

目的探讨农村与城市儿童的个性行为特征。方法将97名农村学龄儿童设为农村组,97名城市学龄儿童设为城市组,采用艾森克个性问卷一儿童版和Achenbach’s 行为量表一儿童版进行评定分析。结果两组学龄儿童艾森克个性问卷各维度评分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）,且与全国常模相一致（P均〉0．05）;农村组男学童Achenbach’s行为量表违纪行为、攻击行为及外向型因子分均显著高于城市组,女学童退缩、社交问题因子分均显著高于城市组（P〈0．05或0．01）,其他因子分均无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。结论农村与城市儿童个性无显著差异,而农村儿童存在较多的行为问题,可能与其所受教养和生活方式有关。     

我院文职护士管理和培训的实践与体会

目的构建文职护士培训、使用及管理的科学方法。方法通过规范管理、科学施训、作为骨干大胆任用等多种管理方式,使文职护士得到充分的发展。结果文职护士群体成长为医院优秀骨干,首批满3年的文职护士顺利通过续聘考核。结论科学的管理培训是文职护士成长的重要基石,对医院护理管理有着重要作用。     

糖尿病视网膜病变筛查与防治中存在的问题及对策

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)患者筛查和防治中存在的问题及对策。方法以76例糖尿病DR患者为对象,调查未能早期接受眼科诊治的原因。结果存在问题主要是患者对DR防治知识不了解、血糖控制不理想、内科医生未建议进行专科检查等。结论眼科医护人员应密切与糖尿病专科的联系,尽早对DM患者进行DR健康教育,并开展社区DR防治工作。     

罕见和未知基因型珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血的分析与鉴定

目的对珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(简称地贫)血液学表型阳性但未检出常见地贫基因型的疑似个体做进一步分子水平检测,以明确诊断。方法收集2015年5月至2018年8月在清远市妇幼保健院就诊的地贫血液学表型阳性但常见地贫基因型检测为阴性的标本96例(包括疑似α-地贫88例和β-地贫8例),分别采用单管多重PCR、DNA测序法、荧光定量PCR和芯片捕获测序法检测罕见和未知缺失型地贫基因。结果从上述疑似α-地贫标本中共检出罕见α-地贫基因型17例,其中泰国缺失型(--^THAI/αα)5例,菲律宾缺失型(--^FIL/αα)2例,α^ΔCD303例,α珠蛋白基因拷贝数增加(ααα^anti3.7或ααα^anti4.2)5例,并且发现2例新的α-地贫突变,即α^ΔCD272-279delAGCTTCGG和CD167-169insT。在8例β-地贫特征个体中检出罕见β-地贫基因型Poly A(A>G)2例,-90(C>T)3例,CD37(TGG>TAG)1例,IVS-I-2(T>A)1例,另外还鉴定出1例新的缺失型β-地贫基因(缺失位置为ch11:5,246,000-5,250,500,缺失长度为4kb左右)。结论对未检出常见地贫突变但血液学表型阳性个体进行深度分析,既可提高地贫基因的检出率,有利于遗传咨询和产前诊断,又可能发现新的地贫突变,丰富了中国人群的地贫基因突变谱。     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

History of violence and subjective health of mother and child

Objective: To study the self-reported prevalence of experienced violence among a cohort of women about two years after giving birth, their health during pregnancy, pregnancy outcomes and their experience of their child’s health.

Setting and subjects: In 2011, a total of 657 women participated in phase III of the Childbirth and Health Cohort Study in Icelandic Primary Health Care, 18 to 24 months after delivery. The women had previously participated in phase I around pregnancy week 16 and phase II 5–6 months after delivery. Data were collected by postal questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Women’s reported history of experienced violence, sociodemographic and obstetric background, self-perceived health, the use of medications and their child’s perceived health.

Results: In phase III, 16% of women reported experiencing violence. These women felt less support from their current partner (p?p?p?p?p?p?=?0.008).

Conclusions: Our study confirms that a history of violence is common among women. A history of violence is associated with various maternal health problems during and after pregnancy, a higher rate of caesarean sections and maternal reports of health problems in their child 18–24 months after birth.

• KEY POINTS

• Violence is a major concern worldwide. Understanding the impact of violence on human health and developing effective preventive measures are important elements of any public health agenda.

• ??The reported prevalence of experiencing violence was 16% among women attending antenatal care in the primary health care setting in Iceland.

• ??Women with a history of violence reported worse health in general during pregnancy and delivered more often by caesarean section, compared to women with no such history.

• ??Mothers with a history of violence also evaluated the general health of their child as worse than women with no such history.

• ??The findings of this study support the importance of recognizing and addressing experienced violence among women in primary care.