脑瘫儿童功能独立与适应行为的相关性研究

本研究采用儿童功能独立评测法（ＷｅｅＦＩＭ）和中国版儿童适应行为量表（ＣＡＢＳ）对脑瘫儿童进行评估，探讨脑瘫儿童功能独立与适应行为之间的相关性。初期测评选１８名脑瘫儿童。统计结果显示ＷｅｅＦＩＭ运动类各项与适应行为中的运动独立因子呈正相关，ｒ＝０．５７２５～０．７１４６；认知类各项与适应行为三因子呈正相关，ｒ＝０．５３１０～０．７８７３。ＷｅｅＦＩＭ总分与适应行为的发育商数呈正相关，ｒ＝０．７０５３。初步研究表明脑瘫儿童功能独立测量与适应行为测量有较高的相关性，各项与适应行为三因子均有不同程度的相关，能反映脑瘫儿童的功能状态，由于ＷｅｅＦＩＭ以等级量化的形式表示，较简单和易于掌握，为今后脑瘫康复功能评估提供了一种实用的方法。     

选择性脊神经后根切断术前的医疗康复残疾测量初探

目的：探讨选择性脊神经后根切断术（ＳＰＲ）术前的医疗康复残疾测量和功能预后预测。方法：使用儿童功能独立检查（ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔＭｅａｓｕｒｅｆｏｒＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ,简称ＷｅｅＦＩＭ）和临床神经肌肉系统障碍程度分级的方法评定２３例痉挛性脑瘫（ＳｐａｓｔｉｃＣｅｒｅｂｒａｌＰａｌｓｙ,ＳＣＰ）患者的功能状态。结果：各年龄组ＷｅｅＦＩＭ总分、行动和步行等与障碍程度的排序是一致的,结论：ＷｅｅＦＩＭ可作为基本的功能预后预测指标为ＳＰＲ手术及手术前后康复治疗方案的制定提供依据。     

《美国物理医学与康复杂志》目录的中英文对照

科研论文偏瘫患者的足庶骨骨盐密度ＢｏｎｅＭｉｎｅｒａｌＤｅｎｓｉｔｙｏｆＭｅｔａｔａｒｓｕｓｉｎＨｅｍｉｐｌｅｇｉａＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｓ儿童功能独立性检测（ＷｅｅＦＩＭＴＭ）ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅＭｅａｓｕｒｅｆｏｒＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎＢａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌＩｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅＭｅａｓｕｒｅｆｏｒＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎ（ＷｅｅＦＩＭＴＭ）腕部正中神经病变时感觉性与混合性神经活动潜在性暂时性放散ＳｅｎｓｏｒｙａｎｄＭｉｘｅｄＮｅｒｖｅＡｃｔｉｏｎＰｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌＴｅ…     

急性心肌梗塞患者钠泵与内源性洋地黄因子的变化

急性心肌梗塞患者钠泵与内源性洋地黄因子的变化郝玉明乔丽敏齐华阁李星海急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）时内源性洋地黄因子（ＥＤＦ）会增加〔１〕。我们对３０例ＡＭＩ患者同时测定钠泵活性（ＳＰＡ）和ＥＤＦ，并对二者进行了相关性研究。报道如下。１资料与方法１．１病例选...     

功能独立性评测的信度与效度的初步研究

目的在本国的文化背景下，研究功能独立性评测（ｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｃｅｍｅａｓｕｒｅ，ＦＩＭ）的重测信度与构想效度。方法使用ＦＩＭ、Ｂａｒｔｈｅｌｉｎｄｅｘ（ＢＩ）、ＰＵＬＳＥＳＡＤＬ功能评定量表（ＰＵＬＳＥＳ）、运动评估量表（ｍｏｔｏｒａｓｅｓｍｅｎｔｓｃａｌｅ，ＭＡＳ）、残疾分级量表（ｄｉｓａｂｉｌｉｔｙｒａｔｉｎｇｓｃａｌｅ，ＤＲＳ），对６８例患者（脑卒中３３例、脑外伤３０例、脊髓损伤５例）的残疾进行评定，对１８例患者（脑卒中６例、脑外伤７例、脊髓损伤５例）使用ＦＩＭ作了重复测定，同时收集相关资料如年龄、合并症、性别等。结果ＦＩＭ的重测信度高（ｒ＞０．９６，Ｐ＜０．０５）。ＦＩＭ与ＢＩ、ＭＡＳ、ＰＵＬＳＥＳ高度相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），与ＤＲＳ无关（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论在我国的文化背景下ＦＩＭ的重测信度与构想效度高，可以在我国推广使用。     

急性心肌梗死患者脂蛋白(a)和凝血纤溶活性的关系以及尿激酶溶栓治疗对其影响

观察急性心肌梗死患者脂蛋白的（ａ）「ＬＰ（ａ）」与凝血和纤溶功能的关系以及尿激酶溶栓治疗对其影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法检测２０例ＡＭＩ、３０例稳定型心绞痛、８例不稳定型心绞痛患者和２０例健康人以及ＡＭＩ溶栓后的血清ＬＰ（ａ）、血浆Ｄ－二聚体（ＤＤ）纤维蛋白单体（ＦＭ）和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂浓度。结果ＡＭＩ、ＵＡＰ和ＳＡＰ患者的ＬＰ（ａ）、ＤＤ和ＦＭ较对照组明显增高,而ｔ－ＰＡ明显降低（     

声学定量硝酸异山梨醇酯试验预测冠心病患者择期经皮冠脉腔内成形术后左心功能

目的　检验声学定量－ 硝酸异山梨醇酯试验（ ＡＱＩＳＤＮ） 能否在术前预测择期经皮冠脉腔内成形术（ＰＴＣＡ） 后心功能。方法　随机对择期ＰＴＣＡ ３０ 例患者在介入前应用声学定量技术（ ＡＱ） 测定经口吸入硝酸异山梨醇酯（ＩＳＤＮ）２ ．５ ｍ ｇ 之前及吸入后５ ｍｉｎ 的左心功能参数的改变。并与介入后ＡＱ 左心功能测值相对照。结果　介入前吸入ＩＳＤＮ 后５ ｍｉｎ 峰值射血率（ＰＥＲ） 的改变与介入后ＰＥＲ 的改变相关,相关系数ｒ ＝ ０ ．７２（Ｐ ＝ ０ ．００１） ;也与介入后峰值充盈率（ＰＦＲ） 的改变相关,相关系数ｒ ＝ ０ ．５６（ Ｐ ＝ ０ ．００１） 。回归分析介入后ＰＦＲ值,能由介入前ＡＱＩＳＤＮ 的ＰＥＲ、ＰＦＲ 值代入公式推算：ＰＦＲ ＝ ＰＦＲ１ － ０ ．０８ ＋ ０ ．９０ ×（ ＰＥＲ２ － ＰＥＲ１） 。其中ＰＦＲ 为介入后预测值,ＰＥＲ１ 、ＰＦＲ１ 为静息时测值,ＰＥＲ２ 为吸入ＩＳＤＮ 后５ ｍｉｎ 时的测值（ 单位：ＥＤＶ／Ｓ,Ｓｉｇ ＝０ ．００１４） 。把ＡＱＩＳＤＮ 吸入后５ ｍｉｎ 的ＰＥＲ 大于等于吸入前和小于吸入前作为预测介入后心功能改善和恶化的标准,预测结果与实测值对比,本标准对介入后ＥＦ、ＰＦＲ、ＰＥＲ 的     

颅脑损伤患者血清和脑脊液中髓鞘碱性蛋白含量变化及其意义

目的：探讨颅脑损伤患者血清和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ）含量变化及其与脑损伤的关系。方法：应用５１４ＭＣ酶标仪，采用酶联免疫吸附法分别测定弥漫性轴索损伤（ＤＡＩ）、颅内血肿（ＩＣＨ）和硬膜外血肿（ＥＤＨ）共６０例颅脑损伤患者（病例组）的血清和ＣＳＦ中ＭＢＰ含量，并与同期腰椎麻醉手术的２０例非脑损伤患者（对照组）作对比。结果：病例组患者血清和ＣＳＦ中ＭＢＰ含量均高于对照组；ＤＡＩ组ＣＳＦ中ＭＢＰ含量与ＩＣＨ组间无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５），但２组间血清ＭＢＰ含量差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）；ＥＤＨ组ＣＳＦ和血清ＭＢＰ含量均低于ＤＡＩ组和ＩＣＨ组（Ｐ均＜０．０１），但稍高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：重型颅脑损伤患者血清和ＣＳＦ中ＭＢＰ含量增高，其上升水平与脑损伤类型及损伤程度有关。     

颅脑损伤患者血清和脑脊液中髓鞘碱性蛋白含量变化及其 …

目的：探讨颅脑损伤患者血清和脑脊液（ＣＳＦ）中髓鞘碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ）含量变化及其与脑损伤的关系。方法：应用５１４ＭＣ酶标仪，采用酶联免疫吸队法分别测定弥漫性轴索损伤（ＤＡＩ）颅内血肿（ＩＣＨ）和硬膜外血肿（ＥＤＨ）共６０例颅脑损伤患者（病例组）的血清和ＣＳＦ中ＭＢＰ含量，并与同期腰椎麻醉手术的２０例非脑损伤患者（对照组）作对比。结果：病例组患者血清和ＣＳＦ和ＭＢＰ含量均高于对照组；ＤＡＩ组ＣＳＦ中     

适应行为量表在脑瘫评估中的应用

将儿童适应行为评定量表应用于脑性瘫痪（ＣＰ）患儿的功能评估中，并将ＣＰ患儿按现有临床分级标准分为轻度、中度、重度三级，计算其与适应商数（ＡＤＱ）之间的相关性，统计表明临床分级与ＡＤＱ之间有高度相关性（ｒ＝０．９２），与独立、认知和社会／自制三个因子量表分之间亦有显著相关性。说明ＡＤＱ能可靠地反映ＣＰ患儿的功能情况，是有效的评估工具。同时，它能排除年龄因素的影响，有利于更客观地进行横向对比和康复前后     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.     

自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用

目的 探讨自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊科社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者诊断中的价值.方法 根据病史、肺功能测定结果、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断标准,将111例CAP患者分为单纯CAP组(56例)和COPD合并CAP组[即慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)组,55例].询问患者病史后即刻抽取动脉血测血气并进行自动化酸碱平衡图分析.结果 血气分析结果显示,AECOPD组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2,kPa)、HCO3- (mmol/L)、剩余碱(BE,mmol/L)均显著高于CAP组(PaCO2:7.714±2.414比5.896±1.308,HCO3-:30.767±7.185比25.014±3.043,BE:4.345±5.371比-0.354±3.180,均P＜0.01).自动化酸碱平衡图分析结果显示,AECOPD组患者酸碱平衡紊乱高达89.1％,CAP组为66.1％.将AECOPD组和CAP组患者中正常(10.9％、33.9％)、急性呼吸性酸中毒(急性呼酸,12.7％、14.3％)、慢性呼吸性酸中毒(慢性呼酸,49.1％、10.7％)、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,7.3％、14.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸,12.7％、17.9％)、代谢性碱中毒(代碱,12.7％、8.9％)综合进行x2分析,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.421,P=0.001),而将正常、急性呼酸、呼碱、代酸及代碱进行x2分析,差异无统计学意义(x2=5.280,P=0.260),提示AECOPD患者慢性呼酸的发生率较单纯CAP患者显著增加.结论 自动化酸碱平衡图能帮助急诊科医师快速识别CAP患者是否存在多重酸碱平衡紊乱,并可快速识别急、慢性呼吸系统疾病.