脊髓损伤患者泌尿系管理与临床康复指南

1概述1.1指南制定的意义与方法脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)是世界各国的高发病患之一,外伤性、医源性或血管源性等原因皆可导致脊髓损伤,呈现出高发生率、高致残率、高耗费、青壮年患者居多的特点。据美国脊髓损伤学会统计,2000年美国脊髓损伤发病率为30~35/100万,四肢全瘫占67%,其中60%患者小于30岁,70%患者小于40岁,脊髓损伤后人均医疗费用为每年40341美元。     

脊髓蛛网膜下腔出血误诊2例分析

脊髓蛛网膜下腔出血(spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage)是指软脊膜或脊髓表面血管破裂出血直接流入脊髓蛛网膜下腔,本病较为少见,不足全部蛛网膜下腔出血(subarach-noid hem-orrhage,SAH)病例的1%[1]。现对脊髓蛛网膜下腔出血误诊2例分析如下。1病历摘要例1:男,67岁。因剧烈背痛1h入住心内科。既往有高血压病、冠心病病史。入院查体:BP 170/110 mm Hg,神清     

抑制脊髓内NF-κB/p65对骨性关节炎后期产生的痛觉过敏的影响

目的:研究核转录因子kappa B/p65(nuclear factor-kappa B/p65,NF-κB/p65)在骨性关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)导致的痛觉敏感中的作用。方法:6~8周SD雌性大鼠,体重250~300 g,随机分为生理盐水对照组、骨性关节炎模型组和鞘内给予NF-κB阻滞剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸酯(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate,PDTC)模型组(n=30),并于造模前1天和造模后7、14、21、28天测定大鼠的机械痛阈,测定完成后处死大鼠,采用Western blotting的方法检测NF-κB/p65在各组大鼠脊髓内的表达情况。结果:模型组大鼠脊髓内NF-κB/p65的表达量较对照组明显增加,大鼠机械痛阈的变化趋势与其相一致;与模型组相比,在大鼠骨性关节炎后期鞘内注射PDTC能够明显改善机械痛敏。结论:NF-κB/p65在骨性关节炎大鼠脊髓内表达量显著增加,抑制脊髓内NF-κB/p65的表达能明显改善骨性关节炎大鼠的机械痛敏。     

非创伤性脊髓传导速度测定在脊髓病变诊断中的应用

目的:为使脊髓疾病的诊断在电生理方面有更加充实的依据,探讨脊髓传导速度(spinalcordconductionvelocity,SCCV)的非创伤性测量方法(表面电极法)在脊髓疾病诊断中的临床价值。方法:对1997/2003大连友谊医院神经内科住院确诊脊髓病变患者57例进行非创伤性脊髓传导速度测定,采用表面电极法,记录T2～L4间8个刺激点皮质电位的潜伏期,以潜伏期差值和距离计算T2～T12,T12～L4以及T2～L4的传导速度,对其结果进行分析。结果:①脊髓全切组11例,SCCV异常率100%;脊髓半切组46例,SC-CV异常率59%(27/46)。两者比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=6.815,P<0.01)。②不同脊髓疾病之间SCCV异常率比较:脊髓炎组92%,多发性硬化组78%,脊髓肿瘤组67%,椎管狭窄组46%,脊髓血管病组50%,脊髓创伤组25%,结果显示脊髓炎组与椎管狭窄组之间差异有显著性意义(χ2=6.331,P<0.05),脊髓炎组与脊髓外伤组相比差异有显著性意义(χ2=7.702,P<0.01),其他各组之间比较异常率差异无显著性意义。结论:非创伤性(表面电极法)SCCV测定无创、安全、患者易于接受,本研究显示此法阳性率高,同临床病损程度相一致,对脊髓疾病的诊断有辅助作用。     

中药脊髓康抗脊髓损伤作用实验

目的:观察中药脊髓康对实验性脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能恢复的影响,了解其作用是否有剂量依赖性,并与地塞米松进行阳性对照。方法:取SD大鼠60只随机分为6组(n=10)。①给药:地塞米松组大鼠灌胃给予地塞米松0.6g/kg;脊髓康12.5,25,50g/kg组灌胃脊髓康(由黄芪、当归尾、赤芍、地龙、川芎、桃仁、红花等组成,生药10.3g/g浸膏)12.5,25,50g/kg;假手术组和模型组给予等量的生理盐水。给药体积均为20mL/kg,连续给药5d。②造模:于末次给药后30min,用AllenWD法打击大鼠T9～l0造成大鼠脊髓中度损伤(10g×25mm),假手术组不打击。③各组大鼠分别于术后1,3,7,14d进行爬板试验并采用改良的Tarlov标准进行肌力测定,以术前肌张力为5分;测定后进行大鼠脊髓病理组织学检查。结果:60只大鼠全部进入结果分析。①爬板实验:脊髓康3个剂量组大鼠从第7天爬坡能力开始恢复,7,14d与模型组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。地塞米松组大鼠从第3天开始恢复。②双后肢肌力:脊髓康3个剂量组和地塞米松组大鼠从第3天开始恢复,3,7,14d与模型组比较有明显差异(P<0.05)。③病理检查结果:地塞米松组与脊髓康50g/kg组大鼠脊髓组织出血、坏死程度较轻,各种病理变化较轻,边缘粘连不明显。结论:①12.5～50g/kg脊髓康均能促进脊髓损伤大鼠神经功能的恢复。②50g/kg脊髓康能防止脊髓损伤的继发性改变,促进脊髓组织的恢复,促进神经组织的再生。其效果与地塞米松相似。     

经静脉移植间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤鼠体内的迁移

目的:观察67Ga-Oxine标记间充质干细胞的可行性,检测经静脉移植的间充质干细胞在脊髓损伤鼠体内的迁移和分布。方法:实验于2004-01/2005-01在北京大学干细胞研究中心完成。①从人脐带血分离培养间充质干细胞,体外进行67Ga-Oxine和Hoechst33342标记。②SD大鼠40只随机分为两组,实验组(脊髓损伤大鼠20只)和对照组(正常大鼠20只)均经尾静脉注射相同标记细胞悬液。③分别于1d和1周后取材,新鲜组织(脊髓、肺、肝、脾、肾、骨髓、静脉血)称湿重后伽玛计数仪检测其放射性,计算肺、肝、脾、肾、骨髓分别与静脉血单位质量放射性计数的比值,两组比较分析;实验组损伤脊髓和对照组相同部位脊髓分别与其临近正常脊髓放射性计数的比值之间比较。相应组织做冷冻切片(包括骨髓涂片),荧光显微镜观察Hoechst33342标记细胞在各组织内的分布。结果:40只SD大鼠全部进入结果分析。①体外间充质干细胞的67Ga-Oxine标记率为82.5%,放射活性为15.26MBq/106细胞,标记48h后细胞存活率>95%。②移植1d和1周后肺、肝、脾、肾、骨髓与静脉血单位质量放射性计数的比值,实验组与对照组对比差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。实验组损伤脊髓和对照组相同部位脊髓分别与其临近正常脊髓放射性计数的比值之间比较,1d后差异无显著性(P>0.05),1周后实验组明显高于对照组(1.441±0.038,1.003±0.022,P<0.01)。③相应组织连续冷冻切片荧光显微镜观察显示移植初期Hoechst33342标记细胞主要集中于肺部,而后在肝、脾、骨髓逐渐增加可持续到1周后。移植1d后脊髓未见明显标记细胞,1周后实验组损伤脊髓部位标记细胞明显增加并相对聚集于灰质。结论:间充质干细胞可在体外应用67Ga-Oxine成功标记,为核素显像示踪移植间充质干细胞的相关研究提供了依据。经静脉移植的间充质干细胞可以迁移到损伤脊髓,为应用间充质干细胞移植治疗脊髓损伤提供了一种可能的无创性移植方法。     

脊髓损伤亚急性期移植神经干细胞：损伤脊髓5-羟色胺的表达

背景：5-羟色胺能纤维可以作为评价脊髓损伤后再生的指标之一。目的：观察神经干细胞在脊髓损伤的亚急性期（第7天）脊髓内移植对大鼠受损伤脊髓再生修复的影响。方法：将正常成年SD雌性大鼠分为3组,单纯脊髓全横断组、假手术组（仅仅打开椎板,但不横断脊髓）、神经干细胞移植组。神经干细胞移植组在脊髓全横断后第7天时进行神经干细胞移植,其他两组不移植神经干细胞。结果与结论：神经干细胞移植组瘢痕上1至2节段5-羟色胺的阳性纤维数量多于单纯脊髓全横断组。提示神经干细胞亚急性期移植能部分促进脊髓损伤后脊髓神经的再生。     

Her-2和Ki67在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达和临床意义分析

目的：探讨人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达情况及临床意义。方法：选择2018年6月~2019年4月经手术切除的浸润性乳腺癌组织65例及其距癌组织5 cm以上的癌旁正常乳腺组织,采用免疫组织化学法检测人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67表达,分析人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达情况,探讨人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67与浸润性乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系及二者相关性。结果：浸润性乳腺癌组织中人类表皮生长因子受体-2阳性表达率（58.46%,38/65）、Ki67阳性表达率（64.62%,42/65）,高于癌旁正常乳腺组织人类表皮生长因子受体-2阳性表达率（0.00%,0/65）、Ki67阳性表达率（0.00%,0/65）（P＜0.05）;人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达与TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关（P＜0.05）,与年龄、肿瘤直径无关（P＞0.05）;人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达呈明显正相关（r= 0.369,P＜0.05）。结论：人类表皮生长因子受体-2和Ki67表达与浸润性乳腺癌TNM分期、淋巴结转移相关,且二者呈明显正相关,联合检测能够为患者预后判断提供科学依据。     

阻断BDNF-TrkB信号通路后运动训练对脊髓损伤后大鼠痉挛状态及腰髓内GAD65表达的影响

目的:探讨阻断脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)-酪氨酸激酶受体B(tropomyosinrelated kinase B,Trk B)信号通路后运动训练对脊髓损伤(spinal cord injury,SCI)大鼠后肢痉挛以及腰髓内谷氨酸脱羧酶65(glutamic acid decarboxylase 65,GAD65)表达的影响。方法:将60只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、损伤+磷酸盐缓冲液组(Sed-PBS组)、运动+磷酸盐缓冲液组(TT-PBS组)、损伤+Trk B阻滞剂组(Sed-Trk B/Fc组)以及运动+Trk B阻滞剂组(TT-Trk B/Fc组)。采用改良Allen撞击法建立T10不完全脊髓损伤后痉挛模型,在SCI后第7天,于Sed-Trk B/Fc组和TT-Trk B/Fc组植入灌有Trk B阻滞剂(Trk B/Fc)的Alzet渗透压泵,其余三组渗透压泵中则注入0.01M磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate-buffered saline,PBS)进行对照。SCI后第8天,TT-PBS组和TT-Trk B/Fc组进行减重平板训练(treadmill training),每周使用H反射的H_(max)/M_(max)比值对术后大鼠后肢的痉挛状态进行评估,于术后5周采用Western Blot和免疫组化技术检测各组大鼠损伤远段脊髓GAD65的表达情况,并对大鼠小腿三头肌H_(max)/M_(max)比值与脊髓前角GAD65相对表达量之间的相关性进行分析。结果:术后,除假手术组外,其余4组大鼠后肢痉挛程度均逐渐加重。从第3周开始,与Sed-PBS组、Sed-Trk B/Fc组和TT-Trk B/Fc组相比,TT-PBS组H_(max)/M_(max)比值明显降低(P0.05);在术后第4—5周,TT-Trk B/Fc组比值也有下降(P0.05)。5组大鼠GAD65免疫组化和Western Blot结果显示,各组GAD65的相对蛋白含量均低于假手术组(P0.05),但TT-PBS组明显多于除Sham组外的其他3组(P0.05);TT-Trk B/Fc组GAD65的相对蛋白表达量与SedPBS组和Sed-Trk B/Fc组相比也有所增加(P0.05)。相关性分析显示,SCI后第35天,大鼠小腿三头肌H_(max)/M_(max)比值与脊髓前角GAD65相对表达量之间呈负相关(P0.001)。结论:运动训练可以改善SCI后的痉挛状态,而阻断BDNF-Trk B信号通路可抑制运动训练对不完全性SCI大鼠后肢痉挛的缓解和损伤远段脊髓GAD65表达的促进作用,且SCI后的痉挛状态的改善可能与脊髓前角GAD65相对表达量相关。     

脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓及泌尿生殖道caspase-3和nNOS表达的改变

目的：观察SD大鼠脊髓损伤后脊髓及泌尿生殖道凋亡促进因子半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）和一氧化氮合成酶（nNOS）表达的改变。方法： 成年雄性SD大鼠16只,随机分为对照组（n=8）和脊髓损伤组（n=8）;脊髓损伤组采用改良的重物坠落法（Allen法）制作大鼠T9-T10脊髓节段不完全损伤模型。分别行caspase-3免疫组化及nNOS免疫组化染色,用半定量方法评价正常及脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓、膀胱壁及阴茎组织表达caspase-3和nNOS的改变情况。结果：脊髓损伤后大鼠脊髓内nNOS和caspase-3均表达增强（P<0.001）,而膀胱壁及阴茎组织内caspase-3表达增强（P<0.001）,nNOS表达减弱（P<0.001）。结论：脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓及泌尿生殖道表达caspase-3和nNOS发生了改变,但并非同步,机制各有不同。     

Central Endothelin-1 Confers Analgesia by Triggering Spinal Neuronal Histone Deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) Nuclear Exclusion in Peripheral Neuropathic Pain in Mice

The rationale of spinal administration of endothelin-1(ET-1) mediated anti-nociceptive effect has not been elucidated. ET-1 is reported to promote nuclear effluxion of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in myocytes, and spinal HDAC5 is implicated in modulation of pain processing. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether central ET-1 plays an anti-nociceptive role by facilitating spinal HDAC5 nuclear shuttling under neuropathic pain. Here, we demonstrate that upregulating spinal ET-1 attenuated the nociception induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation surgery and this analgesic effect mediated by ET-1 was attenuated by intrathecal injection of endothelin A receptor selective inhibitor (BQ123) or by blocking the exportation of nuclear HDAC5 by adeno-associated viruses targeting neuronal HDAC5 (AVV-HDAC5 S259/498A Mutant). Notably, ET-1 administration increased spinal glutamate acid decarboxylases (GAD65/67) expression via initiating HDAC5 nuclear exportation and increased the acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (Acetyl-H3K9) in the promotor regions of spinal Gad1 and Gad2 genes. This was reversed by blocking endothelin A receptor function or by inhibiting the spinal neuronal nuclear exportation of HDAC5. Therefore, inducing spinal GABAergic neuronal HDAC5 nuclear exportation may be a novel therapeutic approach for managing neuropathic pain.PerspectiveNeuropathic pain is intractable in a clinical setting, and epigenetic regulation is considered to contribute to this processing. Characterizing the anti-nociceptive effect of ET-1 and investigating the associated epigenetic mechanisms in animal models may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and targets for treating neuropathic pain.     

198例四川地震中脊柱脊髓损伤的临床分析

目的分析四川地震脊柱脊髓损伤类型构成情况及临床特点。方法将198例伤员按照年龄段分为4组,收集骨折类型、神经损害程度、复合伤及多个部位脊柱骨折的数据,分析其临床特点。结果骨折类型以压缩骨折最多见(占49.3%),其次是爆裂骨折(占45.9%)。198例伤员中,脊髓损伤105例,ASIA分级：A级20例,B级18例,C级25例,D级42例。发生复合伤41例。发生多个椎体损伤的部位以T₁₂、L₁、L₂最多见。结论四川地震脊柱损伤类型以压缩骨折和爆裂骨折为主,主要集中在18～65岁年龄段,脊髓损伤占脊柱损伤的53.03%。     

脊柱结核的围手术期护理

目的探讨脊柱结核患者围手术期护理特点，采取相应的护理措施促进患者的早期康复。方法对2002年9月至2006年5月我科收住的152例脊柱结核患者的临床特点进行分析，其中，颈椎结核15例，胸椎结核67例，胸腰段结核17例，腰骶椎结核53例，男性89例，女性63例，年龄自21岁-77岁，针对不同的患者采取不同的术前术后护理措施，加强术后康复训练。结果所有住院的脊柱结核患者均取得了较好的临床疗效，对护理工作的满意率达100％。结论针对不同的脊柱结核患者采取不同的围手术期护理对于患者的顺利康复起着重要的作用。     

重复经颅磁刺激对截瘫后脊髓兴奋性作用的实验研究

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激对脊髓损伤大鼠脊髓兴奋性的影响并探讨其机制。方法利用重物撞击法制备成年SD大鼠T10脊髓损伤模型，造模8周后脊髓损伤磁刺激组给予0．5Hz阈上强度经颅定位磁刺激，每天500个脉冲，共4周。另设脊髓损伤组及正常对照组。各组大鼠不同时点行后肢F波检测，观察F与M波幅比值；免疫组化法观察5-羟色胺（5-HT）在脊髓损伤区头尾端的变化情况。结果脊髓损伤后8周F波幅增高，M波幅恒定，与正常对照组比较，F／M波幅比值明显升高（P〈0．01）；磁刺激后，F／M波幅比值降低，与脊髓损伤组比较有非常显著性差异（P〈0．01）；脊髓损伤8周时，损伤头、尾端5-HT密度明显降低（P〈0．01）；磁刺激后，损伤头、尾端表达均明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论重复经颅磁刺激可以降低慢性下胸段脊髓不全损伤大鼠脊髓兴奋性，其机制可能与通过残存5-HT能下行传导束增加递质分泌，改善脊髓上位中枢对脊髓损伤尾端的控制有关。     

Spinal muscular atrophy type 1 quality of life

OBJECTIVE: To compare healthcare professionals' assessment of the quality of life of spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children with that of the care providers for the children. DESIGN: The care providers of all 53 surviving spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children managed in one neuromuscular disease clinic were sent Likert-scale surveys of six quality of life issues and ten polar-adjective pairs. The quality of life estimations were compared with those of 67 clinicians and with those of 30 parents considering their unaffected children. RESULTS: One hundred care providers from 46 out of the 53 families (87%) responded. Although the clinicians' mean estimate of the children's quality of life was 2.85 +/- 0.2/10, the care providers' estimate was 7.81 +/- 0.2/10 (P < 0.0001). The care providers also found life with the children to be satisfying (6.0 +/- 0.2/7), interesting (6.6 +/- 0.1/7), friendly (6.1 +/- 0.1/7), enjoyable (6.3 +/- 0.1/7), worthwhile (6.7 +/- 0.1/7), full (6.6 +/- 0.1/7), hopeful (5.9 +/- 0.2/7), and rewarding (6.4 +/- 0.1/7), and they estimated the children to be happy (8.5 +/- 0.2/10) and their lives worth living (9.6 +/- 0.1/10). However, 69 of 104 felt that their lives were hard rather than easy, and 56 of 104 reported feeling tied down rather than free. Although the effort they felt for raising the child was high (8.3 +/- 0.3 by comparison with 5 for an unaffected child), the burden they felt in doing so was not (5.8 +/- 0.3/5). When asked whether they would or would not recommend ventilator use, 31 clinicians (45.5%) indicated they would, 24 (36.4%) would not, and 12 (18.2%) chose not to respond to this question. Care provider responses did not differ significantly from the responses of the parents of unaffected children except for the easy/hard semantic differential (care providers, 3.80 +/- 1.75 controls, 5.27 +/- 1.14, < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a widespread perception that spinal muscular atrophy type 1 children have a poor quality of life, this perception is not shared by their care providers.     

Lidocaine 5% Medicated Plaster for Spinal Neuropathic Pain

Spinal cord injuries frequently determine central pain symptoms that are difficult to control. The authors present the case of a 67-year-old suffering from a pleural mesothelioma. During the disease course, he developed a paraplegia syndrome from mesothelioma compression of the spinal cord at T4–T5 level. Following spinal decompression surgery, the patient presented an intense at-level, superficial neuropathic pain syndrome with allodynia and hyperalgesia. After systemic pharmacological therapies had failed, treatment with lidocaine 5% plaster was initiated. The superficial neuropathic symptoms almost completely disappeared within a few days. The lidocaine topical treatment was continued for months with durable analgesic effect.     

Effects of Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation and Treadmill Training on Locomotion Function and Ultrastructure of Spinal Cord Anterior Horn after Moderate Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Objective:To investigate the effects of epidural spinal cord stimulation (ESCS) and treadmill training on the locomotion function and ultrastructure of spinal cord anterior horn after moderate spinal cord injury in rats.Method:Nine adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly distributed into three groups: ①spinal cord injury group (SI, n=3). ②spinal cord injury plus ESCS group (SE, n=3). ③spinal cord injury plus treadmill training group (TT, n=3). All rats received a moderate spinal cord injury surgery. Four weeks after surgery, rats in SE group received an electrode implantation procedure, with the electrode field covering spinal cord segments L2—S1. Four weeks after electrode implantation, rats received subthreshold ESCS for 30 min/d. Rats in TT group received 4cm/s treadmill training for 30min/d. Rats in SI group received no intervention, as a control group. All procedures in these three groups lasted four weeks.The open field Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB) scale was used before and after intervention to evaluate rats′ hindlimb motor function. Result:After four weeks intervention, rats in TT group improved their open field locomotion scores to 20. In contrast, no significant improvement was observed in groups SI and SE. The morphology of synapses and neurons were similar regardless of whether rats had undergone ESCS, treadmill training or not. Conclusion:ESCS alone was not sufficient to improve the walking ability of spinal cord injured rats. ESCS or treadmill training alone might not contribute to the changes of ultrastructure in anterior horn of spinal cord that underlie the recovery of walking ability. Further research is needed to understand the contributions of combination of ESCS and treadmill training to the rehabilitation of spinal cord injured rats.     

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Therapeutic Options Review

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) functionally impacts significant numbers of Americans per year. Current estimates place the number of Americans suffering from senescent lumbar spinal stenosis at 400,000. The prevalence of this disorder in patients ranging from 60 to 69 years of age is very high. Forty‐seven percent of this age group have mild to moderate stenosis, and 19.7% have severe stenosis. As the baby boomer generation gets older, 10,000 individuals attain the age of 65 years every day in United States. LSS is becoming very common and will be a major healthcare issue as the population ages. Although LSS is not life threatening, it can cause substantial disability with limitations to performing daily activities, and thus, the associated negative impact on quality of life (QOL). This article reviews the pathophysiology and current treatment options for LSS, focusing on evidence‐based treatment options.     

以弛缓性瘫痪为特点的高位置脊髓损伤临床特征探讨

目的分析以弛缓性瘫痪为特点的高位置脊髓损伤发生原因。方法在1014例创伤性脊髓损伤患者中对以弛缓性瘫痪为特点的高位置脊髓损伤（骨折水平在T₁₀或以上）患者进行分析。结果6例患者被确认为以弛缓性瘫痪为特点的高位置脊髓损伤,其中男性5例,女性1例,平均年龄（42±12）岁。脊髓损伤水平分布在C₇～T₈水平,脊柱骨折水平在T₃～T₁₀。参考骨折水平,4例脊髓损伤水平上升超过3个脊髓节段,其中3例脊髓损伤水平上升出现在外科手术后;1例无明显诱因,伤后48 h出现神经损伤平面进行性上升至C₇水平,伴随胸部严重疼痛。伤后6个月MRI检查,5例患者显示广泛胸段脊髓萎缩变细。结论以弛缓性瘫痪为特点的高位置脊髓损伤非常罕见。其重要特点是病理上存在广泛胸段脊髓萎缩变细。发生原因尚不清楚。     

Spinal manipulative therapy for elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a case series

Objective

The objective of this case series is to report the results of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were older than 65 years.

Methods

The study design was a prospective case series. Six patients of a long-term care center who were older than 65 years and having COPD underwent a course of 12 SMT sessions over a 4-week period. Each SMT session consisted of manually applied spinal manipulation and instrument-assisted spinal manipulation delivered by a doctor of chiropractic. Lung function measurements were recorded at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks. The occurrence and type of any adverse events (AEs) related to SMT were recorded at each SMT session.

Results

One male and 5 female patients took part in the study. The average age was 79.1 years (range, 68-89 years). There was a clinically significant increase in forced expiratory volume in the first second after SMT in 4 of the 6 patients at 2 weeks. This was sustained in only 1 patient at 4 weeks. No clinically significant changes were observed for forced vital capacity at 2 or 4 weeks. One hundred forty-four manually applied spinal manipulations and 72 instrument-assisted spinal manipulations were administered during the intervention period. No major or moderate AEs were reported. Only minor AEs were reported after 29% of the intervention sessions, with 1 AE being reported for each patient. All AEs resolved within 48 hours.

Conclusions

This case series offers preliminary evidence that SMT may have the potential to benefit lung function in patients with COPD who are older than 65 years.