第1穿动脉升支大转子骨瓣在股骨颈（距）重建中的应用

目的：报道应用第１穿血管升支大转子骨瓣转位重建股骨颈（距）手术方法。方法：在４０侧成人下肢标本上，解剖观察了第１穿动脉的分支分布情况。结果：股深动脉于小转子尖下方４．５±１．７ｃｍ处发出第１穿动脉，外径为２．８±０．７ｍｍ，第１穿动脉分为升支和降支，升支走向大转子方向，发出外径１．０ｍｍ以上的肌骨膜支，分布于臀大肌下部和大转子等处，并参与十字吻合。自１９９１年始，以第１穿动脉为蒂切取大转子骨瓣转位修复股骨颈和股骨距缺损８例，疗效满意。结论：以第１穿血管为蒂的大转子骨瓣，可用于股骨颈及股骨距缺损的修复与重建     

旋股外侧血管横支大转子骨瓣修复股骨中上段的解剖及应用

目的：为股骨干骨缺损、骨折骨不连修复提供新的手术方法，方法：在４０侧标本上对旋股外侧动脉横支进行解剖学观察，设计了以该血管为蒂大转子骨瓣转位修复股骨干中、上段及股骨头颈部骨折、骨缺损。结果：该动脉外径２．５ｍｍ，长度５．１ｃｍ，在股外侧肌深面和外缘发出２～４支外径在０．４～１．１ｍｍ的骨膜支到大转子前外侧，供应范围３．５ｃｍ×２．０ｃｍ×３．５ｃｍ。结论：以旋股外侧动脉横支为蒂大转子骨瓣移位修复股骨中段或上段骨缺损具有可行性，临床应用１５例，疗效满意。     

以第1或第2穿动脉为蒂骨瓣转位重建股骨距的应用解剖

目的：为带血管蒂骨瓣转位重建股骨距提供解剖学依据。方法：３０侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人下肢标本，对第１、２穿动脉起始、走行、分支分布和骨膜支进行详细的解剖学观察。结果：股深动脉在小转子尖下４．５±１．３ｃｍ、９．３±２．７ｃｍ处分别发出第１、２穿动脉，外径分别为２．８±０．７ｍｍ、２．４±０．６ｍｍ。穿动脉发出１～３支外径在１．０ｍｍ以上的肌骨膜支，分布于股骨后部中上段骨膜。结论：可以第１或第２穿动脉为蒂设计股骨瓣，可转位重建股骨距或修复股骨颈。     

带血管蒂髂骨（膜）瓣转位治疗腰椎峡部不连的解剖学研究

目的:为带血管蒂髂骨(膜)瓣转位修复腰椎峡部不连提供解剖学依据。方法:在30侧灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体标本上,解剖观测骶外侧血管上支的起始、走行、分支分布及其吻合情况。结果:骶外侧动脉上支经第1骶前孔出骶后孔,终末支行向外上,沿髂后上棘走行并分出髂骨膜支。骶外侧动脉上支外径1.2±0.3mm,髂骨膜支外径0.4±0.2mm,长度1.5±0.6mm;第5腰动脉背侧支穿经第4、5腰椎横突间浅出,发出吻合支向下行经肌间隔与骶外侧动脉上支吻合,外径0.5±0.2mm,长度2.5±0.9cm。结论:以骶外侧血管上支为蒂髂骨(膜)瓣转位可用于修复腰椎峡部骨缺损、骨不连。     

第一穿动脉升支大转子骨瓣移植术

通过３０侧标本对第一穿动脉升支的解剖观察，设计了以该血管为蒂的大转子骨瓣移位术，为修复股骨上段骨缺损，骨不连提供一新的手术方法，临床应用４例，效果满意。     

以串连血管为蒂的股骨外侧髁骨(膜)瓣的应用解剖

目的：为治疗股骨干骨不连、骨缺损提供一种新的骨（膜）瓣供区。方法：在５０侧成人下肢标本上,解剖观察了膝上外侧动脉的起始、走行、分支分布及其与旋股外侧动脉降支的吻合类型。结果：膝上外侧动脉于股骨外侧髁上方（２．５ ± ０．５）ｃｍ处起自于腘动脉外侧壁,分出升支、横支和降支。升支和／或横支与旋股外侧动脉降支有 ３种类型的吻合,吻合率为 ９２％（４６侧）,吻合处外径为（１．３ ± ０．３）ｍｍ。结论：以旋股外侧动脉降支与膝上外侧动脉升支和／或横支串连为蒂可截取股骨外侧髁骨（膜）瓣用于修复股骨干骨不连及骨缺损。     

旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支为蒂的股骨中上段骨膜瓣的应用解剖

目的 :提供以旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支骨膜瓣转位治疗股骨颈骨折、股骨头缺血性坏死和股骨干中下段骨不连的解剖学基础。方法 :在 3 2侧灌注红色乳胶的成人标本上 ,对旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支的起始走行、分支分布进行解剖学观测 ;2侧新鲜标本注入墨汁观察骨膜支的供血范围。结果 :88%的降支发自旋股外侧动脉 ,其骨膜支于降支起始 4.0± 1.1cm处发出 ,外径 1.2± 0 .5mm ,长 7.1± 1.8cm ,经股内侧肌与股中间肌之间或穿股中间肌 ,分布于股骨中上段前内侧骨膜。结论 :以旋股外侧动脉降支骨膜支为蒂的骨膜瓣 ,可顺行修复股骨头颈骨折 ,逆行修复股骨中下段骨不连、股骨头缺血性坏死。     

甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支为蒂锁骨瓣转位术的解剖及其应用

目的为甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支为蒂的锁骨瓣转位修复下颌骨缺损提供解剖学依据。方法在36侧成人尸体标本上,观察甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支的走行、分支、分布及吻合。结果甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支起源恒定,距锁骨上方(7.9±0.8)cm处分为升支和降支,降支主干外径(1.0±0.2)mm。72.2%的降支直达锁骨,27.8%的降支与颈横动脉或肩胛上动脉锁骨支吻合分布锁骨。结论以甲状腺上动脉胸锁乳突肌支为蒂半片锁骨瓣转位可修复下颌骨小面积缺损。临床应用1例取得成功。     

股骨前面血供分布特点与骨膜（骨）瓣设计

目的：为股骨干骨折骨不连、骨缺损设计骨膜（骨）瓣修复术式提供解剖学基础。方法：在４０侧成人下肢标本上，对股骨前面骨膜血管的来源、走行、分支、分布及其吻合进行观测，并在标本上进行摹拟术式设计。结果：股骨前面骨膜血供，来自股外侧肌支、股中间肌支、膝降动脉、膝上外动脉、股动脉和股深动脉肌间隔支呈节段性分布的肌骨膜支和骨膜支。肌骨膜支外径１．４～１．７ｍｍ，长度１．７～５．６ｃｍ；骨膜支外径０．４～０．６ｍｍ，长度１．２～１．５ｃｍ。骨膜血管多呈向下或水平走行，达骨膜后分出升支、降支及吻合支，相互吻合成网。结论：可以节段骨膜支为蒂设计股骨前面骨膜瓣，修复股骨干骨折骨不连、骨缺损     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣修复股骨上段的应用解剖

股骨上段骨折后骨不连,肿瘤切除后骨缺损等需移植骨块填充修复,恢复下肢功能.本研究采用旋股内侧动脉深支为蒂的大转子骨瓣转位修复股骨上段骨不连、骨缺损或吻合血管移植修复其它部位骨缺损等,具有可行,供临床骨外科开展新的供骨区和术式时参考.1 材料和方法研究用经甲醛常规固定并经红色乳胶动脉内灌注过的成人下肢标本40侧.仔细解剖出旋股内侧动脉深支及大转子支,观察了其走行、位置、分支及分布.用电子数显卡尺测量了有关数据和血管的供骨范围,经统计学处理,依据手术设计,在尸体标本上进行了手术模拟试验.2 结果2.1 旋股内侧动脉 旋股内侧动脉深支发出后,恒定地经短收肌与闭孔外肌之间达髋关节后方,继经股方     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

侧脑室注射链脲佐菌素对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响

为观察链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)双侧侧脑室注射对大鼠海马神经元突触的影响,本研究将Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组和模型组,模型组大鼠分别于第1、3d双侧侧脑室重复注射STZ3mg/kg,对照组以人工脑脊液代替STZ。21d后,取大鼠海马,免疫组织化学染色及Western blotting方法观察突触素、活性调节细胞骨架相关蛋白(activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associatedprotein,Arc)的表达;电镜观察海马CA1区神经元突触超微结构的改变。结果显示:与对照组相比,模型组大鼠海马内突触素蛋白表达显著减少,而Arc蛋白表达显著增多;模型组海马CA1区神经毡内突触结构异常,突触小泡聚集增多。以上结果提示:脑室注射STZ可影响大鼠海马突触相关蛋白的表达,引起突触超微结构异常,干扰了神经元突触信号的传导。     

Effect of conditions of culture on quantitative assessment of viability of living tissues

The viability of tissue explants of mouse kidneys, estimated quantitatively by growth in plasma-free culture, was shown to depend on several factors connected with the conditions of culture. The effect of methods of treatment of the serum, pH of the medium, and the character of distribution of the tissue explant during culture, the size of the explants, and the firmness of attachment of the tissue fragments to the substrate on this index was demonstrated.Problem Laboratory, Arkhangel'sk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 11, pp. 629–631, November, 1978.     

社区精神分裂症病人照料者的生活质量研究

通过对９３名精神分裂症患者的家庭照料者与１００名对照者比较研究表明，照料者的躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能与经济状况都显著差于对照者。照料者的生活质量与被照料者的病期、病情严重度、整体功能、药物副作用有关；同时，照料者身份为患者母亲者其生活质量受影响最大。     

Evaluation of fungicidal activity of extracellular filtrates of cyanobacteria--possible role of hydrolytic enzymes

A set of seventy axenised and unicyanobacterial isolates belonging to the genus Anabaena were evaluated for biocidal activity against a set of phytopathogenic fungi. Among them, 35 Anabaena strains showed zone of inhibition against one or more fungi. The extracellular filtrates from 4 and 8 weeks old cultures of these Anabaena strains were further evaluated in terms of hydrolytic enzymes, proteins and IAA employing standard methods. Significant differences were also observed among the strains in terms of their FPase, chitosanase and xylanase activity, while low and relatively similar values of CMCase, cellobiase and protease activity were recorded in the strains analyzed. IAA production was also observed in all the strains. Comparative evaluation of activity of hydrolytic enzymes and antifungal activity revealed that such enzymes may contribute to the fungicidal activity of the cyanobacterial strains, besides other bioactive compounds, including IAA, which are established promising traits for biocontrol agents. This study is a first time report on the production of hydrolytic enzymes by these oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, which can be potential candidates for the development of biocontrol agent(s) against selected phytopathogenic fungi.     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Effect of ultralow doses of thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of biological membranes

Effects of the regulatory peptide thyroliberin on microviscosity of lipid components of endoplasmic reticulum biological membranes in mouse hepatocytes were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. Thyroliberin in a concentration of 10⁻³–10⁻¹⁸ M decreased microviscosity of surface layers of membrane lipids. This decrease was the most pronounced (30%) under effects of 10⁻¹⁰ and 10⁻¹⁶ M thyroliberin. Physiological effects of thyroliberin corresponded to its influence on the membrane structure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 38–40, January, 2000