PD98059对肝癌HepG2细胞Tec信号转导作用的初步研究

目的探讨MEK1抑制剂PD98059对肝癌细胞株HepG2细胞中Tec(tyrosine kinase expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma)及ERK2作用.方法免疫细胞化学方法检测Tec、ERK2在HepG2细胞中的表达;用RT-PCR和Westernblot方法检测,不同浓度PD98059处理细胞后,HepG2细胞中的Tec、ERK2 mRNA及蛋白表达.结果Tec、ERK2在HepG2细胞中呈高表达,PD98059明显影响HepG2细胞Tec、ERK2 mRNA以及蛋白表达,呈剂量依赖性,40 μmol/LPD98059细胞抑制最明显.结论Tec可能是肝癌细胞内Ras/Raf/ERK信号转导途径上游的信号蛋白,与Ras/Raf/ERK信号转导通路存在着某种信号联系.     

Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK信号传导通路在2型糖尿病大鼠局灶性脑缺血早期作用的研究

目的探讨高血糖加重脑梗死机制与Ras/Raf/丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MEK)/细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号传导通路的关系。方法通过大鼠尾静脉注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)及大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)术造成大鼠糖尿病脑缺血模型。将大鼠分成假手术组、健康大鼠脑缺血组、2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠脑缺血组、PD98059组,每组12只。PD98059组于MCAO术前30min尾静脉注射PD98059(3mL/kg)。MCAO术后2h给各组大鼠做神经学评分,取脑组织标本。应用免疫组织化学、蛋白质印迹法(Western blotting)测定大鼠磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(p-ERK1/2)蛋白的表达,应用TUNEL检测神经细胞凋亡情况。结果除假手术组外,其他3组均有不同程度的神经功能缺损、神经细胞凋亡,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。p-ERK1/2蛋白在假手术组偶见表达,在健康大鼠脑缺血组、T2DM大鼠脑缺血组表达明显升高(P<0.01),且T2DM大鼠脑缺血组升高更加明显(P<0.01)。PD98059组p-ERK1/2蛋白表达较少。免疫组织化学和Western blotting结果基本一致。结论 Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK信号传导通路在局灶性脑缺血早期能促进神经细胞的凋亡,糖尿病加重脑梗死与Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK信号传导通路有关。     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸通过激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞MEK/ERK通路促进TNF-α的表达

目的:本研究分析激活的MEK/ERK信号通路在双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)增强表达中参与的机制.方法:分离小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞并随机分为3组:对照组、脂磷壁酸组和脂磷壁酸+PD98059组(n=6).酶联免疫吸附测定法检测各组巨噬细胞中TNF-α的含量,Western Blotting检测各组巨噬细胞中MEK/ERK信号通路的关键蛋白Ras、Raf、pMEK/MEK、pERK1/2及ERK1/2的表达.结果:与对照组相比,脂磷壁酸组小鼠巨噬细胞的TNF-α水平明显增高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);MEK/ERK信号通路相关蛋白Ras、Raf、pMEK/MEK、pERK1/2及ERK1/2的表达明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),而PD98059可以明显抑制上述蛋白的异常(P＜0.01).结论:双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸通过激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞MEK/ERK通路促进TNF-α的上调表达.     

MEK／ERK信号通路活性表达与乳腺癌干细胞增殖和凋亡的关系

目的探讨MEK／ERK信号通路在乳腺癌干细胞增殖和凋亡中的作用。方法体外培养乳腺癌干细胞,采用MEK抑制剂PD98059抑制MEK／ERK信号通路表达,Western blot检测PD98059对p—ERK1／2表达的影响,进一步应用MTT法测定PD98059对乳腺癌干细胞增殖的抑制作用,流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化;同时,TUNEL荧光染色分析、Histone／DNAELISA和流式细胞术检测评价细胞凋亡。结果PD98059可有效下调p—ERK1／2表达,抑制乳腺癌干细胞生长,诱导G0／G1期抑制;TUNEL荧光染色,Histone／DNAELISA检测和流式细胞术检测分析显示PD98059可有效诱导乳腺癌干细胞凋亡。结论MEK／ERK信号通路在乳腺癌干细胞增殖和凋亡中发挥重要作用。     

榄香烯和PD98059诱导人胃癌SCG-7901细胞株凋亡及其机制的探讨

目的：探讨榄香烯及PD98059对人胃癌SCG-7901细胞株凋亡的影响,及其与ERK1／2、P38MAPK信号通路的关系。方法：用不同浓度的榄香烯和PD98059处理人胃癌SCG-7901细胞,体外细胞增殖抑制实验（MTT）法检测细胞增殖情况;Western—blot法检测ERKl／2、磷酸化ERKl／2（p-ERK1／2）和磷酸化P38（p-P38）的表达;RT-PCR检测bcl-2mRNA及baxmRNA的表达;TUNEL法检测胃癌细胞凋亡并计算凋亡指数。结果：榄香烯和PD98059单独作用都有抑制胃癌细胞增殖的作用,前者呈浓度和时间依赖性,后者则呈时间依赖性但无浓度依赖性,两药联合作用时对胃癌细胞增殖的抑制作用显著大于单一用药时（P〈0．05）;随榄香烯的浓度增加p-ERK1／2蛋白的表达量增加（P〈0．05）,总FRK1／2无明显变化;榄香烯（0．08mg／mL）、PD98059（50μmol／L）及榄香烯＋PD98059组作用胃癌细胞24h,p-P38的表达均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,且榄香烯＋PD98059组较榄香烯组或PD98059组更高（P〈0．05）;随榄香烯浓度的增加,baxmRNA的表达增加,bcl-2mRNA的表达降低,且榄香烯＋PD98059组表现最显著;实验组细胞凋亡率均高于对照组（P〈0．05）,具有浓度依赖性（P〈0．05）,且榄香烯＋PD98059组的凋亡率明显高于单一作用组（P〈0．05）。结论：榄香烯及PD98059可以抑制胃癌细胞增殖,前者具有时间和浓度依赖性;榄香烯及PD98059还可以促进胃癌细胞凋亡。榄香烯抑制细胞增殖、促进细胞凋亡的机制包括促进ERKl／2磷酸化和上调P-P38MAPK信号通路的表达;PD98059抑制ERKl／2的磷酸化,但通过上调p-P38MAPK信号通路的表达而发挥其细胞调节作用。     

大蒜素促进人子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1细胞凋亡的细胞外信号调节激酶信号通路研究

目的探讨大蒜素诱导人子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1细胞凋亡的相关机制,为抗肿瘤新药研发和临床治疗提供借鉴。方法 HEC-1细胞株在达尔伯克改良伊格尔培养基中进行贴壁培养,将生长状态良好的细胞分为4组:对照组及25、50、100 mg·L~(-1)大蒜素组。人子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1经大蒜素孵育处理后,甲基噻唑基四唑法检测HEC-1细胞增殖的抑制率,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果大蒜素能有效抑制HEC-1细胞的增殖,且具有时间和剂量依赖性。25 mg·L~(-1)大蒜素组与对照组HEC-1细胞株中Ras、Raf、MEK、ERK1/2、caspase-3和caspase-9蛋白表达水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),50、100 mg·L~(-1)大蒜素组HEC-1细胞株中Ras、Raf、MEK、ERK1/2、caspase-3和caspase-9蛋白表达水平显著高于对照组和25 mg·L~(-1)大蒜素组(P<0.05,P<0.01),100 mg·L~(-1)大蒜素组HEC-1细胞株中Ras、Raf、MEK、ERK1/2、caspase-3和caspase-9蛋白表达水平显著高于50 mg·L~(-1)大蒜素组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论大蒜素可能通过激活人子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1细胞ERK信号通路发挥抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用。     

阻断MAPK通路对前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响

目的：研究前列腺癌进展中细胞丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路的变化，探讨阻断此通路对前列腺癌细胞增殖的影响。方法：用MTT法检测表皮生长因子（EGF）、PD98059对前列腺癌细胞系LNCaP、PC 3和DU145增殖的影响；用Western blot法检测细胞外信号调节激酶1/2（ERK1/2）表达和磷酸化ERK1/2水平的差异，以及EGF、PD98059对细胞ERK1/2磷酸化水平的影响。结果：EGF促进LNCaP、PC 3和 DU145的增殖，PD98059抑制细胞增殖；Western blot结果显示，3株前列腺癌细胞的总ERK1/2无明显差异。在血清饥饿的状态下，LNCaP细胞无ERK1/2的活化,而PC 3和 DU145细胞ERK1/2处于持续活化的状态。PD98059能够阻断EGF对3株前列腺癌细胞ERK1/2的激活。结论：MAPK通路的持续活化在前列腺癌的恶性进展中起重要作用，阻断此通路可以抑制前列腺癌细胞的增殖。     

榄香烯体外和体内抑制人胃癌SGC―7901细胞株的增殖作用及机制

目的观察榄香烯对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株体外和体内增殖、抑制及凋亡的作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法采用不同药物对培养后的人胃癌SGC-7901细胞株进行处理并分为4组：对照组、榄香烯组、细胞外信号调控的蛋白激酶1/2（ERK1/2）信号通路抑制剂PD98059组和榄香烯+PD98059联合组;再将20只雄性裸鼠随机分为4组：甲组（腹腔注射0.9%氯化钠注射液）、乙组（腹腔注射榄香烯最大耐受剂量200mg/kg）、丙组（腹腔注射PD98059最大耐受剂量1mg/kg）、丁组（腹腔注射最大耐受剂量榄香烯+PD98059）,均制作胃癌移植瘤模型,并腹腔注射不同药物进行治疗。观察榄香烯和PD98059对细胞株相关蛋白的表达情况及裸鼠胃癌移植瘤的大小及对裸鼠生长的影响。采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,Western-blot法检测ERK1/2、磷酸化细胞外信号调控的蛋白激酶1/2（p-ERK1/2）、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38）、磷酸化p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p-p38）的表达,real-timeRT-PCR检测Bcl-2mRNA及BaxmRNA的表达,TUNEL法检测胃癌细胞凋亡并计算凋亡指数。结果与对照组相比,榄香烯组随药物浓度的增加,p-ERK1/2表达增加（P＜0.05或0.01）,BaxmRNA的表达增加（均P＜0.01）,Bcl-2mRNA的表达降低[除榄香烯0.02mg/ml外,其他浓度均具有统计学差异（均P＜0.01）],而总ERK1/2的表达无明显变化（均P＞0.05）;榄香烯、PD98059及榄香烯+PD98059对胃癌细胞增殖均具有抑制作用（均P＜0.05）,且两药联合的抑制作用最好;榄香烯、PD98059及榄香烯+PD98059组细胞凋亡率均高于对照组（P＜0.05或0.01）,并具有浓度依赖性,且两药联合组的凋亡率明显高于单一用药组（均P＜0.05）;乙、丁两组移植瘤的瘤重均较甲组明显减小（P＜0.05或0.01）,且两药联合时抑瘤率达75.59%。结论榄香烯对肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用,且可能是通过上调p-ERK1/2和p-p38蛋白的表达促进胃癌细胞和移植瘤的凋亡,另榄香烯与PD98059联合使用时对肿瘤细胞及组织具有协同抑制效应。     

解毒化瘀方对凝血酶合并缺氧诱导PC12细胞损伤ERK1/2信号通路表达的影响

目的：探讨急性缺血性中风（AIS）瘀毒病机的分子机制及解毒化瘀方对凝血酶合并缺氧损伤的保护作用。方法（1）用凝血酶合并缺氧损伤PC12细胞,模拟急性缺血性中风的体外细胞模型。（2）将细胞分为空白组,模型组,解毒化瘀方含药血浆组和PD98059组（MEK抑制剂组）,应用荧光定量实时RT-PCR方法检测MEK1、PAR-1及ERK1/2的mRNA表达,应用免疫荧光法检测ERK1/2、P-ERK1/2的蛋白表达。结果 PCR结果提示：模型组MEK1、PAR-1及ERK1/2的mRNA表达与空白对照组相比显著升高（P<0.01）,解毒化瘀方组和PD98059组MEK1、PAR-1及ERK1/2的mRNA表达较模型组显著降低（P<0.01）,免疫荧光结果提示：解毒化瘀方组和PD98059组ERK1/2、P-ERK1/2的蛋白表达较模型组显著降低（P<0.01）。结论解毒化瘀方以凝血酶为作用的分子靶点,能够显著降低ERK1/2信号通路在缺血性中风体外细胞模型中的表达。     

二烯丙基二硫通过细胞外信号调节激酶途径调节HepG2细胞Survivin表达

目的探讨二烯丙基二硫（DADS）对HepG2细胞增殖的影响及其机制。方法W estern b lot法检测survivin、细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK1/2）和p-ERK1/2的表达;AO/EB染色观察细胞形态学变化。结果ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059抑制DADS诱导survivin表达的作用。PD98059与DADS联合应用可以促进HepG2细胞凋亡。结论DADS诱导HepG2细胞survivin的表达与ERK1/2信号通路有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.