6433例精神科急诊患者人口及疾病学资料的调查分析

目的 对精神科急诊就诊非取药患者的人口学资料和疾病学资料进行调查.方法 选取2015年1月23日~2016年1月31日在北京安定医院急诊就诊的6433例非取药患者,按照攻击风险评估表及自杀危险因素评估表评分分为攻击组、自杀组、攻击自杀组、非攻击非自杀组,并对患者的人口学资料和疾病学资料进行统计分析.结果 人口学资料显示女性:男性(3628/2805),居住在北京、汉族、年龄在21~30岁的患者占多数;疾病学资料显示起病无诱因、性格内向、无家族史的患者占多数.攻击组和非攻击非自杀组进行比较,性别、居住地、有无伴侣、父母关系、是否在职、有无诱因、性格、家族史方面差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为18.513,9.46,17.40,27.21,11.078,8.402,11.059,9.129;P<0.01);自杀组和非攻击非自杀组进行比较,性别、父母关系、有无诱因、性格、家族史、躯体疾病方面差异有统计学意义(χ2分别为15.894,6.594,67.309,4.309,5.715,32.779;P<0.05).诊断躁狂状态的患者更容易出现攻击行为,诊断焦虑抑郁状态的患者更容易出现自杀行为(P<0.01).结论 精神科急诊就诊患者中女性多于男性;就诊年龄以21~30岁居多,居住地在北京、无伴侣、父母关系不好、目前在职、发病有诱因、性格外向、精神疾病家族史阳性、诊断躁狂状态的男性多出现攻击行为;而父母关系不好、性格内向,有起病诱因、家族史阳性、有躯体疾病、诊断为焦虑抑郁状态的女性患者多出现自杀行为.     

精神科急诊患者自杀风险的预测研究

目的:对精神科急诊患者的自杀行为风险进行预测。方法:收集精神科急诊求医患者的一般人口学及临床资料,并进行自杀危险因素评估表评定,以10分为分界值将患者分为安全组(≤10分)及危险组(10分),比较两组患者的人口学及临床资料,分析影响自杀行为发生的相关因素,构建自杀行为预测模型。结果:12 345例急诊求医的患者中,安全组8 909例,危险组3 436例;单因素Logistic回归分析显示,自杀的危险因素为户籍地、居住地、年龄、男性、民族、无伴侣、独居、无职业或目前未在职/在读、家庭月收入水平低、父母非原生健在、与父母关系不好、有1个兄弟姐妹、与兄弟姐妹关系不好、于22∶00至次日7∶00就诊、3至5月及9至11月就诊、发病有诱因、病前性格内向、精神疾病家族史阳性、首次发病年龄小、总病程与本次病程短、未曾在精神科医院住院或精神科医院住院1次、有明确精神科诊断、伴躯体疾病、攻击风险评估表≤Ⅰ级、简明精神病评定量表(BPRS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)总分高(P均0.01);保护因素为受教育年限、发病诱因为家庭事件、Young躁狂评定量表(YMRS)总分高(P均0.01)。多因素Logistic回归建立自杀风险预测模型,其区分度良好,通过内部验证,且模型校正能力良好(χ~2=14.644,P=0.066)。结论:精神科急诊患者自杀风险预测模型对精神科急诊患者自杀风险有较好的预测能力。     

单相与双相抑郁障碍患者临床特征的对照研究

目的比较单相与双相抑郁障碍患者的临床特征,为单相和双相抑郁障碍的鉴别诊断提供参考。方法连续入组2012年6月-2013年11月在广州医科大学附属脑科医院住院、符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的单相抑郁障碍(单相组,n=72)和双相抑郁障碍(双相组,n=64)患者,收集并分析两组一般人口学资料和临床特征,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)评定抑郁症状。结果单相组女性及已婚患者比例均高于双相组(χ2=18.74、4.68,P0.05或0.01);双相组平均起病年龄小于单相组(t=-2.13,P=0.035);双相组性格外向者比例高于单相组(χ2=9.74,P=0.002);单相组有病前诱因者比例高于双相组(χ2=18.96,P0.01);双相组伴不典型抑郁症状者比例高于单相组(χ2=24.60,P0.01);双相组既往抑郁发作次数多于单相组(Z=-5.37,P0.01);单相组HAMD-17总评分及躯体化焦虑和食欲减退因子评分均高于双相组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.78~-2.06,P0.05或0.01)。结论单相与双相抑郁障碍患者在性别、婚姻状况、发病年龄、是否有病前诱因、是否伴不典型抑郁症状、既往发作次数及HAMD-17评分方面存在差异。     

自杀未遂者的临床及心理特征

目的 探讨自杀未遂者的临床特征及心理特征.方法 采用自编一般情况调查表、自杀行为调查表、抑郁症调查表收集人口学资料和病史资料,艾森克个性测验、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、自杀意念自评量表、自杀态度问卷进行调查评分,分析临床特征及心理特征.结果 (1)自杀未遂者主要自杀方式依次为过量服药、割腕、溺水、自缢;(2)两自杀组内外向标准分低于正常对照组(F=22.673,P＜0.001),神经质标准分高于正常对照组(F=6.276,P＜0.05),神经质维度与自杀意念呈正相关(rB=0.517,PB =0.012;rD =0.551,PD =0.002);(3)两自杀组自杀意念总分(F=42.987,P＜0.001)、绝望因子(F=45.647,P＜0.001)高于两对照组;(4)两自杀组自杀态度的四个维度(F1、F2、F3、F4)均分低于正常对照组(F1 =28.149,F2=32.191,F3=16.467,F4=40.412,P＜0.001).结论 神经质维度、绝望感、自杀意念、自杀态度是自杀的重要预测因子,自杀行为可以独立于抑郁症而存在,或者伴有显著的抑郁.     

双相障碍患者自杀的危险因素分析

目的探讨双相障碍(bipolar disorder,BPD)患者的自杀危险因素。方法将参与调查的患者分为伴自杀风险及不伴自杀风险两组,先进行单因素分析,再以自杀风险为因变量,分别以人口学资料和临床特征为自变量,进行多因素Logistic逐步回归分析。结果伴自杀风险组的BPD患者出现焦虑症状的比率多于不伴自杀风险组(P0.001),伴自杀风险组有发病诱因多于不伴自杀风险组(P=0.001),伴自杀风险组患者伴精神病家族史的比率高于不伴自杀风险组(P=0.016)。回归分析结果显示:BPD患者自杀的危险因素有伴焦虑症状(P0.001),及发病前诱因(P=0.005)。结论 BPD患者中伴有焦虑症状、发病有诱因的患者自杀风险高。     

疏肝解郁胶囊联合艾司西酞普兰对老年躯体疾病伴发焦虑抑郁患者临床疗效与治疗依从性的影响

目的探讨疏肝解郁胶囊联合艾司西酞普兰对躯体疾病伴发焦虑抑郁患者临床疗效与治疗依从性的影响。方法选择86例躯体疾病伴发焦虑抑郁患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组各43例,对照组给予草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗,观察组采用疏肝解郁胶囊联合艾司西酞普兰治疗。比较两组治疗效果、焦虑抑郁评分、治疗依从性、不良反应。结果治疗效果:观察组痊愈率有效率(95.35%)明显高于对照组(81.40%)(χ~2=4.074,P0.05);HAMD、HAMA评分:治疗后2周、4周、8周,观察组HAMD、HAMA评分均明显低于对照组(t=3.654~6.587,P0.05);治疗依从性:观察组遵医用药、规律运动、定期检查等治疗依从性明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=3.957~6.672,P0.05);不良反应:观察组不良反应13.95%明显低于对照组32.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.170,P0.05)。结论疏肝解郁胶囊联合艾司西酞普兰有助于提高患者治疗依从性,缓解躯体疾病伴发焦虑抑郁症状,降低不良反应,提高治疗效果。     

帕金森病患者情绪障碍研究

目的 了解帕金森病患者伴发的情绪障碍.方法 采用汉密尔顿焦虑评价量表和抑郁评价量表对100例帕金森病患者和50例对照者进行情绪障碍研究;并根据简易智能状态检查量表、帕金森病统一评价量表(UPDRS Ⅲ)和改良Hoehn-Yahr分级,分别评价帕金森病患者的认知功能和运动障碍严重程度并进行病情分级.结果 帕金森病组患者汉密尔顿焦虑评价量表评分[(14.45±8.30)分]和抑郁评价量表评分[(7.98±6.24)分]均高于对照组[(3.68±3.23)分、(2.76±3.32)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);其焦虑症状发生率为49%(49/100),高于对照组(2%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但早期与中晚期患者之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).帕金森病组患者抑郁症状发生率(12%)虽高于对照组(2%),但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中晚期患者抑郁症状发生率高于早期者(P<0.05).帕金森病组焦虑症状主要表现为精神性焦虑及躯体性焦虑,抑郁症状则以焦虑躯体化、认知障碍、迟缓以及睡眠障碍为主;性别与肢体发病侧别对情绪障碍无明显影响,而汉密尔顿焦虑评价量表(r=0.199,P=0.049;r=0.295,P=0.005)和抑郁评价量表(r=0.196,P=0.050;r=0.274,P=0.009)情绪均与病程和UPDRSⅢ评分呈正相关.结论 帕金森病患者以焦虑情绪为主要情绪障碍症状,表现为躯体性焦虑和精神性焦虑,于疾病早期即已出现;而抑郁症状多出现于疾病的中晚期,主要表现为焦虑躯体化、认知障碍、迟缓以及睡眠障碍.     

当前有和无自杀观念的难治性抑郁症临床特征的比较

目的对当前有和无自杀观念的难治性抑郁症患者的临床特征进行对照分析。方法按最近1周有无自杀观念将327例难治性抑郁症患者分为自杀观念组(n=59)和无自杀观念组(n=268),比较其人口学和临床特征,并对自杀观念的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果自杀观念组的目前年龄、首次发病年龄、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床大体印象量表(CGI)和HAMD-24的绝望感条目的评分均明显高于无自杀观念组(P0.05),自杀观念组的精神病性症状(OR=4.03,P0.05)、不典型症状(OR=7.53,P0.01)和躯体疾病共病(OR=11.19,P0.01)明显多于无自杀观念组。回归分析结果显示,HAMD-17总分(OR=1.19,P0.01)、绝望感(OR=2.13,P0.01)、不典型症状(OR=1.44,P0.05)和躯体疾病共病(OR=2.84,P0.05)与自杀观念相关。结论有自杀观念的难治性抑郁症具有一定的人口学和临床特征,应对其进行综合评估和干预。     

综合医院有自杀倾向的住院患者发生自杀行为的影响因素分析

目的描述综合医院具有自杀倾向患者的特征,并分析此类患者发生自杀行为的危险因素.方法回顾性连续纳入南方医科大学南方医院2012年10月至2017年10月的住院患者中具有自杀倾向的病例共680例,根据是否发生自杀行为分为自杀倾向组(有自杀倾向无自杀行为,527例)和自杀行为组(有自杀倾向亦有自杀行为,153例).收集他们的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、户籍、入院科室、自杀诱因、自杀方式、精神疾患、躯体疾患及显著的精神症状等资料.采用单因素分析比较两组间的社会人口学和临床特征差异,采用二分类Logistic回归分析研究自杀行为的危险因素.结果自杀倾向组主要为女性[66.6%(351例)]、已婚[77.4%(458例)]、心理科[74.4%(392例)]、抑郁症[66.2%(349例)].自杀行为组中,男性和女性的自杀方式差异有统计学意义(χ^2=12.489,P=0.014),选择跳楼方式的男性较多,药物及割脉方式的女性更多.Logistic回归分析结果表明,入住重症医学科(OR=7.844,95%CI:2.240~27.475,P=0.001)、婚恋受挫(OR=3.646,95%CI:1.217~10.917,P=0.021),肿瘤(OR=4.620,95%CI:1.552~13.755,P=0.006),双相情感障碍(OR=3.734,95%CI:1.157~12.052,P=0.028)是自杀行为的危险因素.结论具有自杀倾向的患者中,入住重症医学科、双相情感障碍、肿瘤、婚恋挫折是发生自杀行为的危险因素,而且两性的自杀方式有所不同,需要临床高度重视,并采取针对性预防措施.     

脑瘤患儿及其父母心理状态的调查

目的探讨脑瘤患儿及其父母的心理特征。方法选取我科2009年10月至2013年8月收治的78对脑瘤患儿及其父亲或母亲。患儿包括40例脑瘤初发、38例脑瘤术后康复期。另选取80对年龄、性别相匹配的正常儿童作为正常对照。采用儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)和儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)对以上被试进行心理测评,同时采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对2组脑瘤患儿的父亲或母亲进行心理状态调查。结果 DSRSC三组被试评分,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。SCARED结果显示,初诊脑瘤组患儿在总分及各因子得分与正常对照组相比无统计学意义(P0.05);术后康复组患儿在总分及躯体化惊恐、广泛性焦虑、社交恐怖的因子得分显著高于正常对照组,且在广泛性焦虑的因子得分显著高于初诊组患儿,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。SAS和SDS结果显示:78名脑瘤患儿父母中有42例(53.85%)存在焦虑,32例(41.03%)存在抑郁,脑瘤患儿父母的SAS和SDS总分均高于我国常模分,差异均有显著统计学意义(P0.001)。其中初发脑瘤组父母的焦虑得分明显高于术后康复组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。脑瘤患儿父母的焦虑与抑郁有正相关性(r=0.953,P0.001),但与脑瘤患儿的焦虑、抑郁得分无相关性(P0.05)。结论术后康复期脑瘤患儿的焦虑抑郁情况较初诊脑瘤患儿及正常儿童严重。脑瘤患儿父母合并有不同程度的焦虑、抑郁心理。     

Two-year randomized controlled trial and follow-up of dialectical behavior therapy vs therapy by experts for suicidal behaviors and borderline personality disorder

CONTEXT: Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a treatment for suicidal behavior and borderline personality disorder with well-documented efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hypothesis that unique aspects of DBT are more efficacious compared with treatment offered by non-behavioral psychotherapy experts. DESIGN: One-year randomized controlled trial, plus 1 year of posttreatment follow-up. SETTING: University outpatient clinic and community practice. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred one clinically referred women with recent suicidal and self-injurious behaviors meeting DSM-IV criteria, matched to condition on age, suicide attempt history, negative prognostic indication, and number of lifetime intentional self-injuries and psychiatric hospitalizations. INTERVENTION: One year of DBT or 1 year of community treatment by experts (developed to maximize internal validity by controlling for therapist sex, availability, expertise, allegiance, training and experience, consultation availability, and institutional prestige). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trimester assessments of suicidal behaviors, emergency services use, and general psychological functioning. Measures were selected based on previous outcome studies of DBT. Outcome variables were evaluated by blinded assessors. RESULTS: Dialectical behavior therapy was associated with better outcomes in the intent-to-treat analysis than community treatment by experts in most target areas during the 2-year treatment and follow-up period. Subjects receiving DBT were half as likely to make a suicide attempt (hazard ratio, 2.66; P = .005), required less hospitalization for suicide ideation (F(1,92) = 7.3; P = .004), and had lower medical risk (F(1,50) = 3.2; P = .04) across all suicide attempts and self-injurious acts combined. Subjects receiving DBT were less likely to drop out of treatment (hazard ratio, 3.2; P < .001) and had fewer psychiatric hospitalizations (F(1,92) = 6.0; P = .007) and psychiatric emergency department visits (F(1,92) = 2.9; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings replicate those of previous studies of DBT and suggest that the effectiveness of DBT cannot reasonably be attributed to general factors associated with expert psychotherapy. Dialectical behavior therapy appears to be uniquely effective in reducing suicide attempts.     

流浪精神病患者合并躯体疾病调查

目的:调查流浪精神病患者合并躯体疾病的情况。方法:回顾性分析1 043例住院流浪精神病患者的临床资料。结果:入组的患者中69%流浪精神病患者伴有躯体疾病,以皮肤软组织损伤(38%)、传染病(25%)和营养不良(15%)为最多。男性患者皮肤软组织损伤、骨折、感染性疾病伴有率明显多于女性(χ2=51.92,P0.001;χ2=5.82,P=0.016;χ2=8.15,P=0.004);女性患者梅毒感染率明显高于男性(χ2=13.42,P0.001)。结论:流浪精神病患者普遍伴有躯体疾病,女性患者性病伴发率高,男性患者躯体损伤、感染性疾病伴发率高。     

Contacts of suicidal neurotic and prepsychotic/psychotic patients and their significant others with public care institutions before the suicide attempt

Interviews were conducted with 21 patients classified as neurotic or prepsychotic/psychotic, consecutively admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) owing to suicide attempts by means of drug intoxication, with their 37 significant others and with care personnel concerning the patients' contacts with psychiatric, somatic or social care institutions before their suicide attempts. Nineteen patients came into contact with public care institutions between 1 and 6 months before attempting suicide; of these, 11 had contacts with psychiatric departments. Nine patients--chiefly those who were prepsychotic/psychotic--were in contact with public care institutions during the last 7 days before attempting suicide; of these, six had contacts with psychiatric departments. The neurotic patients' suicidal thoughts were seldom expressed in the contacts with care personnel, who consequently seldom noticed their suicidal tendencies. Contacts served to alleviate and lend structure to the patients' anxiety, promoted the mobilisation of their defences and temporarily concealed their hopelessness, depression and suicidal impulses. The personnel misinterpreted the patients' defences and considered the patients to be non-suicidal, capable and even strong. The prepsychotic/psychotic patients usually expressed suicidal thoughts in the form of indirect, non-verbal suicidal communication which was difficult to understand: it was recognised as such by their regular therapists, but seldom by staff who were unfamiliar with the patients. Consequently, suicidal risks were usually not recognised in emergency situations. The reasons why none of the significant others sought contact with public care institutions are discussed.     

综合医院与精神专科医院双相障碍识别率及相关因素分析

目的:比较综合医院和精神专科医院抑郁障碍门诊中未识别出的双相障碍患者的临床特征及相关影响因素。方法:使用一般情况调查表和简明国际神经精神访谈(MINI)对综合医院和精神专科医院抑郁障碍门诊患者各50例进行调查,检出其中未被识别出的双相障碍患者,对其临床特征进行初步分析。结果:双相障碍的总检出率综合医院和精神专科医院之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.38,P=0.123);但在41~50岁年龄段精神专科医院的检出率高于综合医院(Z=2.11,P=0.035)。精神专科医院双相障碍的检出率与年龄(r=-0.46,P=0.001)和首发年龄(r=-0.37,P=0.008)的相关性具有统计学意义。综合医院和精神专科医院未识别出的双相障碍患者在年龄(t=2.43,P=0.020)和首发年龄(t=3.67,P=0.001)上的差异具有统计学意义。精神专科医院中未识别出的双相障碍更多的伴有精神病性症状(χ2=3.99,P=0.046)。综合医院中未识别出的轻躁狂症状"目前发作"比率更高(χ2=8.15,P=0.017)。结论:综合医院和精神专科医院抑郁障碍门诊患者中双相障碍的漏诊和误诊因素不同。     

Somatization increases medical utilization and costs independent of psychiatric and medical comorbidity

CONTEXT: Somatoform disorders are an important determinant of medical care utilization, but their independent effect on utilization is difficult to determine because somatizing patients frequently have psychiatric and medical comorbidity. OBJECTIVES: To assess the extent of the overlap of somatization with other psychiatric disorders; to compare the medical utilization of somatizing and nonsomatizing patients; and to determine the independent contribution of somatization alone to utilization. DESIGN: Patients were surveyed with self-report questionnaires assessing somatization and psychiatric disorder. Medical care utilization was obtained from automated encounter data for the year preceding the index visit. Medical morbidity was indexed with a computerized medical record audit. SETTING: Two hospital-affiliated primary care practices. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive adults making scheduled visits to their primary care physicians on randomly chosen days. In all, 2668 questionnaires were distributed, and 1914 (71.7%) were returned. Of these, 1546 (80.8%) contained complete data and met eligibility criteria. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical care utilization and costs within our hospital system in the preceding 12 months. RESULTS: Two hundred ninety-nine patients (20.5%) received a provisional diagnosis of somatization; 42.3% of these patients had no comorbid depressive or anxiety disorder. Somatizing patients, when compared with nonsomatizing patients, had more primary care visits (mean [SE], 4.90 [0.32] vs 3.43 [0.11]; P<.001); more specialty visits (mean [SE], 8.13 [0.55] vs 4.90 [0.21]; P<.001); more emergency department visits (mean [SE], 1.29 [0.15] vs 0.52 [0.036]; P<.001); more hospital admissions (mean [SE], 0.32 [0.051] vs 0.13 [0.014]; P<.001); higher inpatient costs (mean [SE], USD 3146 [USD 380] vs USD 991 [USD 193]; P<.001); and higher outpatient costs (mean [SE], USD 3208 [USD 180] vs USD 1771 [USD 91]; P<.001). When these results were adjusted for the presence of comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders, major medical morbidity, and sociodemographic characteristics, patients with somatoform disorder still had more primary care visits (P = .04), more specialist visits (P = .002), more emergency department visits (P<.001), more hospital admissions (P<.001), more ambulatory procedures (P<.001), higher inpatient costs (P<.001), and higher outpatient costs (P<.001). When these findings are extrapolated to the national level, an estimated USD 256 billion a year in medical care costs are attributable to the incremental effect of somatization alone. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with somatization had approximately twice the outpatient and inpatient medical care utilization and twice the annual medical care costs of nonsomatizing patients. Adjusting the findings for the presence of psychiatric and medical comorbidity had relatively little effect on this association.     

伴有被害妄想的精神分裂症患者症状归因风格研究

目的:探讨伴有被害妄想的精神分裂症患者症状归因风格及其相关影响因素。方法:采用精神分裂症症状归因问卷(SAQS)和简明精神病评定量表评估136例伴有被害妄想的精神分裂症患者(病例组),并与132名正常人(正常对照组)进行分析比较。结果:两组SAQS问卷中内在-外在、局部-整体和可控-不可控归因维度的组别效应显著(F=49.14,F=49.01,F=36.88;P均=0.00)。多元回归分析显示,患者内在-外在维度得分受首发年龄、病程、敌对性因子和宗教因素的影响(β=-0.205、-0.189、-0.556、-0.170;P0.001或P0.05);暂时-持久维度得分受住院次数、焦虑忧郁因子分和迟滞因子分的影响明显(β=0.313、0.342、-0.266;P0.05);局部-整体维度得分受敌对性因子分影响较大(β=0.227,P0.05)。结论:与正常人相比,伴有被害妄想的精神分裂症患者症状归因特点趋于外在的、整体的和不可控的归因风格,且可能会随某些因素的变化而发生改变。     

Autism spectrum disorders: concurrent clinical disorders

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder are heterogeneous in clinical presentation, concurrent disorders, and developmental outcomes. This study characterized the clinical co-occurrences and potential subgroups in 160 children with autism spectrum disorders who presented to The Autism Center between 1999 and 2003. Medical and psychiatric co-occurrences included sleep disorders, epilepsy, food intolerance, gastrointestinal dysfunction, mood disorder, and aggressive and self-injurious behaviors. Sleep disorders were associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction (P < .05) and mood disorders (P < .01). Food intolerance was associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction (P = .001). Subjects with mood disorder tended to develop aggressive or self-injurious behaviors (P < .05). Developmental regression was not associated with increased co-occurrence of medical or psychiatric disorders. Medical co-occurrence did not present as a risk factor for psychiatric co-occurrence, and vice versa. These results showed a high prevalence of multiple medical and psychiatric co-occurrences. There may be common pathophysiologic mechanisms resulting in clinical subgroups of autism spectrum disorders. Recognition of the co-occurrence of concurrent disorders may provide insight into the therapeutic strategy.     

Depression, desperation, and suicidal ideation in college students: results from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention College Screening Project at Emory University

The objective of this investigation was to examine suicidal ideation and depression in undergraduate college students who participated in the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention-sponsored College Screening Project at Emory University. The principal measure of depressive symptoms was the nine-item depression module from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Additional questions were focused on current suicidal ideation, past suicide attempts, and episodes of deliberate self-harm and on symptoms of anxiety and distress. Seven hundred and twenty-nine students participated over a 3-school-year interval (2002-2005). Most notably, 11.1% of the students endorsed current (past 4 weeks) suicidal ideation and 16.5% had a lifetime suicide attempt or self-injurious episode. Students with current suicidal ideation had significantly higher depression symptom severity than those without suicidal ideation (t = -9.34, df = 706, P<.0001, d = 1.9), and 28.5% of the students with PHQ-9 scores of 15 or higher reported suicidal ideation compared to 5.7% of those with lower scores (chi(2) = 56.29, df = 1, P<.0001, two-tailed). Suicidal ideation was prominently associated with symptoms of desperation (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.6, P<.001). The vast majority of students with moderately severe to severe depression (85%) or current suicidal ideation (84%) were not receiving any psychiatric treatment at the time of assessment. These results suggest that there is a strong relationship between severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in college students, and that suicidal feelings and actions are relatively common in this group. This underscores the need to provide effective mental health outreach and treatment services to this vulnerable population. As this analysis was based on data collected at a single institution, the results may not be representative of all college students or young adults.     

住院老年精神疾病患者的现状调查

目的:对住院老年精神疾病患者的现状进行调查。方法:采用回顾性调查法和整群抽样法,收集四川省5所精神专科医院2013年5月至2013年10月住院的所有老年精神疾病患者的病历记录及一般人口学资料进行统计分析。结果:870例有效数据中,老年精神疾病患病率前3位依次为精神分裂症、器质性精神障碍及抑郁症;男性和女性的抑郁症、物质所致精神障碍、神经症的患病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=41.142,P0.05);农村与城市在精神分裂症、器质性精神病、躁狂症、神经症及双相障碍的患病率分布差异有统计学意义(χ~2=78.435,P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.037,P=0.001)和治疗方式(OR=0.252,P=0.000)对疗效影响显著。结论:住院老年精神疾病患者以农村、女性老人为多;综合治疗效果优于单纯药物治疗。