初中聋生心理健康状况的家庭影响因素研究

目的探讨影响初中聋生健康的家庭因素,为促进聋生心理健康和改善家庭环境提供依据。方法采用整群和分层整群抽样的方法,使用《心理健康诊断测验量表》(MHT)和《家庭环境量表》(FES)对河北省85名初中聋生和120名健听初中生进行问卷调查。结果初中聋生和健听学生心理健康水平差异无统计学意义,聋女生的心理健康状况显著高于男生(P<0.05);初中聋生与健听学生家庭环境在亲和度、成功性、娱乐性和控制性4个因子方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),在矛盾性上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);聋生总体心理健康状况与家庭环境中的矛盾性呈显著正相关(r=0.36),与情感表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.25),与娱乐性呈显著负相关(r=-0.43)。父母文化程度与聋生的自责倾向、冲动倾向(r值分别为-0.26和0.24)呈显著负相关。结论初中聋生的心理健康状况受性别、父母文化程度、家庭环境中的矛盾性、娱乐性、情感表达等多因素影响。     

浙江211名农村初中生家庭环境与亲子冲突的关系分析

目的探讨农村初中生家庭环境与亲子冲突及冲突解决策略之间的关系,为有效改善农村初中生的心理健康水平提供依据。方法随机选取浙江省211名农村初中生,采用家庭环境量表(FES-CV)、亲子冲突问卷和亲子冲突解决策略问卷进行问卷调查。结果不同年级农村初中生家庭环境中的亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、娱乐性和组织性得分差异均有统计学意义;初一学生学业、外表上的亲子冲突显著低于初二、初三学生。家庭环境的亲密度、矛盾性、成功性可预测与父亲的冲突,亲密度可预测与母亲的冲突;亲密度、矛盾性、知识性可以预测在与父亲的冲突中所采取的解决策略,亲密度、矛盾性、组织性则可以预测与母亲的冲突过程中所采取的解决策略。结论家庭环境与亲子冲突频率、亲子冲突解决策略均有密切关系。     

高中生网络成瘾与家庭环境的关系研究

[目的]调查高中生的网络成瘾状况,探讨高中生的网络成瘾倾向与家庭环境的关系。[方法]采用网络成瘾测试和家庭环境量表对河南省郑州市和潢川县两个地方1467名高中生进行调查。[结果]被调查有上网经历的高中生的网络成瘾的检出率为9%。不同性质学校、不同性别、不同父亲文化水平的高中生的网络成瘾的检出率差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05～0.01）。网络成瘾与非网络成瘾高中生在亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、知识性、道德宗教观、组织性、控制性8个因子差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05～0.001）。[结论]高中生的网络成瘾状况应该受到重视,男生及职业学校高中生是网络使用教育的重点。父母应该为高中生创造良好的家庭环境。     

示范高中学生心理健康状况与家庭环境关系

目的了解示范高中学生心理健康与家庭环境的关系,为有针对性地提高其心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用家庭环境量表（FES-CV）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对385名示范高中学生进行测评,并进行相关回归分析。结果与中国正常成人常模相比,其FES-CV中多数分量表得分较低;SCL-90总分和各因子得分均明显高于中国正常成人常模;不同心理健康水平的学生在EES-CV中的亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、成功性、文化性、娱乐性和组织性方面差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;FES-CV中因子与SCL-90中大多数因子显著相关;家庭亲密度、娱乐性、文化性、组织性、矛盾性、独立性6个因子进入SCL-90总分和某些症状因子的回归方程。结论家庭环境与示范高中学生心理健康水平密切相关,且对其心理健康水平有一定的预测作用。     

家庭环境对4～5岁儿童行为问题的影响

目的探讨家庭环境对4～5岁儿童行为问题的影响,以降低学龄前儿童行为问题的发生率.方法采用问卷调查的方法对600名4～5岁儿童的行为及家庭环境进行调查,应用SPSS软件进行多元回归分析.结果不同家庭精神环境特征对4～5岁儿童行为问题的影响不同,且存在明显的性别差异.影响男性儿童行为问题的家庭特征有亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、组织性和成功性;影响女性儿童的家庭特征有亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、组织性、成功性和娱乐性.结论家庭环境对4～5岁儿童行为发育产生重要影响.在进行学龄前儿童行为问题的诊断和干预时,要重视家庭环境的作用,并要注意性别差异.     

影响儿童行为问题的家庭环境因素

目的　了解家庭环境对儿童行为问题发生的影响。方法　采用Achenbach儿童行为量表 (CBCL)和家庭环境量表中文版 (FES-CV)对苏州地区一～六年级小学生 2 1 87名的行为问题及其家庭环境进行调查 ,用SPSS软件包统计分析。结果　男生行为问题的发生与其家庭环境的亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、知识性、娱乐性、组织性、控制性的相关性有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;女生行为问题的发生与其家庭环境的亲密度、情感表达、矛盾性、成功性、知识性、娱乐性的相关性有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1 )。Logistic回归分析发现家庭环境的高亲密度会降低男性儿童 5个行为问题的发生率 ,高矛盾性会增加小学男生 4个行为问题的发生率 ;女生家庭环境的高亲密度会降低 5个行为问题的发生率 ,高矛盾性会增加小学女生 5个行为问题的发生率 ,且均有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5)。结论　家庭环境对小学生行为问题的发生有重要影响 ,必须重视家庭环境各因素的作用     

家庭环境对儿童行为问题的影响

目的探讨家庭环境对儿童行为问题的影响，以降低儿童行为问题的发生率。方法采用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL）对105名儿童的行为及家庭环境进行调查。结果不同家庭精神环境特征对儿童行为问题的影响存在明显的性别差异。影响男性儿童行为问题的家庭特征有矛盾性、知识性；影响女性儿童的家庭特征有亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、组织性成功性和娱乐性。结论家庭环境对儿童行为有重要影响。在进行儿童行为问题的诊断和干预时，要重视家庭环境的作用，并要注意性别差异。     

医学新生家庭环境与应对方式的关系

目的探讨医学新生的家庭环境状况与应对方式的关系,为高校新生心理健康教育提供依据。方法运用家庭环境量表(FES-CV)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)对医科大学新生655名进行调查。结果家庭环境除了亲密度因子外,其余因子与常模差异均有统计学意义。家庭环境因素中亲密度、知识性、成功性和娱乐性对积极应对影响较大,而组织性、控制性和道德宗教对消极应对影响较明显。结论家庭环境与子女的应对方式关系密切,应注意为子女创造良好的家庭环境,培养其积极的应对方式。     

家庭环境对初高中学生心理健康影响的差异研究

目的了解初、高中学生对家庭环境感知及对心理健康影响的差异，为有针对性地开展心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用家庭环境量表（FES—CV）、症状自评量表（SCL-90）对738名中学生（初中生423名，高中生315名）进行测评。结果家庭环境感知与学生心理健康水平相关，初、高中生对家庭环境感知差异存在显著性。逐步多元回归分析表明，矛盾感、亲密度对初中生的心理健康具有预测作用，亲密度、独立性、矛盾感，控制感对高中生的心理健康具有预测作用。结论初、高中生对家庭环境感知存在差异，对心理健康的影响也不相同。     

家庭环境及父母教养方式对儿童行为问题的影响

目的 了解影响儿童行为问题的家庭环境及父母教养方式等因素,为引导儿童养成健康的行为习惯提供科学依据.方法 选择包头市某小学全部在校生825名,运用Conners儿童行为问卷、父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)、家庭环境量表(FES-CV)进行问卷调查.结果 单因素相关分析显示,家庭环境和教养方式中多个因子与儿童行为问题具有相关性.多元网归分析表明,影响儿章品行问题的因素有家庭矛盾性、组织性、娱乐性、成功性、亲密度及父母教养方式中母亲拒绝否认、母亲过分干涉和过分保护;影响学习问题的有家庭矛盾性、知识性、成功性及母亲惩罚严厉、偏爱被试和父亲偏爱被试;影响心身障碍的有家庭矛盾性和亲密度;影响冲动多动行为的有家庭矛盾性及父亲拒绝否认;影响儿童焦虑情绪的有家庭矛盾性、知识性、亲密度、成功性;影响多动指数的有家庭矛盾性、知识性、组织性、成功性及母亲惩罚严厉.结论 家庭环境及父母教养方式是儿童行为问题的影响因素,在矫正儿童行为问题时应重点关注家庭及父母对孩子的影响.     

Nutrition and mental health research in Australia and New Zealand: A review of progress and directions for the future

This review summarises nutrition and mental health research in Australia and New Zealand between 1986 and 2006. The method used to identify papers for inclusion was a search of computerised databases: Medline, Cinahl and Meditext 1986–2006, with subsequent bibliographical review. Key search words were nutrition, diet, mental disorder, mental illness, weight, physical health, Australia and New Zealand. Inclusion criteria included: English language, original data in peer reviewed journals, and examination of some component of nutrition in people with a mental illness. The review of thirteen papers found that the evidence base for dietetic practice in mental health has developed through small assessment and interventional research, often with multidisciplinary collaboration. Future research should include quality and outcome measures with intersectoral partnerships. Dietitians are well positioned to lead and participate in mental health research and to implement research findings to improve the nutritional status of this vulnerable group.     

Prevalence of serious mental illness among parents in the United States: results from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health, 2008–2014

PurposeThis brief research report presents findings from a US national household survey on the number and percentage of parents with mental illness.MethodsUsing combined annual data from the 2008–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, parents were defined as having children in the household from birth to 18 years. Prediction models developed in an earlier clinical study using a National Survey on Drug Use and Health subsample were used to estimate serious mental illness (SMI).ResultsA total of 2.7 million parents (3.8%) had a SMI in the past year and 12.8 million parents (18.2%) had any mental illness in the past year. Mental illness was more common among mothers than fathers and least common among Asians compared with other races. SMI was less prevalent in parents who were aged 50 years and older compared with younger age groups.ConclusionsThe burden of mental illness in parents is high in the United States, especially among mothers. Physicians who treat parents should routinely screen for mental illness and discuss its implications for parenting.     

A review of mental health literacy in Singapore

ABSTRACT

Mental health is a major concern throughout the world. The lifetime prevalence of mental health problems in Singapore for those aged 18 years and above was reported to be 12%. However, studies on mental health literacy are relatively scarce in Singapore. The aim of this paper is to provide a topical review of local studies on mental health literacy, people’s knowledge of, and attitude toward mental illness, and beliefs about mental health treatment. A narrative review of studies on mental health literacy in Singapore covering the period from 1995 to 2016 highlights the findings from various local studies about attitudes toward mental illness, belief about the causes, and help-seeking behavior. Findings revealed that many lay people are unable to recognize different types of mental disorders. Negative attitudes toward mental illness that hinders individuals from seeking professional treatment, and help-seeking, are the common themes that emerge from the findings. Health professionals have differing views about the causes and treatment of mental disorders. Findings also revealed that treatment seeking and attitudes and beliefs toward mental illness are related to mental health literacy. Implications for promoting mental health literacy are provided.     

Symptoms,functioning and quality of life after treatment in a residential sub‐acute mental health service in Australia

The aim of this study was to assess clients' and service providers' perspectives on changes in mental health after an admission to a residential recovery‐focused, sub‐acute service, in Australia. Clients were either step‐up clients, entering the service directly from the community, or step‐down clients who were transitioning from an inpatient unit to home. During the 30‐month period of data collection (August 2011 to January 2014) all clients (N = 102) were invited to participate in the longitudinal study and 41 clients consented to be involved (38% response rate). At admission and exit, participants completed the Behaviour and Symptom Identification Scale (Basis‐32) and service providers completed the Life Skills Profile‐16 and Health of the Nations Outcome Scales. Follow‐up data 3 months after exit were available for 12 clients, including the Basis‐32 and a self‐report measure of quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life 8‐dimension). Both client groups reported positive improvements between admission and exit in the areas of relation to self and others, psychosis, daily living and presence of depression or anxiety symptoms. Service providers reported gains for clients in the areas of self‐care, level of symptoms and presence of social problems. At 3 months, clients generally reported positive quality of life, although there was no significant change in symptoms and functioning. This study demonstrates that after an admission to a sub‐acute service, step‐up clients experience an improvement in their symptoms and functioning, have avoided a hospital admission and are well enough to return home. Step‐down clients also experience further improvements in their symptoms and functioning, indicating that the service has assisted them in their transition to independent living after a hospital admission. Sub‐acute residential units provide a continuation of care for inpatients preparing to return home, and people with a mental health problem living in the community who experience an escalation in symptoms and prefer an alternative to hospital.     

心理干预对部队官兵心理健康的维护作用

目的研究团体授课、小组访谈、个别咨询和骨干培训相结合的心理干预模式对部队官兵心理健康的维护作用,为建立有效的心理干预模式提供科学依据。方法选取某部官兵1096名,以团为单位进行半年1次的团体授课,以班、排为单位进行小组心理访谈,同时进行面对面心理咨询、电话咨询和网络咨询及骨干培训,于干预前和干预2年后进行症状自评量表(SCL-90)测评。结果与干预前比较,干预后全体官兵SCL-90除躯体化、强迫性、敌对因子外,其余各项分值均显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),其中士官、高中和初中学历官兵、非独生子官兵的SCL-90总分及多项因子分在干预后均显著下降(P<0.05,P<0.01);义务兵、非婚官兵的SCL-90少数因子分或总分也显著下降;而干部、大专以上学历官兵、独生子官兵及已婚官兵干预前后的总分和因子分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后有些SCL-90项目测试异常(总分>160分、躯体化>2分、焦虑>2分和3分)的百分率均显著下降。结论本研究采取的心理干预对维护部队官兵心理健康有明显的促进作用;有效的心理干预模式应根据不同职别、学历、是否独生子和婚姻状况等实际情况制定针对性方案。     

独生子女心理特点与心理健康教育探讨

本对襄樊市１７３２名１０～１５岁的中小学生进行了独生子女和非独生子女心理行为特点的对比研究。结果表明：独生子女的劳动习惯、卫生习惯与自理能力远不如非独生子女（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．００１）；合群性则以独生子女优于非独生子女（Ｐ＜０．００１）。独生子女中“多血质”占３７．８０％，明显多于其它类型气质（Ｐ＜０．００１）；非独生子女中“粘液质”占３４．２０％，明显多于其它类型气质（Ｐ＜０．００１）     

上海城乡儿童智力发育调查

为探索着力低下早期发现的途径和方法，对上海城乡4546名0～12岁）儿童进行了智力发育测查。首先用DDST或绘人测验进行智力筛查，筛查阳性者按不同年龄用儿——心量表、WPPSI或WISC—R进行测试。DQ或IQ低于70者以婴幼儿一初中生社会生活量表进行社会适应能力评估。测查结果共发现智力低下42例，占调查儿童总数的9．24％。城乡相比，农村智力低下现患率（16．13‰）明显高于城市（4．19‰），P＜0．01。从性别来分，男孩现患率（11．36‰）高于女孩（6．91‰）。智力低下患病率有随年龄增加而上升的趋势。因素分析与配对研究显示智力低下与父母文化素质有密切关系，父母文化程度小学以下者其子女智力低下患病率高。智力低下的发生还与高危因素有关。