部分CO2重吸入与经食管超声测定的连续心排血量相关性比较

目的比较部分CO2重吸入法和经食管超声多普勒测定的连续心排血量相关性.方法ASA II级择期腹部手术患者9例,全麻插管后同时用两种方法连续测量每例患者心排量并每3min同步记录.部分CO2重吸入法使用NICO2监护仪,将重吸入环接于气管导管和螺纹管Y接口之间,其引起CO2部分重吸入,每3min为一测量周期,通过示踪测量周期内正常呼吸期与重吸入期呼吸末CO2浓度和CO2产量变化,推算参与气体交换的肺毛细血管血流量,补偿肺内分流得总心排量;经食管超声法用HemosonicTM100血液动力学监测仪,将超声探头经口放入食管内,探头位置相当于第三、四肋骨间隙,调节探头柄使探头刚好面向后方的降主动脉中心血流,连续监测心排量.应用偏差和相关分析,重吸入法与经食管超声心排量的差值称之偏差.结果两种测量方法的一致性较好,偏差是-0.27±0.46L/min,重吸入法测出的心排量略小于经食管超声心排量,偏差的95.9%区间是0.65～-1.19L/min;两种测量方法高度相关(r=0.76,P<0.01,n=278),一元线性回归方程式重吸入法心排量=0.76×经食管超声心排量+0.95.结论部分CO2重吸入法与经食管超声测定的连续心排血量相关性很好,其操作简单、无创伤,无风险,患者适应症宽,在临床麻醉中有重要应用价值.     

二氧化碳重复吸入无创心排血量与热稀释有创心排血量相关性动物实验对比研究

目的:研究部分二氧化碳重复吸入无创心排血量和热稀释有创心排血量的相关性,为临床应用提供依据.方法:选用重庆地区健康雄性杂种犬6只,麻醉后气管切开气管导管置入.呼吸机控制通气下,采用美国NICO心输出量监测仪用部分二氧化碳重复吸入法连续监测无创心排血量(RBco);经右颈内静脉插入5F Swan-Gans漂浮导管至肺动脉,采用热稀释法测定有创心排血量(TDco).用正、负性肌力药物干预心排血量,在不同条件下对两种方法所测心排血量进行自体配对相关性研究.结果:配对t检验示未用药物干预前(基础状态)两种方法测定的心排血量值无显著性差异(P＞0.05),CORB和COTD呈明显的直线正相关,相关回归分析示:相关系数r=0.89,回归方程为CORB=0.78COTD 0.25;注射影响心肌收缩力药物后两种方法所测心输出量仍呈明显直线正相关,相关系数r=0.81,回归方程为CORB=0.91COTD 0.61.结论:部分二氧化碳重复吸入无创心排血量与热稀释有创心排血量间有良好的相关性,此无创心排血量监测方法为危重病人循环监测提供了一种新手段.     

经典式原位肝移植手术中两种心排血量测定法的比较

目的比较经典式原位肝移植手术对CO 2部分重吸入法和持续温度稀释法测定心排血量(CO)的影响.方法行经典式原位肝移植手术患者14例,于手术探查,门静脉阻断即刻和阻断后15、30 min,开放即刻和开放后15、30、60 min各时间点,分别用CO 2部分重吸入法和持续温度稀释法测定CO(RB CO和TD CO),将结果进行比较.结果 RB CO和TD CO在门静脉阻断后都呈下降趋势,最低值出现于阻断15 min时,开放后则明显升高,TD CO的升幅大于RB CO,并一直处于上升趋势中,而RB CO在开放15 min时有一回落.除开放15 min时间点以外,各时间点RB CO均显著低于TD CO(P<0.01).各时间点TD CO与RB CO的相关性检验均有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论在经典式原位肝移植手术中,CO 2部分重吸入法所测得的CO普遍低于持续温度稀释法所测值,但发展趋势相似,两者之间相关性良好.     

无创心排血量监测仪对危重病人七氟醚麻醉诱导的监测

目的:本研究评价无创心排血量监测仪应用于危重病人七氟醚麻醉诱导监测血流动力学的临床价值。方法:择期Ⅲ级以上危重病人手术病人100例,于麻醉前连接Solar 8000M无创心排监测仪(美国GE公司生产)。在吸入6%七氟醚麻醉诱导下置入喉罩,分别于诱导前、置喉罩前、置喉罩时、置喉罩后1分钟及置喉罩后3分钟时监测患者平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、心排血量(CO)、心排指数(CI)、外周阻力(SVR)等指标。并比较CO、CI、SVR、和HR的变化。结果:诱导前后MAP、HR、CO、CI、SVR值的差异均无统计学意义(p>0.05)。结论:无创心排血量监测仪适用监测危重病人七氟醚麻醉诱导。     

超声心排血量监护仪监测左右心心排血量的相关性研究

目的 采用超声心排血量监护仪(USCOM)监测正常人左心和右心的心排血量(CO)、心指数(CI)的相关性.方法 利用USCOM分别经过主动脉瓣(AV)区和肺动脉瓣(PV)区监测46例正常人安静状态下左、右心的CO、CI,并对监测结果进行相关性研究.结果 USCOM测得左、右心的CO和CI间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).左、右心的CO相关(P＝0.000),左、右心的CI亦相关(P＝0.000).结论 左、右心的CO及CI有相关性,利用USCOM监测CO时,如果一侧心CO结果不满意可用监测的另一侧CO替代.     

阻抗法心排血量监测在急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭17例中的应用

目的:评估生物阻抗法心排血量监测在心肌梗死合并心衰患者中的临床应用价值。方法:急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者17例,应用生物阻抗法和温度稀释法(TD)同时测定心排血量(CO)及其他相关参数,对两种方法所测数据进行自体配对相关性分析。结果:配对t检验显示两种方法测定的CO值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),相关分析示相关系数为0.90,阻抗法和温度稀释法测定心排血量有较好的相关性。结论:生物阻抗法是一种无创、简便、连续的测定心输出量的方法,能较客观地反映心功能状况,具有一定的临床价值。     

重建心阻抗图测定心排血量的正常值分析

目的探讨重建心阻抗图测定心排血量的正常值。方法检测180例正常成人的重建心阻抗微分图,用重建非线性公式计算心搏出量,分性别和年龄组统计心搏出量(SV)、心搏指数(SVI)、每分心排血量(CO)、心排血指数(CI)。结果重建阻抗法的心排血量随年龄的增大而减少;同年龄组内男性的SV、CO高于女性,但SVI、CI男女基本一致;心排血指数CI的正常值>2.7 L/(min.m2)。结论重建心阻抗法的心排血量能够反映人体的生理变化。     

经典式原位肝移植手术中两种心排血量测定法的比较

目的比较经典式原位肝移植手术对CO2部分重吸入法和持续温度稀释法测定心排血量(CO)的影响。方法行经典式原位肝移植手术患者14例,于手术探查,门静脉阻断即刻和阻断后15、30 m in,开放即刻和开放后15、30、60 m in各时间点,分别用CO2部分重吸入法和持续温度稀释法测定CO(RBCO和TDCO),将结果进行比较。结果RBCO和TDCO在门静脉阻断后都呈下降趋势,最低值出现于阻断15 m in时,开放后则明显升高,TDCO的升幅大于RBCO,并一直处于上升趋势中,而RBCO在开放15 m in时有一回落。除开放15 m in时间点以外,各时间点RBCO均显著低于TDCO(P<0.01)。各时间点TDCO与RBCO的相关性检验均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论在经典式原位肝移植手术中,CO2部分重吸入法所测得的CO普遍低于持续温度稀释法所测值,但发展趋势相似,两者之间相关性良好。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术围手术期右心室容量的变化及其意义

目的　应用新型有创血流动力学监测仪观察冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)围术期右心室容量的变化 ,并探讨其意义。方法　 4 0例冠心病患者行CABG ,连续监测患者的心排血量 (CO)、心脏指数 (CI)、平均动脉压 (MAP)、肺毛细血管楔压 (PCWP)、全身血管阻力 (SVR)、右心射血分数 (RVEF)、右室舒张末容积 (RVEDV)、右室收缩末容积 (RVESV)等血流动力学参数。结果　与术前相比 ,CO、CI、RVEF在体外循环转机前呈下降趋势 ,体外转机停机后CO、CI、RVEF、RVEDV值逐渐上升 (P <0 .0 1) ,术后早期再次下降 ,至术后 8h又逐渐升高 ;SVR在体外循环转机前也有所下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在术后早期逐步升高 ,后又下降。结论　行CABG手术的患者在围术期右心功能代偿性增加 ;术后早期患者均出现不同程度低心排血量的表现 ,但很快就能被机体代偿。右心容量监测有助于围术期监测 ,指导临床治疗     

连续心排血量测定

心排血量(CO)测定是反映整个循环系统状况,包括心脏机械功能和了解前、后负荷,心率、心肌收缩力等,并可由此计算出各种血流动力学指标,估计病人的预后,指导心血管系统的各种治疗。Fick 原理的温度稀释法已公认为经典的 CO 测定的方法,近来采用加温作为指示剂,同时解决了一系列技术上问题,成为连续心排血量测定(CCO)技术,随之,又加入光导纤维混合静脉血氧饱和度监测(SvO_2),使其对血流动力学的监测更加完善。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.