老年类风湿性关节炎患者自身抗体检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、抗核周因子(APF)、抗Sa抗体及类风湿因子(RF)对老年类风湿性关节炎(EORA)临床诊断和判断预后的意义。方法：检测51例EORA患者血清中AKA、APF、抗Sa抗体及RF，结合临床资料分析。结果：AKA、APF、抗Sa抗体和RF对EORA诊断敏感性和特异性分别为31．4％和98．0％、70．6％和90．7％、37．3％和95．4％、51．0％和84．1％。以任两种抗体同时阳性判断，敏感性66．7％，特异性98．0％。AKA阳性组IgM、ESR较阴性组高(P=0．002，P=0．048)。3种或3种以上抗体阳性组中，医生对病情评估较阴性组、1种及2种抗体阳性组明显重(P=0．004，P=O．025，P=0．016)，患者对疼痛评估较1种及2种抗体阳性组重(P=0．028，P=0．021)，Sharp评分高于阴性组(P=0．048)。25例RF阴性EORA中，AKA、APF和抗Sa抗体阳性率分别为16％、60％和40％。AKA与APF呈正相关。结论：4种抗体联合检测有助于EORA尤其是RF阴性EORA的诊断；AKA可能系病情活动及严重的指标；3种或3种以上抗体阳性者病情较重、预后不良。     

多种自身抗体在老年类风湿关节炎诊断中的临床应用价值

目的：探讨抗环瓜氨酸（CCP）抗体、抗角蛋白（AKA）抗体、抗核周因子（APF）和RA33抗体在老年起病类风湿关节炎（EORA）诊断和鉴别诊断中的临床意义。方法：对95例EORA（EORA组）、69例风湿性多肌痛（PMR）患者（PMR组）和47例健康者（对照组）进行抗CCP抗体、AKA、APF和RA33抗体检测,其中抗CCP抗体和RA33抗体采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA法）检测,AKA和APF采用间接免疫荧光法（ⅡF）法检测。结果：①抗CCP抗体、AKA、APF和RA33抗体在EORA组的敏感性和特异性分别为（58．9％、95．8％）、（33．7％、91．4％）、（31．6％、89．4％）和（36．8％、86．7％）,显著高于PMR组和对照组（P〈0．01）。②EORA组抗CCP抗体的敏感性显著高于AKA、APF和RA33抗体（P〈0．05）。联合检测4种抗体,敏感性有所降低,但使阳性率提高至98．9％,且有更高的阳性预测值。③69例PMR患者中有6例患者CCP抗体阳性,3例AKA阳性,且与CCP抗体相重叠,2例APF阳性,2例RA33阳性,1年后3例重叠阳性的PMR患者确诊为EORA。结论：PMR与EORA有相似的临床症状和特征,临床上有时难以鉴别,极少数病例,在早期不典型时易误诊,但抗CCP抗体、AKA、APF和RA33抗体仍主要出现在EORA患者中,尤其抗CCP抗体有较高的敏感性和特异性,4种抗体联合检测有更高的特异性和阳性预测值,同时结合临床症状、影像学改变等,4种抗体联合检测对EORA的诊断和鉴别诊断有很高的临床应用价值。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体对老年发病的类风湿关节炎诊断意义的研究

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体对老年类风湿关节炎（EORA）的诊断意义。方法应用ELISA方法对EORA组（n=30）、风湿性多肌痛（PMR）组（n=27）、骨关节炎（OA）组（n=30）、健康对照组（n=30）血清抗CCP抗体水平进行检测,并研究其与EORA患者病情活动度的关系。结果抗CCP抗体对EORA诊断的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值及阴性预测值均明显高于类风湿因子（RF）,抗CCP抗体水平与EORA患者疾病活动度呈明显正相关（r=0.419,P=0.021）。结论抗CCP抗体检测有助于EORA的诊断,是病情活动性的指标。     

抗聚角蛋白微丝蛋白抗体的检测在类风湿关节炎诊断中的意义

目的：探讨抗聚角蛋白微丝蛋白抗体（AFA）对RA诊断的意义，并比较其与抗核周因子抗体（APF），抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）以及HLA－DR4之间的相关性。方法；用免疫印迹法（WB）检测157例类风湿关节炎（RA）血清标本和104例对照血清，包括系统性红斑 狼疮（SLE)、干燥综合征（SS）、骨关节炎（OA）等的AFA。APF和AKA用间接免疫荧光法检测。结果：157例RA病人的AFA敏感性和特异性分别为36．3％、 93．4％，与疾病对照组和正常对照组相比，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。57例AFA阳性的血清中，其中AKA同时阳性的有36例,重叠为63．2％；APF同时阳性的有38例，重叠率为66．7％；HLA－DR4同时阳性的有36例，重叠率为52．6％。统计学分析证实AFA与AKA、APF及HLA－DR4之间有相关性。结论：AFA对RA具有很高的特异性，可用于RA的临床诊断。AFA与APF、AKA及GLA－DR4有相关性。AFA不能完全替代APF和AKA，三项临床检测可互相补充,提高RA的诊断率。     

抗瓜氨酸肽抗体谱在幼年类风湿关节炎诊断中的意义

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（抗CCP抗体）、类风湿因子（RF）、抗核周因子（APF）、抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）对幼年类风湿关节炎（JRA）诊断的意义，并与类风湿关节炎（RA）进行比较。方法分别采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、胶乳凝集法、间接免疫荧光法检测54例JRA患者、31例非RA对照组、116例成人RA患者血清中的抗CCP抗体、RF、APF、AKA。结果54例JRA患者抗CCP抗体、RF、APF、AKA的敏感性分别为61．1％、57．4％、37．0％、18．5％，特异性分别为96．8％、93．6％、96．8％、100％。抗CCP抗体与RF在JRA的敏感性差异无统计学意义，但明显高于APF、AKA;4种抗体在JRA的特异性比较差异无统计学意义。RA患者中4种抗体敏感性分别为82．3％、78．3％、48．7％、25．4％，特异性分别为95．7％、7．3．7％、91．6％、94．0％。4种抗体在JRA诊断中的敏感性均明显低于RA组，RF在JRA患者中特异性明显高于RA患者，而其他3种抗体的特异性在两组患者比较差异无统计学意义。结论虽然抗CCP抗体谱在JRA诊断中的敏感性不及RA组，但对JRA的诊断仍具有较好的敏感性和特异性，可用于JRA的诊断。     

抗纤聚蛋白抗体检测及其在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 了解抗纤聚蛋白抗体（AFA）的临床意义。方法 从乳腺癌患者切除乳房皮肤中提取纤聚蛋白（filaggrin)，应用免疫印迹法检测类风湿关节炎（RA）及其他风湿病患者血清AFA，结合临床资料进行分析。结果 178例RA中AFA阳性71例，对RA诊断敏感性39．9％，特异性96．9％。31例早期RA阳性率48．4％，48例RF阴性患者AFA阳性率29．2％，AFA阳性者平均年龄，平均发病年龄，继发Sjoegren综合征，RF阳性率，平均滴度较阴性者高，AFA与年龄，类风湿因子（RF）相关，AFA与抗角蛋白抗体（AKA），抗核周因子抗体（APF）相关。结论 AFA检测对RA有诊断价值，特别有利于RF阴性及早期RA诊断。AFA与AKA和APF相关，但并不完全重叠，其所识别抗原，无一包含所有抗原决定簇，免疫印迹法检测AFA方法简单可靠，可能补充间接免疫荧光法检测AKA，APF。     

四种抗体联合检测在类风湿关节炎早期诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨抗核周因子抗体(APF)、抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、类风湿因子(RF)、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体(抗-CCP抗体)联合检测在类风湿关节炎(RA)早期诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 对RA患者127例、非RA其他风湿病患者102例及正常对照组43例，采用速率散射免疫比浊法检测RF；酶联免疫吸附法定量检测抗-CCP抗体；免疫荧光法检测AKA、APF，并采用四格表法计算敏感度及特异性。结果RA组的RF、APF、AKA、抗-CCP抗体敏感度分别为65．4％、48．8％、32．3％、83．5％，特异性分别为73．5％、92．2％、93．1％、94．1％，同时出现三种抗体和四种抗体的特异性为99．0％、100％；非RA组无四种抗体同时出现的情况。结论 RF敏感性较高，但特异性较差；APF、AKA、抗-CCP抗体三种自身抗体对RA具有高度特异性，且在RA早期即可出现。四种抗体联合检测有助于提高RA的早期诊断率。     

抗瓜氨酸化蛋白／肽抗体对类风湿关节炎的诊断价值

目的探讨4种抗瓜氨酸化蛋白，肽抗体（anti-citrufllinated protein／peptide autoantibodies，ACPAs）-抗核周因子（anti-perinuclear fator，APF）、抗角蛋白抗体（anti-keratin antibody，AKA）、抗角蛋白微丝聚集蛋白抗体（antiprofillagrin／fillagrin antibody，AFA）、第二代抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（second generation of anti-cylic citrulline peptide antibody，CCPⅡ）对类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis，RA）的诊断意义及其结果的一致性。方法 对129例RA、153例其他风湿性疾病患者和94名健康对照者的血清进行类风湿因子（rheumatoid factor，RF）和ACPAs检测。RF采用乳胶间接凝集法检测。APF和AKA采用间接免疫荧光法检测，AFA、抗CCP（Ⅱ）抗体采用酶联免疫吸附法检测。结果APF、AKA、AFA和抗CCP（Ⅱ）抗体对RA的诊断特异性分别为90.3％、94．7％、93．5％和94．7％，敏感性分别为58．1％、40.3％、62．0％和67．4％；而RF的诊断特异性和敏感性为77．7％和46．5％。APF与AFA、APF与抗CCP（Ⅱ）和AFA与抗CCP（Ⅱ）抗体间检测结果一致性较好，Kappa值分别是0．596、0．572和0．576。结论ACPAs是RA的诊断特异性抗体，其中抗CCP（Ⅱ）抗体的敏感性和特异性最高，且与APF和AFA抗体间结果具有明显的一致性。     

抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体检测在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 检测抗环瓜氨酸肽（CCP）抗体在类风湿关节炎（RA）中的阳性率,探讨抗CCP抗体检测在RA中的意义。方法 以根据已知cDNA序列人工合成的CCP为抗原建立ELISA方法检测294例RA,132例其他风湿性疾病,135例非风湿性疾病中的抗CCP抗体的分布。比较抗CCP抗体与抗核周因子（APF）、抗角蛋白抗体（AKA）、类风湿因子（RF）以及HLA－DR4的相关性。结果 294例RA病人中,抗CCP抗体的阳性率为46．6％,其他风湿性疾病的阳性率为5．3％,非风湿性疾病的阳性率为1．5％。抗CCP抗体对RA的敏感性和特异性分别为46．6％,96．6％。抗CCP抗体与APF、AKA以及HLA－DR4之间有相关性,与RF之间无相关性。结论 抗CCP抗体对RA具有良好的敏感性（46．6％）和特异性（96．6％）,能用于RA的诊断。抗CCP抗体与AFP、AKA有相关性,但不完全重叠。抗CCP抗体可视为RA新的血清学诊断指标。     

抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体联合检测对老年人RA的临床意义

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（抗CCP抗体）和抗Sa抗体联合检测对老年人类风湿关节炎（RA）的临床意义。方法检测85例老年人RA患者的抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体，结合临床资料分析。结果抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体对RA诊断敏感性分别为77．6％和32．9％，特异性分别为97．4％和95．4％。抗CCP抗体、抗Sa抗体、类风湿因子（RF）均阳性组医生对病情评估、患者对病情评估、Sharp评分、ESR及CRP水平均较阴性组增高。24例RF阴性老年人RA中，抗CCP抗体、抗Sa抗体阳性率分别为50％、41．7％。结论抗CCP抗体和抗Sa抗体联合检测有助于老年人RA的诊断，且二者与患者病情活动性及严重性相关。     

类风湿关节炎血清学早期诊断

目的 探索抗核周因子（ＡＰＦ）、抗角蛋白抗体（ＡＫＡ）、抗Ｓａ抗体及抗ＲＡ３３／３６抗体检测对ＲＡ的早期诊断价值。方法 对未肯定诊断的关节痛／关节炎病人１１６例进行上述四种抗体检测并随访观察。ＡＰＦ和ＡＫＡ用间接免疫荧光法进行检测。抗Ｓａ抗体和抗ＲＡ３３／３６抗体用免疫印迹法检测。结果 对１１６例未肯定诊断的关节痛／关节患者随访４￣１８个月。ＡＰＦ阳性的２９例中,最后确诊为ＲＡ２０（６９％）;ＡＫ     

抗核周因子的检测及其在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 了解抗核周因子（ＡＰＦ）对类风湿关节炎（ＲＡ）的诊断价值,并探讨其与ＲＡ病情的关系。方法 以健康人颊粘膜细胞为抗原,采用间接免疫荧光法检测１４３例ＲＡ,１８４例其他风湿病患者和１６８例正常人的血清ＡＰＦ;ＲＡ病人的红细胞沉降率（ＥＳＲ）,类风湿因子（ＲＦ）,抗鼠食管角质层抗体（ＡＫＡ）,抗ＲＡ３３抗体,医生和患者病情活动性评价,压痛及肿胀关节指数,放射学病情进展改进的Ｓｈａｒｐ评分也同时评估     

Autoantibodies can be prognostic markers of an erosive disease in early rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a contribution of selected laboratory parameters for a prediction of progressive and erosive development in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: In a prospective study baseline levels of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), IgM, IgA, and IgG rheumatoid factors (RFs) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 104 patients with RA with disease duration <2 years. Antikeratin antibodies (AKA) and antiperinuclear factor (APF) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. Patients were divided into two groups based either on the presence or absence of erosions or according to progression of Larsen score at the end of the 24 months' follow up. RESULTS: Sixty seven (64%) patients developed radiographic erosions, 49 (47%) had progression in Larsen score, and 36 (35%) progressed by more than 10 Larsen units. Significant differences in erosions and progression between the two groups were detected for anti-CCP, AKA, APF, IgM RF, IgA RF, and IgG RF. Baseline Larsen score correlated significantly with anti-CCP, IgM RF, and IgA RF levels, and all measured antibodies correlated with the progression >10 units. The combination of anti-CCP and IgM RF increased the ability to predict erosive and progressive disease. CONCLUSION: The data confirmed that measurement of anti-CCP, AKA, APF, and individual isotypes of RFs was useful for prediction of structural damage early in the disease course. Combined analysis of anti-CCP and IgM RF provides the most accurate prediction.     

Value of antibodies to citrulline-containing peptides for diagnosing early rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic values of antiperinuclear factor (APF), antikeratin antibody (AKA), and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) to discriminate between patients with and without rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to determine the diagnostic value of anti-CCP used alone or with other tests. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy patients with early arthritis underwent standardized investigations in 1995-1997. The clinical utility of APF, AKA, and anti-CCP in first-visit sera was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic curves. Combinations of anti-CCP with other laboratory tests were assessed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Anti-CCP, APF, and AKA were not perfectly correlated with one another. Anti-CCP with 53 UI as the cutoff was 47% sensitive and 93% specific, versus 52% and 79%, and 47% and 94%, for APF and AKA, respectively. Multiple logistic regression selected anti-CCP, AKA, IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF) ELISA, and the latex test. CONCLUSION: Rheumatologists can routinely use 2 or 3 tests for diagnosing RA (latex and/or IgM RF ELISA, and either AKA or anti-CCP ELISA) and can add a third or fourth test when the diagnosis remains in doubt.     

Antiperinuclear factor: indicator of more severe disease in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis

The specificity of antiperinuclear factor (APF) for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is well documented. It is unknown whether detection of these antibodies adds information to the detection of rheumatoid factor (RF). In a group of 132 patients with RA, 94 were RF positive. Of the 38 patients persistently negative for RF, 14 (37%) were positive for APF. These 14 proved to have a disease course similar to that of RF positive patients. This similarity was shown most impressively by radiological progression of the disease, and to a lesser extent, by the medication needed to control the disease and the number of extraarticular manifestations. No significant correlation was shown between APF and antinuclear antibodies. Among the RF positive patients with their generally poorer prognosis, APF identified the worst affected. Our study suggests that APF in serum of patients with RA is associated with a poor disease outcome, especially in RF negative patients.     

An eight year prospective study of outcome prediction by antiperinuclear factor and antikeratin antibodies at onset of rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: Antikeratin antibodies (AKA) and antiperinuclear factor (APF) are specific antibodies found very early in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of this eight year follow up study was to assess the value of early AKA and APF assays in predicting functional disability and cartilage damage. METHOD: In 2000, 64 patients tested for AKA and APF (antifilaggrin antibodies) between 1990 and 1993 during evaluation of early symmetric oligoarthritis or polyarthritis (suspected RA) were invited to participate in this non-concurrent cohort study. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, disease activity score (DAS), and Larsen radiographic score were the primary evaluation criteria. RESULTS: Twenty nine patients were re-evaluated. Clinical and laboratory data obtained in 1993 were similar in this group and in the 35 other patients. Twenty five patients had received a diagnosis of RA. Nine (31%) were rheumatoid factor (RF) positive, nine (31%) were AKA positive, and six (21%) were APF positive during the first year of the disease. APF was correlated with the Larsen score (p=0.011) and DAS (p=0.035) evaluated after a mean disease duration of 8.55 years. All APF positive patients had erosive disease. AKA was correlated with the DAS (p=0.035). CONCLUSION: The presence of AKA or APF early in the course of RA was associated with the DAS or Larsen score eight years later. The number of patients was small, but the findings confirmed those of studies with shorter follow ups. Antifilaggrin antibodies should be included in the initial investigation of patients with RA and, when positive, should alert to a high risk of poor outcomes.     

Clinical relevance of antikeratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis

Summary Antikeratin antibodies (AKA) were found in 38 out of 96 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA); they appeared to be quite characteristic to this disease. There was a very low incidence of AKA positivity in the control groups, i.e., 1 out of 62 healthy subjects and 4 out of 158 other patients. With regard to the sensitivity of the test as a diagnostic tool, AKA was found to be weaker than the rheumatoid factor (RF) and the antiperinuclear factor (APF), whereas the specificity was much better than APF and RF. A clear correlation was shown between the titres of AKA and APF (p<0.001) and also between AKA levels and inflammation (p<0.02).     

血清抗角蛋白抗体抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体和类风湿因子在类风湿关节炎中的意义

目的 评价抗角蛋白抗体(AKA)、抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体和类风湿因子(RF)在类风湿关节炎(RA)中的意义.方法 收集82例RA患者及56例非RA患者,测定其抗CCP抗体、AKA和RF水平,评价对RA诊断的敏感性、特异性,比较RA患者中抗CCP抗体、AKA阳性组和阴性组的压痛关节数、肿胀关节数、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、疾病活动指数(DAS)、Ritchie's指数(RAI).结果 单独检测AKA、抗CCP抗体、RF及联合检测的曲线下面积都较高(P<0.05).抗CCP抗体、AKA的特异度分别为92.9%、91.1%,联合检测AKA、抗CCP抗体和RF有任何一种及以上阳性的灵敏度最高,为95.1%.抗CCP抗体阳性组与阴性组的关节肿胀数、关节压痛数、ESR、CRP、DAS、RAI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);AKA阳性组与阴性组的关节肿胀数、ESR、DSA差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 联合检测抗CCP抗体、RF、AKA对诊断RA有意义,抗CCP抗体、AKA可能与RA的活动度相关.