常通口服液对大鼠术后肠粘连的预防作用

目的观察常通口服液预防术后肠粘连的作用。方法选用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠６０只，刮伤其盲肠浆膜，创面滴无水酒精，钳夹壁腹膜制成损伤性肠粘连模型。随机将动物分成５组，分别给５、１０、２０ｇ／ｋｇ的常通口服液灌胃，维生素Ｅ０．５ｇ／ｋｇ和生理盐水２０ｍｌ／ｋｇ灌胃，术后７ｄ观察肠粘连程度。结果与对照组比较，常通口服液３个剂量组和维生素Ｅ组均能降低术后肠粘连的程度（Ｐ＜０．０１），但前者作用优于后者。结论常通口服液具有预防术后肠粘连的作用。     

蜂胶口服液中黄酮类化合物的测定

采用分光光度法测定蜂胶口服液中黄酮类化合物的含量。用乙醇除去干扰物质后，测得的数据稳定，重现性好，其回收率为100．29％，相对标准偏差为0．63％（n=5），可作为本品的质量控制指标。     

HPLC测定儿脾醒口服液中橙皮苷的含量

[目的]建立儿脾醒口服液中橙皮苷的含量测定方法。[方法]采用HPLC法，色谱条件为：岛津Shim-pack C18色谱柱（4．6mm×250mm，5μm）；乙腈-水-磷酸（18：82：0．1）为流动相；流速1．0ml/min；检测波长283nm。[结果]橙皮苷的线性范围为0．106～1．06μg（r=0．9996）；平均回收率为99．34％（n=6），RSD=0．90％。[结论]本方法可靠、重现性好，可用于儿脾醒口服液的质量控制。     

常通口服液对大鼠术后肠粘连的预防作用

目的 观察常通口服液预防术后肠粘连作用。方法选用Ｗistar大鼠６０只，乔伤其肓肠浆膜，创面滴无水酒精，钳夹壁腹制成损伤性肠粘连模型。随机将动物分成５组，分别给５、１０、２０g/kg的常通口服液灌胃，维生素Ｅ０．５g/kg和生理盐水２０ml/kg灌胃，术后７d观察肠粘连程度。结果与对照组比较，常通口服液３个剂量组和维生素Ｅ组均能降低术后 肠连的程度（Ｐ<０．０１），但前作用优于后。结论常通口服液具有预防术后肠粘连     

枸杞等6种中药的重金属检测研究

目的：建立中药中重金属含量测定方法。方法：用紫外分光光度法测定枸杞、甘草、川贝母、丹参4种植物药，蜈蚣、僵蚕2种动物药中重金属的含量。结果：0．1～10．0μg/ml质量浓度范围内，对照品重金属绍的吸收度与浓度有良好的线性关系．d姻986。平均回收率为99．52％，RSD=1．13％（n=6）；枸杞、甘草、川贝母、丹参的重金属含量分别为26．57％、29.98％、25．63％．28．96％．而蜈蚣、僵蚕的重金属含量偏高，分别为47．62％、59．23％。结论：分光光度法操作简便、灵敏度高，可用于中药重金属含量测定。     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定洋甘菊中砷的含量

目的 建立洋甘菊中砷含量的原子荧光光谱检测方法 。方法 采用微波消解样品,通过原子荧光光谱法测定洋甘菊中砷含量,并进行了方法 学考察。结果 砷在0～10．0μg／L（r=0．9993）范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好线性关系,平均加样回收率为100．81％,RSD=2．59％（n=6）。结论 该测量方法 简便、稳定、危害小、灵敏度高。     

高效液相色谱法测定解肌舒筋口服液中葛根素的含量

目的：测定解肌舒筋口服液中葛根素的含量。方法：采用HPLC法（C18柱）；流动相为甲醇-水（25：75）；流速1．0ml／min；检测波长250nm。结果：葛根素在16．32-204．00μg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999）。平均回收率为99．5％，RSD=0．85％。结论：本法简便，准确，重现性好，可作为该产品的质量控制方法。     

原子吸收光谱法测定新疆肉苁蓉中的铅、镉和铜

目的：考察新疆肉苁蓉中重金属铅、镉和铜的含量。方法：湿法直接消解肉苁蓉粉末,消化液（HNO3：HCIO4=4：1）用火焰原子吸收法（FAAS）直接测定其中的Pb、Cd和Cu。结果：新疆3个主产地的肉苁蓉中都含有一定量的重金属,但未超出限量范围。Ph、Cd、Cu的加样回收率分别为97．65％,102．5％,97．61％;RSD分别为9．0％,3．0％,3．1％（13．=5）。结论：测定方法简单、易行、快速、准确,为肉苁蓉中重金属元素的测定提供了一种可靠方法。     

常通口服液预防术后肠粘连的实验研究

目的 观察中药常通口服液用于术后腹腔肠粘连的效果。方法 选取54只SD雄性大鼠随机分为6组(n=9)：正常对照组、模型对照组、四磨汤组、常通口服液低、中、高剂量组。除正常对照组外，其余大鼠均按Ellis法制备成肠粘连模型。正常及模型对照组予以蒸馏水灌胃(10ml／kg)；四磨汤组以10ml／kg灌胃给药；常通口服液低、中、高剂量组分别按4.3、8．6、17．2g／kg灌胃给药。各组于术后第7天取血，测定白细胞(WBC)计数及纤维蛋白原(FIB)浓度；同时进行粘连程度肉眼分级。结果 常通口服液能明显减轻肠粘连程度，降低大鼠血浆中WBC计数及FIB浓度，结论 常通口服液能够预防腹腔术后肠粘连形成。     

清热解毒口服液中含量测定方法的改进

目的改进清热解毒口服液中黄芩苷的含量测定方法。方泼采用高效液相色谱法,改变流动相比例及制样溶媒。结果通过方法学考察,本法用于清热解毒口服液的定量控制,分离效果理想,HPLC法测定黄芩苷含量在0．04—0．20μg范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999,13=5）,平均回收率为98．36％,重现性良好。结论本法可用于该制荆的质量控制。     

Profile of cardiac diseases in Ethiopian children

A review of cardiac admissions to the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital from January 1981 to December 1988 revealed 365 cases. Patients were included in the study if they had clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic (M, 2D-Modes, doppler) proofs of the specific disease entity. One hundred and ten patients were eligible. This accounted for 0.65% of all admissions (N = 16,905). Rheumatic heart disease accounted for 54.5% (N = 60), congenital heart disease for 35.5% (N = 39), and acquired heart disease of nonrheumatic origin for 10% (N = 11) or cardiac admissions. Of patients with rheumatic heart disease, the mitral valve was involved in 41.7% (N = 25). Pure mitral stenosis was seen in 8.3% (N = 5). Ventricular septal defect was seen in 33.3% (N = 13) of patients with congenital heart disease. The mean hospital stay for patients with rheumatic heart disease was 35.4 days, and 24.7 days for patients with congenital heart. As rheumatic heart disease predominates, methods for decreasing its incidence are discussed.     

三氧化二砷对人鼻咽癌小鼠移植瘤生长抑制和诱导分化的初步研究

目的：研究三氧化二砷(As203)对人鼻咽低分化鳞癌可移植瘤在SCID小鼠体内生长的抑制作用，并初步研究其对细胞分化的影响。方法：以人鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞株CSNE-l为研究对象，观察腹腔注射As203(5mg/kg)对人鼻咽癌在SCID小鼠体内生长情况。用光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察形态结构变化、免疫组化方法检测增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达情况。结果：腹腔注射As203后，鼻咽癌SCID小鼠移植瘤生长抑制，抑瘤率75．4％。同时，瘤组织中癌细胞密度减少，细胞皱缩，脑浆红染，瘤组织分化渐成熟，出现角化细胞和角化珠；间质结缔组织增多。透射电镜下肿瘤细胞均出现成熟分化，核浆比例减少，脑浆中细胞器增多，出现大量张力原纤维并围绕核周，可见细胞明显角质化，细胞表面微小突起增多，桥粒增多，细胞之间以桥粒互相连接。癌细胞PCNA在阴性对照组呈高表达，阳性细胞指数(PI)达95％，As203组的细胞PC—NA表达明显减少，PI55％(P＝0．001)。结论：As203抑制SCID小鼠体内人鼻咽低分化鳞癌的生长，这种抑制作用可能与其能够诱导癌细胞向成熟方向分化有关。     

5～9岁儿童对常见食物及其营养的认知

目的 通过5～9岁儿童对常见食物的分类任务,考察儿童对食物与营养健康关系的认知.方法 本研究用临床访谈法,采用多种任务范式,考察5岁、7岁、9岁儿童对常见食物的自发分类以及对膳食平衡的认知.结果 5岁儿童更多依赖食物的具体特征进行分类,5～9岁儿童在物理标准(H_((2))=12.929,P＜0.01),习俗标准(H_((2))=5.540,P=0.063),加工方式(H_((2))=6.076,P＜0.05)的使用上年龄差异显著.对于不同营养搭配的套餐,社会经济条件不同的2组儿童选择人数百分比差异显著(X_((2))~2=5.857,P=0.016;X_((1))~2=4.510,P=0.034),SES高组的儿童比SES低组的儿童更多选择均衡的饮食(SES高组选择营养搭配人数百分比是75.0%,93.8%;SES低组是45.2%,74.2%).结论 儿童对食物和营养的理解与认知发展有关.随着年龄的增长,儿童逐渐形成膳食营养平衡的观念;生活经验对"膳食平衡"的认知产生影响.     

Long-term survey of outcome in acute promyelocytic leukemia

Ａｃｕｔｅｐｒｏｍｙｅｌｏｃｙｔｉｃｌｅｕｋｅｍｉａ (ＡＰＬ)ｉｓａｄｉｓｔｉｎｃｔｓｕｂｔｙｐｅｏｆａｃｕｔｅｌｅｕｋｅｍｉａｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄｂｙａｂａｌａｎｃｅｄｒｅｃｉｐｒｏｃａｌｔｒａｎｓｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｃｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅ 15ａｎｄ 17ｒｅｓｕｌｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｃｈｉｍｅｒｉｃｇｅｎｅｅｎｃｏｄｉｎｇＰＭＬ ＲＡＲαｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ 1Ａｌｌ ｔｒａｎｓｒｅｔｉｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＡＴＲＡ)ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆｐｒｏｍｙｅｌｏｃｙｔｅｓｉｎｔｏｍ…     

肾素抑制剂对兔动脉粥样硬化及斑块炎症的影响

目的 探讨肾素抑制剂阿利吉仑的抗动脉粥样硬化(As)作用及对As炎症的影响.方法 通过高脂饲养建立兔As模型,24只新西兰大白兔随机分为单纯高脂组(n=8)、阿利吉仑组(n=8)和正常对照组(n=8).单纯高脂组以高脂饲料(1.5％胆固醇+5％猪油)喂养,阿利吉仑组在高脂饲料喂养的基础上加阿利吉仑(25 mg·kg-1 ·d-1)喂养,正常对照组以常规颗粒饲料喂养.分组喂养16周,处死动物取胸主动脉标本行组织形态学检查,免疫组织化学法检测斑块内巨噬细胞和平滑肌细胞标志物(RAM11和α-actin)及植物血凝素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体1(LOX-1)表达,以阳性面积表达率表示.结果 油红O染色组织学检查显示:阿利吉仑组的脂质斑块面积为( 34.38±2.07)％,明显小于单纯高脂组的(47.12±4.16)％(P＜0.01).免疫组织化学检测显示:阿利吉仑组斑块内RAM11和LOX-1蛋白表达阳性细胞百分比分别为(21.13 ±2.10)％和(11.38±1.69)％,均明显小于单纯高脂组的(30.63±2.26)％和(16.75±1.67)％(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).单纯高脂组和阿利吉仑组斑块内均可见α-actin表达阳性的梭形平滑肌细胞,主要分布于内膜及中膜.结论 阿利吉仑抑制了As的进展,具有抗炎症作用.     

Roles of risk assessment and Ki-67 index in judging prognostic of gastrointestinal stromal tumors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the roles of risk assessment and Ki-67 index in judging prognostic of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). METHODS: The clinical data of 102 patients of GIST, 60 with gastric stromal tumor and 42 with small intestinal stromal tumor were collected. The relations of disease free survival rate and disease specific overall survival rate to Ki-67 index and risk assessment were analyzed. RESULTS: Risk assessment showed that 2 cases were at very low risk, 14 at low risk, 16 at intermediate risk, and 28 at high risk. As classified by the Ki-67 index system, 13 cases were in the group of Ki-67 index > or =5%, and the other 47 cases were in the group of Ki-67 index <5%. The patients with high risk or Ki-67 index > or =5% had significantly lower disease-free survival rates (Pki-67 = 0.001, Prisk assessent = 0.044) and disease specific overall survival rates (Pki-67 = 0.001, Prisk assessment = 0.007). The high-risk patients had significantly lower survival rate than the patients of other grades (Pdisease-free = 0.044, Pover all = 0.012). In the 42 patients with small intestinal stromal tumor 9 were at low risk, 11 at intermediate risk, and 22 at high risk;and there were 12 cases with Ki-67 index > or =5% and 30 cases with Ki-67 index <5%. Risk assessment had no relationship with disease specific overall survival rate. The overall survival rate of the intestinal stromal tumor patients with the Ki-67 index > or =5% was significantly lower than that of those with the K-67 index <5% (P = 0.039), however, Ki-67 index was not related to disease free survival rate. Four of the gastric stromal tumor patients at low and intermediate risk and with Ki-67 index > or =5% suffered recurrence or metastasis; and 2 similar cases were found in the small intestinal stromal tumor cases. CONCLUSION: Risk assessment and Ki-67 index are good prognostic indicators for gastric stromal tumors. In small intestinal stromal tumors, risk assessment is only related to disease free survival rate, and Ki-67 index is related to disease specific overall survival rate. In the GIST patients at low and intermediate risk, Ki-67 can be a good complimentary indicator to predict the recurrence or metastasis.     

早幼粒细胞白血病蛋白在肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的研究早幼粒细胞白血病蛋白（PML）在肺癌中的表达及其与临床预后的关系。方法利用组织芯片进行SP免疫组织化学染色,检测PML蛋白在148例肺癌、5例良性肺肿瘤和7例肺正常组织中的表达。结果4例肺癌组织没有达到评价标准而被排除。2例肺良性肿瘤和1例正常支气管黏膜细胞核明显表达PML;非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）和小细胞肺癌（SCLC）细胞核PML表达率分别为31．4％和8．7％（x^2=4．968,P=0．026）。PML在SCLC和NSCLC细胞质的表达率分别为39．1％和14％（x^2=6．609,P=0．010）。PML阳性和阴性SCLC的术后5年累积生存率分别为50％和23％（Log—Rank;x^2=3．931,P=0．047）。COX多因素分析示PML表达是SCLC预后的独立影响因素。结论PML表达可能与SCLC患者生存期延长相关。     

Arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis of human malignant lymphoma cell lines and its mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the responses of human Burkitt lymphoma cells to arsenic trioxide (As2O3) and the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive human B-lymphoma Raji cell line and EBV-negative human B-lymphoma BJAB cell line were used as in vitro models to assess the cell apoptosis by morphology and DNA agarose gel electrophoresis. Protein expression was analyzed using Western blotting. RESULTS: After 24-hour treatment with the 2, 5 and 10 micromol/L As2O3, the concentrations of As2O3 achievable in vivo, cell apoptosis was induced in human Burkitt lymphoma BJAB cells at the rates of 47.6%+/-4.8% (Mean+/-SD, n=3), 66.4%+/-5.1%, 87.0%+/-7.3% and at 35.5%+/-3.8%, 51.5%+/-6.2%, 62.2%+/-7.9% respectively in Raji cells, corresponding to the concentration of As2O3. EBV-infected Raji cell line was less sensitive to As2O3 than EBV-negative BJAB cell line (P<0.05). As2O3-induced apoptosis was accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl-xL protein expression and activation of apoptosis protein caspase-3, as identified by Western blotting. CONCLUSION: As2O3 exerts apoptosis-inducing effects on human Burkitt lymphoma cells through down-regulation of Bcl-xL protein expression and activation of apoptosis protein caspase-3, and may serve as a candidate therapeutic agent against malignant lymphoma for both systemic and local therapies.     

基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对急性坏死性胰腺炎犬肠道细菌移位的影响

目的探讨基因重组碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（ｂＦＧＦ）对急性坏死性胰腺炎（ＡＮＰ）犬肠道细菌移位的影响。方法杂种犬２３只,分对照组（ｎ＝７）、ＡＮＰ组（ｎ＝８）和ｂＦＧＦ组（ｎ＝８）。ｂＦＧＦ组犬复制ＡＮＰ模型后,每日静脉注射ｂＦＧＦ（５μｇ／ｋｇ）。结果ｂＦＧＦ治疗后,ＡＮＰ犬肠粘膜损伤明显减轻,脏器细菌培养阳性率下降５０％,细菌移位数量减少９３．３％－９６．７％,肠粘膜蛋白质、ＤＮＡ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,丙二醛含量明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ｂＦＧＦ可显著减少ＡＮＰ时肠道细菌移位,其机制可能是通过增加肠粘膜蛋白质合成,促进肠粘膜损伤修复。     

Treatment of depression using sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

Background  As a treatment of depression, the efficacy of conventional repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is limited, and symptoms recurrence is easy to occur after the treatment. This study aimed to examine the efficacy and safety of sleep electroencephalogram modulated repetitive rTMS (SEM-rTMS) in the treatment of depression.

Methods  After 7 days without psychoactive medication, 164 patients with clinically defined depression were randomly divided into 3 groups: SEM-rTMS group (n=57), conventional rTMS (C-rTMS, n=55) group and sham-rTMS group (n=52). Every patient was treated with the corresponding method for 30 minutes everyday for 10 days. Before and after scores on the 24-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HAMD-24) and the clinical outcome on the 10th day of therapy for all subjects were analyzed.

Results  Twenty-two cases in the SEM-rTMS group obtained improved mood as compared to 6 in the C-rTMS group and 2 in the sham-rTMS group (χ²=15.89, P=0.0004). After completion of the rTMS phase of the protocol, a (51±5)% reduction of HAMD-24 scores from the baseline in the SEM-rTMS group was found compared with a (34±4)% in the C-rTMS group (q=26.09, P=0.001) and a (14±3)% in sham-rTMS group (q=57.53, P=0.000). The 88% total effective rate in the SEM-rTMS group was significantly higher than 68% in the C-rTMS group and 20% in the sham-rTMS group (χ²=12.01, P=0.0025). No significant side effects were noted.

Conclusion  SEM-rTMS is an effective and safe way for treating depression with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (ChiCTR-TRC-00000438).