小学生1年体力活动问卷的可靠性和有效性验证

目的：设计一份能可靠、有效地测量小学生体力活动水平的1年体力活动问卷、为描述他们体力活动模式、研究体力活动与健康关系提供测量工具。方法：随机选取北京市城区4所小学的4－6年级小学生468名作为调查对象，采用专题小组讨论、观察、专家咨询等方法设计问卷，采用重复实验验证问卷的可靠性，Caltrac测量仪和家长评价验证问卷的有效性。结果：问卷重复实验的结果之间在男女生中呈显著正相关（偏相关系数r=0.39-0.70)。问卷结果与Caltrac测量仪之间在男女生中差异均没有显著意义，而且在男生中存在显著的正相关关系（r=0.38,0．65)；问卷与家长评价之间一致性较高（Kappa=68.6%).结论：1年体力活动问卷能可靠地测量北京市城区4－6年级小学生的体力活动水平，能有效地测量4－6年级小学男生的体力活动水平。     

基于能量代谢与体质量指数关系的体力活动问卷的信效度评价

[目的]评价中老年女性体力活动问卷的信度和效度.[方法]采用问卷调查、测量、数理统计等方法在西安城区进行了中老年女性体力活动问卷验证性研究.采用重复测量和分半法评价问卷的信度;再测分析法和确立一个效标来分别评价问卷的内容效度和效标效度.[结果]体力活动问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),相关系数在0.63～0.87之间.问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3 d的体力活动问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0.632.[结论]3 d的体力活动问卷的信度和效度均在0.63以上,能可靠有效地反映西安市城区中老年女性的体力活动水平.     

北京市城区四～六年级小学生体力活动现状

目的 了解小学生体力活动模式，为采取有效的措施促进他们积极参加体力活动、制定相关政策和健康目标提供依据。方法 随机选取北京市城区4所小学四～六年小学生453名，采用问卷调查和Caltrac体力活动测量仪收集其上周参加体力活动的情况。结果 男女生经常参加的业余活动依次为上下楼梯、劳动、步行、跑步等，男女生平均每天参加业余体力活动的时间分别为1．30、1．1lh，每天业余体力活动消耗的能量分别为27．89、23．65kJ/kg，每天总体力活动消耗的能量分别为42．17、35．53kJ／kg，每天静坐时间分别为2．00、1．79h，男女生各评价指标之间差异均无显性。结论 男女生经常参加的活动类型大致相同，活动水平接近。     

国际体力活动问卷中文版的信度和效度研究

目的 评价国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ)中文版的信度和效度,提供体力活动水平测量工具。方法 系统抽样94名大学生,间隔3天重复调查检验信度;在39名自愿受试者中,用体力活动(PA)记录和Caltrac加速度计为参照标准检验效度。结果 长短卷各项体力活动组内相关系数均在0.7以上。长卷的体力活动能量消耗与PA记录接近。短卷一日总能量消耗低于PA记录和Cltrac监测值。两个问卷与PA记录的目标体力活动量达标一致率均在70％以上。长卷、短卷和PA记录的每天静坐时间差异无显著性。结论 IPAQ中文版在大学生中的重测信度和效度高于或等于同类问卷。长短卷检测体力活动量达标率与PA记录接近,短卷低估体力活动能量消耗。     

长沙市4～6年级小学生体形认知与每日体力活动时间的研究

目的 通过了解长沙市4～6年级小学生对自我体形认知状况,分析其与儿童青少年每日体力活动时间的关系,为制定学生健康教育措施提供依据.方法 利用自行设计的问卷,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,于2012年3月在长沙市16所小学4～6年级共抽取2 224名小学生进行问卷调查和身高体重的测量.结果 总样本人群中,男生超重、肥胖的检出率分别为16.2％、9.4％,女生为6.5％、3.9％;83.2％的学生可正确认知自己的体形,相较于男生,女生更能够正确地认知自我体形;肥胖与超重的学生较体形正常者更容易低估自己的体形.体力活动时间结果显示,肥胖的学生相较于其他学生更不积极参加体力活动.有49.4％的学生每天参加体力活动时间低于1h.结论 超重或肥胖的小学生容易低估自己的体形,更不积极参加体力活动.在开展儿童肥胖预防项目中,应在健康教育内容中加入体形的评估,并鼓励学生参加体育锻炼.     

宁波市鄞州区小学生营养健康素养问卷优化及应用效果评价

目的 在浙江省宁波市实证应用优化项目组前期开发的中国小学生营养健康素养测评问卷,了解该地小学生营养健康素养现状,为小学生营养健康素养评价工具的研究提供实证参考。方法 于2023年6月,采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对宁波市鄞州区3所城区小学、3所乡镇小学1 861名1～6年级学生进行营养健康素养问卷调查,采用Rasch模型、SPSS软件进行问卷质量评价和数据分析。结果 低（1～2年级）、中（3～4年级）、高（5～6年级）三版问卷的区分度分别为11.95、10.41、10.14,信度均为0.99。宁波市鄞州区小学生营养健康素养平均得分（73.8±13.1）分,膳食营养知识、饮食行为和习惯、食品营养标签识别3个维度的平均得分分别为（71.4±16.5）、（74.8±23.7）、（67.7±23.6）分。健康素养水平1～2年级（77.5±11.5）分,3～4年级（75.7±13.4）分,5～6年级（70.9±12.1）分,随着年级段的升高营养健康素养水平呈下降趋势;女生（74.0±12.6）分,男生（73.5±13.5）分,女生的营养健康素养水平略高于男生,城乡学生之间无差异。膳食营养知识与食品...     

基于能量摄入与体重指数关系的膳食营养问卷的评价

目的对西安市中老年女性膳食营养问卷进行信度和效度研究。方法采用重复测量和分半法评价膳食营养问卷,检验其重测信度和分半信度;用再测分析法和确立一个效标评价膳食营养问卷,检验其内容效度和效标效度。结果膳食营养问卷重测、分半结果之间一致性较好,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,3d膳食营养问卷的重测信度和分半信度超过0．51;问卷的内容效度和效标效度均较高,3d膳食营养问卷调查结果与效标之间的相关系数为0．562。结论西安市中老年女性群体3d膳食营养问卷具有较好的信度和效度,在研究西安市相关人群的肥胖与膳食营养摄入之间关系时,是比较理想的膳食营养评价工具。     

广州市小学生体质健康监测系统问卷的信效度研究

目的对已修订的广州市小学生体质健康监测系统问卷进行信度和效度检验。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样法选取广州市298名6~12岁小学生作为研究对象。用克隆巴赫Alpha系数反映内部一致性;前后间隔8~10 d开展两次问卷调查测量重测信度;用3 d日记作为效度标准评价效度。结果本研究有效应答率为98. 3%。总克隆巴赫α系数为0. 64,体力活动、静坐行为和睡眠的重测信度平均值分别是0. 46、0. 59、0. 63,效度平均值分别是0. 43、0. 60、0. 66。结论此系统问卷的信度和效度整体在合理可接受范围,可作为广州市小学生体质健康监测系统的标准化问卷。     

城市体力活动相关建成环境客观评价工具的信度和效度研究

目的 在杭州市6个社区中研究城市体力活动相关建成环境评价工具的信度和效度.方法 在杭州市按公共建筑开发功能区选取6个社区共205个路段,2名调查员同时独立进行调查评价调查者间信度,间隔7d重复调查约一半路段(104个)评价调查者内信度.采用因子分析方法检验结构效度.结果 问卷调查者间信度Kappa值大部分在0.8以上;调查者内信度低于调查者间信度,Kappa值大部分在0.4以上.问卷表面效度良好.结构效度研究提取了6个因子,符合问卷的初始题目设计,因子负荷矩阵显示问卷结构效度良好.结论 此建成环境评价量表的信度、效度较好,适合在杭州使用.     

北京市高年级小学生电子产品使用现况及影响因素分析

了解北京市高年级小学生电子产品使用时间现况及其影响因素,为进一步开展儿童青少年近视、超重肥胖等危害控制措施研究提供基础数据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,2019年5月抽取北京市城区、近郊区、远郊区14所小学四至六年级共2 515名学生,采用自编问卷对非学习目的单次电子产品使用时间、每天累计电子产品使用时间等进行调查.结果 北京市高年级小学生单次电子产品使用时间过长(>15 min/次)报告率为48.43%,每天累计电子产品使用时间过长(≥1 h/d)报告率为22.90%;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,普通校、六年级、男生、单亲家庭和其他类型家庭及周末不进行中高强度运动与累计电子产品使用时间过长呈正相关(OR值分别为1.66,2.28,1.27,1.44,1.87,2.20,P值均<0.05).结论 北京市高年级小学生电子产品使用时间过长情况仍比较普遍.需要重点关注六年级、男生,并重视家庭对孩子的影响.     

Accuracy of recall of occupational physical activity by questionnaire

The validity of the Tecumseh Occupational Activity Questionnaire (TOQ) and a modified Seven Day Recall (SDR) was measured in 46 healthy women, ages 20-60 years (mean +/- SD, 39.4 +/- 11.8). Occupational data were compared with direct (7-day occupational activity records and Caltrac accelerometer) and indirect (maximal oxygen uptake and percent body fat) measures of physical activity status. Physical activity survey and occupational record data were log transformed to normalize skewed distributions. Intraclass correlations ranged from r = 0.26 to 0.73 (P < 0.05) between similar activities on the TOQ and activity records for light intensity sitting, light-to-moderate intensity standing, and walking. Correlations between similar activities from the SDR and activity records ranged from r = 0.32 to 0.35 (P < 0.05) for light and moderate intensity activities. Correlations for total occupational activity between the surveys and activity records were r = 0.46 (P < 0.001) for the TOQ and r = 0.45 (P < 0.01) for the SDR. A modest correlation (r = 0.34, P < 0.10) was observed between the Caltrac scores and TOQ moderate intensity standing. Only the TOQ light-to-moderate intensity standing was related to maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.32, P < 0.05). None of the measures were related to percent body fat (P > 0.05). These results suggest that the TOQ and SDR both provide reasonably accurate measurements of light and moderate intensity occupational physical activity.     

Breakfast frequency inversely associated with BMI and body fatness in Hong Kong Chinese children aged 9-18 years

The present study assessed the relationship between breakfast frequency and measures of obesity in Hong Kong Chinese children aged 9-18 years. A total of 11,570 children (50 % boys) underwent anthropometric measurements and completed a simple self-administered dietary behaviour questionnaire. Their parents completed a questionnaire providing demographic information. Breakfast frequency was assessed by a single question, 'How many days over the past week did you have breakfast?' Children were categorised into three groups: skippers (ate breakfast 0-2 times/week); semi-skippers (ate breakfast 3-4 times/week); non-skippers (ate breakfast 5-7 times/week), to assess all associated characteristics. Of the 3644 primary and 7926 secondary school students, 8 % (8·7 % of boys and 6·9 % of girls) and 14 % (14 % of boys and 15 % of girls), respectively, were breakfast skippers. The prevalence of obesity among breakfast skippers, semi-skippers and non-skippers was, respectively, 9·8, 10·6 and 3·8 % (P < 0·001) for primary school students and 3·9, 3·1 and 2·4 % (P < 0·001) for secondary school students. The 12 % of Hong Kong children aged 9-18 years who skipped breakfast had higher BMI, BMI z-scores and percentage of body fat (PBF) than their counterparts. The dose effects of breakfast frequency (unstandardised regression coefficient, P < 0·001) on BMI and PBF were, respectively, -0·125 kg/m2 and -0·219 % for boys and -0·165 kg/m2 and -0·353 % for girls, adjusting for physical activity per additional breakfast meal per week. Further study is recommended to elucidate whether regular breakfast consumption may have a role in the prevention of childhood obesity.     

Exercise and tobacco and alcohol consumption by students in Barcelona

The methods and results of a cross-sectional survey studying lifestyles adopted in childhood and related to prevalent health problems in adult age are presented. A sample of 2,255, representing Barcelona schoolchildren in 5th and 8th grades, answered the questionnaire in 1986-87. In 8th grade, an 8.5% of boys and a 7.8% of girls report smoking at least once a week, while daily alcohol intake is reported by 4.4% of boys and 2.5% of girls. As for physical activity level, it is low or very low in 21% boys and 4.9% girls in 5th grade, while these proportions are 12.5% and 46% respectively in 8th grade. An important increase of alcohol and tobacco use is observed between these grades, and a shift in attitudes towards it, radically opposed to its use in 5th grade and much more tolerant in 8th grade. As for physical activity, there is an important sex difference which increases with time. (Gac Sanit 1989; 3(11): 355-65).     

Reliability and validity of the Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire

The authors determined the validity and reliability of their Past Year Total Physical Activity Questionnaire (PYTPAQ), which assesses the frequency, duration, and intensity of occupational, household, and recreational activities performed over the past year. The PYTPAQ was completed twice at baseline, 9 weeks apart (on average), by 154 healthy Canadian men and women aged 35-65 years for assessment of reliability. The PYTPAQ was completed again 1 year later as a self-administered questionnaire. Four times during the year, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 days and completed 7-day physical activity logs. The authors assessed validity by comparing PYTPAQ summary values with 1-year averages of the physical activity logs and accelerometer data and with physical fitness and anthropometric data measured at baseline and 1 year. Spearman correlations for reliability (metabolic equivalent-hours/week) were 0.64 for total activity, 0.70 for occupational activity, 0.73 for recreational activity, and 0.65 for household activity. For total activity, the intraclass correlation coefficient for correlation between the PYTPAQ and the 7-day physical activity logs was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.28, 0.54), and for the accelerometer data it was 0.18 (95% confidence interval: 0.03, 0.32). Spearman correlations between PYTPAQ hours/week of vigorous activity and maximal oxygen uptake were 0.37 and 0.32 at baseline and follow-up, respectively. In general, the PYTPAQ has acceptable reliability and validity for measurement of past-year physical activity that is comparable to that of similar questionnaires.     

Differences in physical activity during school recess

BACKGROUND: School recess provides a daily opportunity for physical activity engagement. The purpose of this study was to examine physical activity levels during recess by gender, ethnicity, and grade, and establish the contribution of recess to daily school physical activity levels. METHODS: Two hundred and ten children (45% boys) from grades 3 to 6 in 4 elementary schools had their physical activity during school quantified using uni‐axial accelerometry every 5 seconds for 5 consecutive school days. Data were collected in fall 2009. The proportion of time spent engaged in physical activity during daily school recess was determined using existing age‐appropriate cutpoints. The relative contribution of recess to school day physical activity was also determined. RESULTS: Boys were more active than girls during recess. Girls engaged in more sedentary activity than boys. No main effects for ethnicity were observed. Children in grades 3 and 5 were more active than children in grades 4 and 6. Recess contributed 17.9% and 15.5% toward boys' and girls' school day moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, respectively. CONCLUSION: Children engaged in physical activity during recess, though interventions may be needed to increase the intensity of activity in this context.     

A prospective study of the reliability and convergent validity of three physical activity measures in a field research trial

This investigation sought to determine the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of three commonly used physical activity measures. The Stanford Physical Activity Recall, the Caltrac Activity Monitor, and a daily physical activity log were administered to 45 subjects over a 3-week period. The results indicated high levels of test-retest reliability for the Stanford and the daily log; low test-retest reliability was obtained for the Caltrac. Convergent validity was also high between the Stanford and daily log but was low for both of these measures with the Caltrac: These results suggest that the Stanford Physical Activity Recall may be the self-report measure of choice for large studies due to its high reliability and convergent validity with a more time-consuming daily log, as well as its cost- and time-efficiency. Based on the results, it is recommended that the Caltrac activity sensors not be used for field studies of physical activity until the logistical problems of their use in clinical trials are solved.     

Adolescent Physical Activity and Perceived Competence: Does Change in Activity Level Impact Self-Perception?

PurposeTo determine whether change in physical activity level impacts adolescents’ self-perceptions.MethodsUsing questionnaire responses from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) in 1997 and 1999, we evaluated data from 5260 girls and 3410 boys. Physical activity changes were compared to changes in perceived competence in three domains (social, athletic, and scholastic) as well as in global self-worth. Analyses controlled for sibling clustering as well as for potential confounders, including body mass index, cigarette smoking, baseline activity levels, and baseline self-perception scores.ResultsFor girls and boys, increase in physical activity was positively associated with change in social and athletic (p < .0001), but not scholastic or global, self-perception. Compared to those with little or no change in activity, those who increased physical activity were more likely to have increased self-perception measures. Girls who increased physical activity by 5 or more hours/week were at least 33% more likely to have increased social self-perception, and at least 44% more likely to have increased athletic self-perception. In boys, those who increased activity by 10 or more hours/week were 45% more likely to have increased social self-perception. The reverse was also true; for both girls and boys, those with decreased physical activity were more likely to have decreased self-perception scores.ConclusionsThis research indicates that increased physical activity has a positive impact on athletic and social self-perception in girls and boys.     

马鞍山市儿童意外伤害相关行为分析

目的了解马鞍山市不同年级、不同性别小学生意外伤害的相关行为,为制定儿童意外伤害预防措施提供依据.方法采用儿童意外伤害相关行为调查问卷,整群抽取马鞍山市6所小学所有在校学生进行意外伤害相关行为问卷调查.结果男、女生意外伤害相关行为发生率分别为48.48%和29.36%;一～六年级意外伤害相关行为发生率分别为25.90%,35.12%,37.09%,45.04%,46.86%和44.50%.结论不同年级、不同性别小学生意外伤害相关行为存在差异.男生意外伤害相关行为的发生率明显高于女生,随着年级的升高,意外伤害相关行为的发生率上升.     

Predictors of strong sense of coherence and positive attitudes to physical education in adolescents

AIMS: The aim of this study was to find variables related to positive attitudes to physical education (PE) and strong sense of coherence (SOC) among adolescents. METHODS: The study included three parts: seven physical tests; a questionnaire which included ways of living, attitudes to PE, and subjective health, the 13-question version of SOC; and information on every student's grades. The study group comprised 301 teenagers (131 girls and 170 boys, aged 16-19 years) attending upper secondary school. Positive odds ratio was used in the logistic regression analyses with SOC and attitudes to PE as dependent variables. RESULTS: Variables related to positive attitudes to PE were strong SOC, high physical capacity, high leisure-time physical activity (PA), high grades in PE, and little time spent watching TV. Variables related to strong SOC were positive attitudes to PE, high grades in PE, very good subjective health, and feeling comfortable in school. Highest physical capacity, highest mean grades, and highest grades in PE were found among adolescents who reported exercise four times or more per week. CONCLUSIONS: An interrelation between attitudes to PE and SOC was shown. The relation between positive attitudes to PE and high scores in SOC indicated that past experiences of PA and PE could contribute to the development of SOC, and actual levels of SOC could influence the persistent attitudes to PE and be important for lifelong PA. One means of identification of favourable or unfavourable health behaviour among young people might be through PA patterns, and relations between attitudes to PE and SOC.     

Diet and Physical Activity Patterns of School-Aged Children

Childhood provides an opportunity for establishing healthful lifestyle habits, yet little is known about diet and physical activity patterns of elementary school-aged children. A cohort of 35 boys and girls in grades 3 through 5 (mean age=9.5 years) was studied during the course of the 2004-2005 school year, providing seasonal assessments of diet and physical activity. Objectively measured data included height, weight, and pedometer step counts. Subjective data included seasonal 3-day diet diaries, a food frequency questionnaire, and a physical activity questionnaire. Participants were white, well-nourished, and within the healthy range for body mass index for age. Only three students (9%) were overweight and another three were “at risk” for overweight. Food intake patterns fell far below MyPyramid guidelines for average daily servings of fruits and vegetables. High intakes of saturated fat (average of 12% of calories) and sodium were noted, along with inadequate fiber intakes. Snacks, desserts, and entrees that contributed most to calorie and saturated fat intake were identified. Self-reported physical activity appears in line with recommendations, but step counts fall short, particularly for girls and during winter months. These findings identify targets for behavioral and environmental interventions to reduce childhood obesity risks. Additional research involving more diverse populations is warranted.