孕羊深低温体外循环对胎羊温度和血流动力学及血气的影响

目的探讨孕羊深低温体外循环(CPB)对胎羊温度、血流动力学和血气的影响。方法5头健康怀孕山羊常规建立CPB,转流降温、复温各1 h。监测孕羊和胎羊的温度、心率、平均动脉压、血气值。结果孕羊最低温度(17．4±1．5)℃,胎羊最低温度(24．6±1．5)℃。降温期胎羊温度始终高于孕羊温度,复温期孕羊-胎羊温差逆转,转流结束胎羊温度低于孕羊温度。降温期胎羊心率逐渐减慢,复温期不能恢复正常心率。低温转流15 min,胎羊pH值从转流开始的7．30± 0．03降到7．17±0．07(P<0．05)、PO_2从转流开始的(32．5±4．0)mmHg(1 mmHg=0．133 kPa)降到(17．5±3．0)mm Hg(P<0．05),PCO_2从转流开始的(44．8±2．2)mm Hg升到(56．8±5．1)mm Hg(P<0．05),BE值从转流开始的(-3．2±0．6)升到(-5．7±1．3)(P<0．05),此后血气值进一步恶化,复温阶段胎羊血气值也没有好转。CPB结束胎羊存活率为60％。结论孕羊深低温CPB 影响胎盘的热交换和气体交换功能,对胎羊存活不利。     

L-精氨酸对心肺移植缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨一氧化氮(NO)前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)在心肺移植中对心肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将30条成年犬随机分为对照组、实验A(L-Arg 100 mg／kg体重)、B(L-Arg 500 mg／kg体重)3组,每组10条,采用标准法行心肺移植,A、B组心肺保护液中加入不同剂量L-Arg,供心肺放入4℃EC液保存4-5 h。监测心率、平均动脉压(MAP)、肺动脉平均压(MPAP),股静脉血一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、乳酸脱氢酶同工酶 (LDH)含量、股动脉血氧分压(PaO2),测定肺干湿重比(W／DR)及观察心肺超微结构以评价心肺保护的效果。结果主动脉开放60 min,B组NO(82．76±12．34)μmol／L、A、B组SOD(60．19±12．42)、 (100．38±16．55)NU／ml较对照组(29．43±12．42)μmol/L、(26．65±5．68)NU／ml高(P<0．05),B组 cTnI(11．07±2．62)mg／L、MDA(2．48±0．51)nmol／ml、LDH(592．8±51．92)U／L较对照组(23．16± 2．76)mg／L、(4．48±0．54)nmol／ml、(719．80±292．16)U／L低(P<0．05),B组PaO2(207．60± 32．72)mmHg(1 mm Hg=0．133 kPa)高于对照组(130．20±13．36)mm Hg(P<0．05),A、B组W／DR (84．82±1．14)％、83．84±1．63)％小于对照组(88．44±1．42)％(P<0．05),电镜检查A、B组心肺损伤轻于对照组。结论供心肺可安全保存4-5 h,在心肺移植实验中加入L-Arg可使NO含量增加, 减轻心肺缺血再灌注损伤,B组(500 mg／kg体重)效果更好。     

冲洗液温度对前列腺术后膀胱无抑制性收缩的影响

目的探讨不同温度冲洗液对前列腺切除术后膀胱无抑制性收缩的影响。方法将 180例前列腺切除术后并发膀胱无抑制性收缩的患者随机分为A、B、C、D、E、F 6组 ,各 30例 ,术后均予持续膀胱冲洗 ,冲洗液温度分别为(2 3.5 0± 1.5 0 )℃、(2 6 .5 0± 1.5 0 )℃、(2 9.5 0± 1.5 0 )℃、(32 .5 0± 1.5 0 )℃、(35 .5 0± 1.5 0 )℃、(38.5 0± 1.5 0 )℃。观察前列腺术后膀胱无抑制性收缩症状并对其评分 ,同时观察记录持续膀胱冲洗的时间。结果E组及F组症状评分显著低于A、B、C、D组 (均P <0 .0 1) ;E组膀胱持续冲洗时间明显短于A、B、C、D、F组 (均P <0 .0 1)。结论前列腺术后持续膀胱冲洗液的温度在 (35 .5 0± 1.5 0 )℃为最佳 ,其可最大限度地减轻前列腺术后膀胱无抑制性收缩 ,减少持续膀胱冲洗的时间。     

体外循环期间脑氧供需情况的观察

目的与方法 :通过对 2 0例心脏瓣膜置换术患者在体外循环心肺转流 (CPB)手术中行动脉和颈内静脉血气监测 ,以了解CPB期间脑氧供需情况。结果 :(1)降温期颈内静脉血氧饱和度 (SjvO2 )和脑血流量 /脑氧耗代谢比(CBF/CMRO2 )明显增加 ,由 6 6 2 4%± 10 32 % ,17 91± 3 0 4增至 93 81± 3 86 % ;139 2 8± 13 2 5。 (2 )复温期SjvO2和CBF/CMRO2 明显回落 ,分别降至 70 2 3%± 6 2 9% ,2 1 44± 9 6 8。 (3)CBF/CMRO2 与鼻咽部温度 (NPT)呈负相关 ,r =- 0 789。结论 :CPB中降温期可产生灌注过剩 ,复温过程可出现脑灌注不足     

一种提高犬胰岛体外培养质量的方法

目的研究提高犬胰岛体外培养质量的方法。方法将犬胰岛分别进行普通培养 (A组)、常温(37℃)微重力培养(B组)和低温(26℃)微重力培养(C组),分别培养3、7、14和21 d, 并检测各组胰岛培养后收获率、存活率和功能。结果不同方法培养21 d后,B组和C组平均胰岛收获率为(66．2±4．1)％和(81．3±4．8)％高于A组的胰岛收获率(50．5±2．9)％,P<0．05。A组胰岛存活率降至(27．7±3．5)％,与B组的(49．7±3．2)％和C组的(64．8±4．7)％比较,P<0．05。 B组和C组DNA含量及胰岛素含量均维持较高的水平,B组和C组胰岛素储备能力较A组高,胰岛索刺激指数分别为(3．30±0．70)、(5．48±1．00)和(2．33±0．50),差异有统计学意义(P< 0．05)。结论低温微重力三维培养胰岛是提高胰岛培养质量的好方法。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠增生前列腺细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的了解血管紧张素Ⅱ对良性前列腺增生(BPH)大鼠前列腺细胞增殖和凋亡的作用。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组(A组),BPH模型组(B组)和BPH+血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂依那普利组(C组),每组10只。B组在双侧睾丸切除后1周开始皮下注射丙酸睾酮并灌饲生理盐水,C组在双侧睾丸切除术后1周开始皮下注射丙酸睾酮并灌饲依那普利。4周后观察各组大鼠前列腺重量和组织学变化,Ki-67免疫组化染色及TUNEL染色测定前列腺上皮和间质细胞的增殖和凋亡指数。结果3组大鼠前列腺指数[前列腺湿重(mg)／体重(g)]分别为1．54±0．09,1．65±0．07和1．59±0．09,B组大鼠前列腺指数显著大于A组和C组(P<0．05)。光镜显示B组前列腺上皮细胞增生明显,C组上皮细胞明显萎缩。A组上皮和间质细胞增殖率分别为(1．4±0．4)％和(1．1±0．4)％,B组为(3．0±0．4)％和(1．4±0．4)％,C组为(2．1±0．5)％和(1．2±0．5)％,B组上皮细胞增殖率显著高于A组和C组(P<0．05),而3组间质细胞的增殖率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0．05);3组上皮细胞凋亡率分别为(1．2±0．5)％,(1．1±0．3)％和(1．1±0．5)％(P>0．05)。结论血管紧张素Ⅱ在大鼠BPH组织中表达上调。血管紧张素Ⅱ可能影响大鼠前列腺细胞的增殖,但对细胞凋亡影响不明显。     

经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切和经尿道前列腺电切治疗良性前列腺增生的临床结果比较

目的比较经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)与经尿道前列腺电切术(TURP)治疗良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床疗效及安全性。方法PKRP组78例,TURP组78例,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量,术后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及并发症发生率。结果PKRP组手术时间、术中出血量、术后2个月内暂时性尿失禁发生率、术后4周内继发性出血及3个月内尿道狭窄发生率分别为(64±21)min,(247±84)ml,26．9％(21／78),1．3％(1／78)和2．6％(2／78),TURP组分别为(78±18)min,(432±132)ml,48．7％(38／78),10．3％(8／78)和12．8％(10／78),2组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0．05)。2组均未发生电切综合征(TURS)。PKRP组术后IPSS为4．6±1．2,QOL为1．1±0．8,Qmax为(26．1±4．6)ml／s; TURP组分别为4．8 4±1．1、1．3±0．8、(25．3．4±4．2)ml／s;均较术前明显改善(P<0．01),但组间差异无统计学意义。结论PKRP与TURP比较,治疗BPH疗效相近,但安全性更好,是治疗BPH的理想方法。     

左旋卡尼汀对离体心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨左旋卡尼汀增补于停搏液中对离体鼠心再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法将32只SD大鼠随机分为左旋卡尼汀3个剂量(2．5、5．0、10．0 mmol／L)组和对照组。离体鼠心在改良的Langendorff灌注模型上30 min预灌注,120 min缺血、60 min再灌注。缺血前及再灌注期间测定血流动力学指标、心肌超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平。电镜观察心肌超微结构。结果再灌注60 min后,左旋卡尼汀5 mmol／L剂量组和10 mmol／L剂量组与对照组相比,冠脉流量(CF)[(68．39±12．71)％、(72．27±6．27)％比(44．94±13．26)％]、左室收缩压(LVSP)[(73．04±3．32)％、(77．8±3．80)％比(62．29±4．14)％]、左室舒张末压(LVEDP)[(0．38±0．01)、(0．36±0．01)比(0．43±0．01)mmHg(1mmHg=0．133 kPa)]、左室压力变化速率(+dp／dt)[(69．66±0．92)％、(71．34±0．66)％比(62．16±1．21))％]、(-dp／dt) [(68．39±12．71)％、(72．27±6．27)％比(44．94±13．26)％],其差异均有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。心肌超微结构的改善,也优于对照组,尤其是10 mmol／L剂量组,2．5 ml／L组没有变化。左旋卡尼汀5 mmol／L剂量组和10 mmol／L剂量组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著低于对照组(19．04±0．41)、(17．60±0．53)nmol／mg蛋白比(27．36±1．23)nmol／mg蛋白,P＜0．01),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) [(218．20±14．91)、(238．63±7．61)U／mg蛋白比(141．80±15．17)U／mg蛋白]含量和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平[(3．83±0．20)、(5．26±0．18)μmol／L比(1．36±0．08)μmol／L]显著高于对照组(P＜0．01)。结论左旋卡尼汀(5～10 mmol／L)增补于停搏液中可减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤,具有良好的心肌保护作用并在一定范围内呈剂量依赖性,10mmol／L剂量组心肌保护效果最佳。     

上肢手术气囊止血带个体充气压力的研究

目的探讨上肢手术时气囊止血带适宜的个体充气压力。方法对30例健康成年志愿者,按右上臂周径大小分为S组(≤25cm)、M组(26～30cm)和L组(＞30cm),用彩色多普勒超声血流显像仪分别测定肱动脉血流100%和50%阻断时气囊止血带充气压力值。以周径和测定值为依据确定充气压力：周径≤25cm者,充气压力为25 kPa(IkPa=7．5mm Hg),＞25cm者。以肢体周径(cm)作为个体充气压力(kPa)值,最大值≤40kPa。用上述方法应用于上肢手术150例,并观察术中创面止血效果和术后止血带副损伤发生情况。结果30例右侧肱动脉血流100%和50%阻断时气囊止血带充气压力参考值分别为：S组[(19．17±1．95)kPa,(?)±s,下同]和(11．50±1．98)kPa,M组(21．18±2．09)kPa和(13．45±1．86)kPa,L组(27．00±4．12)kPa和(16．43±1．13)kPa,各组阻断压力差异有统计学意义(P＜0．01)。手术应用150例中,上臂周径平均为(28．13±3．53)cm,气囊止血带充气压力平均为(28．19±3．03)kPa。手术应用个体充气压力,止血效果优147例,良3例,术后均无止血带副损伤。结论以上肢缚扎止血带处肢体周径(cm)作为充气压力的参考值(kPa),是上肢手术适宜的个体充气压力。     

C5a反义肽对脓毒症小鼠的保护作用及其机制

目的研究C5a反义肽R4在小鼠体内拮抗C5a的活性以及它对小鼠CLP后脓毒症的保护作用。方法小鼠CLP后分为实验组和对照组,实验组小鼠CLP后立即尾静脉注射反义肽 R4,剂量分别按1．0、2．0、4．0、8．0mg／kg体重,观察小鼠的生存率。取实验组小鼠(4 mg／kg体重) 取血液和肺组织,检测血清ALT、AST、BUN、肌酸酐、尿酸和肺的髓过氧化物酶(MPO)浓度。结果 (1)对照组小鼠ALT、AST、BUN、肌酸酐、尿酸、肺的MPO浓度分别为(344．416±29．786)、 (375．350±13．373)U／L,(25．233±6．006)mmol／L、(48．933±7．306)、(456．000±152．526)μmol／ ml、(4．476±0．880)U／g。正常小鼠组以上参数分别依次为(24．520±8．097)、(116．983±40．963) U／L、(6．917±1．585)mmol／L、(11．083±1．833)μmol／ml、(52．800±9．200)μmol／ml,(0．456± 0．081)U／g。实验组以上参数分别依次为(60．933±7．960)、(163．433±7．925)U／L,(7．200± 1．311)mmol／L,(18．600±1．708)μmol／ml,(158．166±6．924)μmol／ml,(1．005±0．107)U／g。对照组较实验组和正常组小鼠损伤明显,实验组小鼠以上参数较对照组的发生有意义的改善(P< 0．05)。(2)实验组小鼠生存率(33％～50％)比对照组小鼠明显提高(P<0．05)。结论该结果显示 C5a反义肽在小鼠体内有着良好的拮抗C5a的作用,揭示了治疗脓毒症的一种新的药物治疗范畴。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

Effect of the implementation of NICE guidelines for ultrasound guidance on the complication rates associated with central venous catheter placement in patients presenting for routine surgery in a tertiary referral centre

BACKGROUND: The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines of 2002 recommended the use of ultrasound (US) for central venous catheterization in order to minimize complications associated with central line placement. An ongoing audit of line placement by anaesthetists in the theatre complex of a tertiary referral centre looked at the associated complication rates. The objective of the study was to compare complication rates pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. METHODS: This prospective, single centre audit looked at all patients in whom a central venous catheter was placed for surgery. Complication rates were assessed for procedures that were performed pre- and post-implementation of NICE guidelines. In total, 438 patients were identified for the study, and the procedures were performed either by trainee or by consultant anaesthetists. RESULTS: The pre- and post-implementation complication rates were 10.5% (16/152) and 4.6% (13/284), respectively, representing an absolute risk reduction of 5.9% (95% CI 0.5-11.3%). Comparison of those procedures in which US was used when compared with the landmark technique after implementation found a reduction of 6.9% in complications (95% CI 1.4-12.4%). The reduction in complication rates was larger for specialist registrars than for consultants (11.2% vs 1.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of NICE guidelines has been associated with a significant reduction in complication rates in our tertiary referral centre. In the light of the cross-speciality evidence of US superiority and our results, it is imperative that routine use of US guidance becomes more widespread.