显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的技术差别(附37例报告)

目的为了提高手术安全性和疗效,减少术后并发症,探讨显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的方法和技术细节差别。方法回顾性分析37例显微血管减压术手术患者,其中三叉神经痛15例,面肌痉挛22例,分析术中体位,切口,骨窗,责任血管压迫等细节,观察二者术后疗效。结果三叉神经痛患者术后疼痛立即完全缓解14例,1例延迟缓解。所有面肌痉挛患者痉挛症状术后即刻消失,无严重并发症。随访半年~2年,1例三叉神经痛患者复发,所有面肌痉挛患者未见复发。结论显微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的有效治疗方法,但在术中体位、切口、骨窗、责任血管压迫等具体操作细节方面有细微差别,了解这些差别有助于增加手术安全性,取得更好的疗效。     

面肌痉挛的微血管减压治疗

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的治疗策略,包括术前诊断评估,手术治疗技巧,并发症防治及疗效等。方法回顾分析52例行微血管减压术治疗原发性面肌痉挛患者的临床资料,所有患者术前有典型面肌痉挛表现,经MRI及MRA检查排除颅内占位性病变及确认责任血管的存在及其与面神经关系。行枕下乙状窦后入路微血管减压术。结果 50例病人术后症状即消失;2例病人术后症状减轻,其中1例半月后消失,另一例3月后消失。术后并发症轻度面瘫3例,耳鸣、听力下降6例,头晕、头痛、呕吐10例,经治疗后恢复,无脑脊液漏、颅内感染、颅内出血等严重并发症,无手术死亡病例。随访期间,1例患者半年后症状复发。结论微血管减压术是治疗原发性面肌痉挛的安全、疗效确切的方式。准确判断责任血管并精细的分离保护神经是关键。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛57例

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的疗效。方法 2011年2月~2014年11月采用微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛57例。结果 术后症状立即消失46例,明显缓解8例,部分缓解3例;总有效率为95%（54/57）。术后随访6~24个月,症状完全消失55例,减轻2例;无复发。结论 微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛效果确切,熟练的显微外科操作技术及正确辨别责任血管是确保手术效果及减少并发症的关键。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛（附53例报告）

目的:探讨面肌痉挛术前病因诊断方法和手术效果及复发的因素。方法:回顾性分析5 3例显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床资料,全部病例术前行磁共振断层血管成像(MRTA)。结果:MRTA检查面神经微小血管压迫的阳性率达84% ,术中发现责任血管5 2例,占98.1% ,全部病例经2～46个月随防,平均2 0个月,抽搐完全消失43例(81% ) ,减轻9例(17% ) ,总有效率96% ;手术无效1例(1.9% )。4周后出现对侧幕上慢性硬膜下积液1例。结论:显微血管减压术是面肌痉挛最有效的治疗方法,熟练的显微外科技术以及术中正确识别责任血管、充分的减压是提高手术疗效、减少症状复发的关键。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛复发原因分析

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛后症状复发的原因。方法 对19例经微血管减压术治疗后症状消失1年以上，痉挛又复出现的患者行二次手术。术中发现所有病例均因第一次手术时减压棉片放置位置不当和/或大小不适，致责任血管复位而重新压迫面神经根部。二次手术中将责任血管游离后推移离开面神经根部，用Teflon棉进行固定。结果 二次手术后18例症状消失，1例减轻。第二次术后所有病例经1．2～7年随访，平均3．8年，除1例仍有轻度痉挛外，余症状均消失。结论 微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的有效方法，准确判断责任血管并实施有效的减压是提高手术效果、减少症状复发的关键。     

显微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的临床体会(附23例临床报道)

目的探讨面肌痉挛微血管减压治疗的术前评估和手术技巧。方法 23例共21例经MRTA检查确认面神经REZ存在责任血管的面肌痉挛患者,采用乙状窦后入路微血管减压治疗,对比观察术中发现责任血管情况,并随访分析手术疗效。结果 21例经MRTA检查术中20例在面神经REZ发现了责任血管并进行了充分减压,术后21例病人抽搐症状完全消失,2例术后症状减轻,1月后症状消失;术后出现1例患者在术后5d出现迟发性面瘫,经针灸、理疗、药物治疗等处理,1月后治愈;无死亡病例;无脑脊液漏、颅内感染及颅内血肿等严重并发症。结论微血管减压术是血管源性面肌痉挛有效的治疗方法,术前MRTA评估、术中准确判定责任血管并充分减压有助于提高手术疗效。     

面肌痉挛微血管减压手术技巧及并发症分析(附34例报告)

目的探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的手术策略及术后并发症。方法采用微血管减压术治疗原发性面肌痉挛患者34例。术前所有患者均行MRI或MRA检查,排除继发性因素并确定责任血管与面神经关系;分析术中经过及术后并发症。结果术后症状立即消失26例(76.5%,26/34),8例好转;术后并发症:9例耳鸣或听力下降,2例脑脊液耳漏,1例脑脊液鼻漏,1例颅内感染,2例面瘫。未见无效病例。随访6个月～3年,31例治愈,1例术后约1年复发;3例听力下降。结论微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛效果确切,有针对性的手术策略和细致的手术操作能显著减少并发症的产生。     

微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛疗效分析

目的 探讨微血管减压术治疗面肌痉挛的疗效。方法 对采用微血管减压术治疗的45例面肌痉挛的临床资料、术中责任血管、术后疗效、并发症进行回顾性分析。结果 术中发现责任血管为椎动脉4例,小脑后下动脉13例,小脑前下动脉25例,未发现责任血管1例。术后34例（75.6%）症状即刻消失,11例（24.4%）仍有不同程度面肌痉挛症状。术后出现面瘫3例,听力下降2例,脑脊液耳漏1例。随访1~4年,症状消失41例（91.1%）,仍有面肌痉挛症状3例（6.7%）,症状消失后复发1例（2.2%）。结论 微血管减压术是治疗面肌痉挛的有效方式,扎实的理论基础知识及熟练的手术技巧是提高疗效和减少并发症的关键。     

显微血管减压治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的临床分析

目的总结显微血管减压术治疗三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛的手术体会,分析疗效和术后并发症。方法回顾性分析2011年4月至2018年6月20例行显微血管减压术治疗的三叉神经痛和面肌痉挛患者的临床资料。从骨窗显露与神经血管保护、责任血管辨识与手术策略、疗效及术后并发症等方面进行总结分析。结果本组病例手术早期的总体治愈率为95%,其中三叉神经痛患者术后治愈8例,面肌痉挛患者术后即刻治愈10例,延迟痊愈1例,好转1例,严重并发症1例,轻度并发症3例。手术策略和技巧与疗效及并发症相关。结论显微血管减压术是治疗三叉神经痛及面肌痉挛的有效外科方法,个体化选择不同的手术策略对疗效和并发症的发生具有重要意义。     

面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛的发病机制、治疗方法和预后。方法手术治疗1例右侧面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛的女性患者,并结合文献分析术中所见、手术疗效及随访结果。结果此病例右侧三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛是由粗大移位椎动脉压迫所致,行显微血管减压术后病人三叉神经痛、面肌痉挛消失,无并发症。结论同侧三叉神经痛合并面肌痉挛少见,粗大移位的椎动脉通常是导致面肌痉挛合并三叉神经痛的直接或间接责任血管,微血管减压术是有效的治疗方法。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。     

Effect of high simple dose of cisplatinum and of radiation on the brain of rabbit

Abstract

In former studies of intracarotid and intravenous administration of cisplatinum, separate and combined with brain irradiation, we found no cerebral damage. In this study! gradually increasing high doses (above the therapeutic ones) of cisplatinum were administered intravenously to one series of rabbits arid increasing high amounts of irradiation (above the therapeutic amounts) were given to another series. Although the rabbits that received highest doses of irradiation developed areas of alopecia and skin ulcers on the head! the general clinical and histopathologic examination of the rabbits brains in both series was normal. The purpose of this study was to establish the effects of high doses of intravenous cisplatinum and irradiation on the rabbits brains. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 216–218]