Bcl-2基因转染对心脏移植排斥反应中心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的　探讨Bcl-2基因转染对心脏移植排斥反应中心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法　采用小鼠颈部心脏移植模型 ,随机分为 3组 :对照组、移植组、Bcl-2组。分别于术后第 1、3、5、7d各取 4只移植心脏 ,原位末端标记 (TUNEL)法染色检测心肌细胞凋亡 ,以心肌细胞凋亡阳性细胞数占总心肌细胞数的百分比作为心肌细胞凋亡指数 (apoptosisindex ,AI)。用免疫组化方法观察Bcl -2的表达情况。结果　移植组心肌细胞于术后第 1d即已出现凋亡 ,第 3d明显增加 ,第 7d达高峰。Bcl-2组术后第 1d心肌细胞即表达Bcl -2 ,第 3d表达明显增加 ,第 5d达高峰 ,第 7d仍维持高峰状态。Bcl -2组各时间点心肌细胞凋亡指数明显小于对应的移植组(P <0 0 1)。结论　Bcl -2基因转染对心脏移植排斥反应中心肌细胞凋亡有显著抑制作用     

过量酒精对大鼠生精细胞凋亡的影响

目的　研究酒精致生精细胞凋亡发生的机制及酒精凋亡相关基因Bcl- 2、Bax在睾丸及生精细胞表达的影响。方法　利用人类饮用白酒制备大鼠的酒精毒性模型 ,采用组织学技术和免疫组织化学技术检测酒精对生精细胞凋亡及其相关基因Bcl- 2、Bax表达的影响。用 2种剂量的酒精作用于大鼠的 2个生精周期 ,检测睾丸生精小管中Bcl- 2、Bax蛋白表达的阳性细胞数和表达强度。结果　每个生精小管中Bcl- 2蛋白表达的阳性细胞数在高剂量组为 96± 3 3 74,低剂量组为 15 6 6± 2 8 5 2 ,均显著低于正常对照组 (2 2 2 6± 5 6 86) (P <0 0 1) ;每个细胞中Bcl- 2蛋白表达强度 (OD值 )在高剂量组 (0 142± 0 0 3 5 )、低剂量组 (0 15 1± 0 0 2 6) ,都明显低于对照组 (0 196± 0 0 3 2 ) (P <0 0 1) ;Bax蛋白表达的阳性细胞数在高剂量组为 (412 4± 96 75 ) ,低剂量组为 (3 3 7 5± 94 3 9) ,均明显高于对照组(2 14± 82 5 7) (P <0 0 1) ,Bax蛋白的表达强度 (OD值 )也有同样的变化 ,高剂量组 (0 113± 0 0 3 6)和低剂量组 (0 0 82± 0 0 17) ,均明显高于对照组 (0 0 5± 0 0 2 4) (P <0 0 1)。凋亡细胞增多 ,平均每个生精小管中的凋亡细胞数目在高剂量组为 15 5 3± 3 75 ,显著高于正常对照组 (2 2     

醋酸铅对大鼠脑细胞凋亡及bcl-2基因表达的影响

目的　探讨醋酸铅 (PbAc)对大鼠脑细胞凋亡的诱发作用及对bcl 2基因表达的影响。方法　SD大鼠腹腔分别注射PbAc 2 5、5 0、10 0mg/kg 5d ,第 6天用流式细胞仪分别测定其大脑皮层、海马和小脑组织的细胞凋亡率和bcl 2基因的表达产物Bcl 2蛋白含量。结果　染铅大鼠大脑皮层、海马、小脑细胞凋亡率 (% ) :2 5mg/kgPbAc组为 5 .80± 0 .87、4.82± 0 .37、4.82± 1.2 3 ,5 0 mg/kg组值高于 2 5mg/kg组 ,10 0mg/kg组值高于 5 0mg/kg组 ,均比对照组 (1.40± 0 .70、2 .0 0± 0 .6 3、1.6 6±0 .49)高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;并有剂量 -反应关系 (r值分别为 0 .998、0 .989、0 .997)。染铅大鼠大脑皮层、海马、小脑bcl 2基因表达 (FI指数 ) :2 5mg/kgPbAc组为 0 .6 8± 0 .0 3、0 .6 1± 0 .0 6、0 .6 9± 0 .0 5 ;5 0mg/kg、10 0mg/kg组值均与 2 5mg/kg组接近 ,但均比对照组 (1.0 0± 0 .13、1.0 0±0 .17、1.0 0± 0 .13)降低 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;并有剂量 -反应关系 (r值分别为 0 .886、0 .787、0 .832 )。大鼠大脑皮层、海马和小脑细胞凋亡率与Bcl 2含量呈负相关 (r值分别为 - 0 .75 0、- 0 .5 0 9、- 0 .6 6 7)。结论　铅可以诱发大鼠脑细胞凋亡 ,其机制可能与脑组织内bcl 2基因表达下调有关     

肺癌化疗前后p53表达和细胞凋亡的变化

目的　探讨化疗对肺癌细胞凋亡、p5 3蛋白表达的影响。方法　收集实验组 14例肺癌病人化疗前后标本和对照组术前未作化疗肺癌标本 2 8例 ,采用免疫组化法检测p5 3蛋白表达 ,采用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡 ,并作化疗前后的比较。结果　对照组和实验组在化疗前后p5 3阳性表达无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而化疗后凋亡指数明显升高 (P <0 0 1)。结论　化疗可诱发肺癌细胞凋亡 ,但对p5 3蛋白表达没有影响     

Bcl-2/Bax蛋白表达与星形细胞瘤恶性程度的相关性研究

目的　探讨星形细胞瘤中Bcl -2和Bax蛋白表达与其恶性程度的关系。方法　用免疫组织化学法和原位缺口末端标记 (TUNEL)法分别检测 10例正常脑组织和 80例经病理证实的不同恶性程度的星形细胞瘤中Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率。结果　正常脑组织中未见Bcl -2和Bax蛋白阳性表达 ,且凋亡细胞百分率仅为 (0 6± 0 1) % ;不同恶性程度的星形细胞瘤间Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率的差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ,且随着恶性程度的增高 ,Bcl -2蛋白表达阳性率有降低的趋势 ,而Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率均有升高的趋势。相关分析显示 ,星形细胞瘤的恶性程度与Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率呈正相关 (r =0 90 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,而与Bcl-2蛋白表达阳性率呈负相关 (r =-0 93 2 ,P <0 0 5 )。结论　Bcl -2、Bax蛋白表达阳性率和凋亡细胞百分率可能与星形细胞瘤的恶性程度有关     

氟致人胎肝细胞DNA损伤及其对细胞凋亡和p53蛋白表达的影响

目的　研究氟对L 0 2细胞DNA的损伤作用及其对细胞凋亡和p5 3表达的影响 ,并探讨p5 3表达与细胞凋亡之间的关系。方法　体外培养的L 0 2细胞分别接触 0、4 0、80、1 6 0 μg ml氟化钠 (对照组、A、B、C组 ) 2 4h后 ,检测L 0 2细胞DNA损伤率、细胞凋亡百分率和p5 3蛋白表达水平。结果　染氟各组细胞DNA损伤率均明显高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。与对照组相比 ,B组和C组细胞凋亡百分率明显升高 (P <0 0 5 )。B组和C组细胞p5 3蛋白表达量均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　氟可导致L 0 2细胞DNA损伤率上升 ,诱导细胞凋亡和p5 3表达 ,并且随着氟浓度的升高 ,细胞凋亡率和p5 3蛋白的表达量均随之升高     

罗格列酮对2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及其基因表达的影响

目的　观察 2型糖尿病大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率、凋亡调控基因Bax、Bcl-2的表达变化及罗格列酮的干预作用。方法　8周龄SD大鼠高热量饮食一月后 ,腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素 (STZ 3 0mg/kg) ,成模后分别于 12、2 4周宰杀动物 ,采用光镜、原位末端标记法、流式细胞术检测心肌细胞凋亡及心肌Bax、Bcl -2表达水平。结果　糖尿病大鼠心肌凋亡细胞数明显增多 ,Bax蛋白表达显著上调 ,Bax/Bcl-2比值增加 (P均 <0 0 1) ,Bcl -2蛋白表达有所下降 ,但无统计学意义。罗格列酮干预组凋亡率降低 (P <0 0 1) ,升高的Bax蛋白表达下调 ,降低的Bcl -2蛋白表达上调 ,但与糖尿病未治疗组均无统计学差异 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　心肌细胞凋亡在糖尿病大鼠心肌病变进程中起一定作用 ,罗格列酮可抑制心肌细胞凋亡 ,但与Bax、Bcl -2的调控关系不大。     

镉诱导LLC-PK_1细胞凋亡与bcl-2、p53蛋白表达关系的研究

目的　探讨镉诱导LLC PK1 细胞凋亡及与bcl 2、p5 3(mtp5 3)蛋白表达的相互关系。方法　采用透射电镜观察凋亡小体、流式细胞仪分析凋亡率、琼脂糖凝胶DNA电泳方法确定镉对LLC PK1 细胞诱导的凋亡作用 ,以及流式细胞仪分别测定bcl 2和p5 3基因表达产物bcl 2蛋白、mtp5 3蛋白。结果　透射电镜观察发现 4 0 μmol LCdCl2 作用LLC PK1 细胞 12h后 ,出现典型的凋亡小体 ;流式细胞仪分析其凋亡率为 32 6 1% ,并高于对照组 (1 0 8% ) (P <0 0 1) ;琼脂糖凝胶DNA电泳呈明显梯形条带。 0、10、2 0、4 0 μmol LCdCl2 作用LLC PK1 细胞 4h、8h ,8h后 ,bcl 2基因表达逐渐下降 ,并呈良好的剂量 -反应关系 (r=- 0 910 ,P <0 0 5 ) ;作用 4h、8h后mtp5 3蛋白表达均明显下降 ,并有剂量 -反应关系 (r值分别为 - 0 716、- 0 972 ,P值均 <0 0 5 )。结论　镉诱导LLC PK1 细胞凋亡可能与镉抑制bcl 2、mtp5 3蛋白表达有关     

腺病毒介导野生型p53基因转染对人胃癌细胞系的作用

目的　观察野生型p5 3基因 (wtp5 3 )对体外培养人胃癌细胞系生长的抑制作用 ,探讨野生型p5 3基因在胃癌基因治疗中的重要意义。方法　以携带有野生型p5 3基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒 (pAd -p5 3 )为载体 ,转染有p5 3基因突变的人胃癌细胞系BGC -790 1。应用生化染色 ,检测外源基因的转染效率 ;应用免疫组化、原位杂交等方法检测外源基因的表达效果 ;应用细胞计数、MTT法检测pAd -p5 3转染对胃癌细胞生长的抑制效果 ;应用流式细胞仪检测细胞周期。结果　当腺病毒在 10 0MOI以上效靶比转染人胃癌细胞系时 ,转染效率达 10 0 %。转染 3d以后 ,胃癌细胞中突变性p5 3蛋白表达开始减少 ,野生型p5 3mRNA的表达开始增多 ,BGC -790 1细胞生长受到明显抑制 ,流式细胞仪检测显示G0 /G1期细胞数增加 (未转染组 5 6 47% ,转染pAd -p5 3组 79 40 % ,P<0 0 5 ) ,S期细胞数减少 (未转染组 3 0 80 % ,转染pAd -p5 3组 13 81% ,P <0 0 1)。结论　腺病毒介导的野生型p5 3基因体外转染人胃癌细胞 ,可有效抑制胃癌细胞的生长 ,可能成为胃癌基因治疗的手段之一。     

乙醇对心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

目的 研究乙醇对心肌细胞凋亡及凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax表达的影响.方法 将雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别给予10%,20%,30%的乙醇和生理盐水腹腔注射,每日1次,连续30 d,通过心肌细胞的核固红-结晶紫和免疫组织化学染色,分析细胞凋亡及凋亡相关Bcl-2）和Bcl相关蛋白（基因--B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2基因（B-cenlymphoma/leukemia-2,Bcl-associated xprotein,Bax）的表达.结果实验组部分心肌细胞核染色质凝集,染为蓝紫色;定量分析显示,实验组异常的心肌细胞核明显多于对照组（P＜0.01）.实验组心肌细胞中Bcl-2的表达弱于对照组（P＜0.01）,且分布不均;而实验组心肌细胞中Bax的表达明显增强（P＜0.01）,可见棕色粗大颗粒.结论 心肌细胞凋亡在乙醇对心肌影响的发生机制上发挥一定的作用;随着乙醇浓度的增加,心肌细胞的凋亡征象愈加明显;乙醇引起的心肌细胞凋亡与凋亡相关基因Bcl-2和Bax的异常表达有关.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.