Significant positive correlation of plasma BPDE-albumin adducts to urinary 1-hydroxypyrene in coke oven workers

Objective To investigate the application of BPDE-albumin adducts as monitoring biomarkers for coke oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and to explore possible relationship between BPDE-albumin adducts and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) levels in them. Methods Thirty-seven coke oven workers from a coke plant and 47 controls without the occupational exposure to PAHs were recruited in this study. The levels of plasma BPDE-albumin adducts and urinary 1-OHP were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Results The median levels of BPDE-albumin adducts (42.10 fmol/mg albumin) and urinary 1-OHP (5.46 μmol/mol creatinine) were significantly higher in coke oven workers than in controls (14.16 fmol/mg albumin,2.96 μmol/mol creatinine,respectively; P<0.01). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that coke oven workers were at higher risk of having BPDE-albumin adduct levels above 25.30 μmol/mg albumin (OR=1.79,P<0.01) and urinary 1-OHP levels above 4.13 μmol/mol creatinine (OR=2.45,P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the levels of BPDE-albumin adducts and urinary 1-OHP in all subjects (rs=0.349,P<0.01). Conclusion BPDE-albumin adduct is a useful biomarker for monitoring long-term exposure to PAHs,and plasma BPDE-albumin adducts level is significantly correlated to urinary 1-OHP levels in coke oven workers.     

Myelin protein zero and its antibody in serum as biomarkers of n-hexane-induced peripheral neuropathy and neurotoxicity effects

Background Chronic exposure to n-hexane can lead to peripheral neuropathy that no effective treatment regimen could be applied presently. This study investigated whether myelin protein zero （P0） protein and its antibody could be used to distinguish n-hexane intoxication and protect workers from peripheral neuropathy. Methods We compared P0 protein and its antibody among three levels of n-hexane-exposed groups, which included 18 patients with n-hexane-induced peripheral neuropathy as case group, 120 n-hexane-exposed workers as n-hexane- exposed control group, and 147 non-hexane-exposed participants used as control group. ELISA method was applied to detect P0 protein and its antibody. Results P0 protein in serum was significantly higher in the case group and n-hexane-exposed control group in comparison with the control group （P〈0.01）. Compared with the n-hexane-exposed control group, the case group also had significant increase of P0 protein （P〈0.01）. After 6 months therapy, P0 protein was observed to decrease significantly in the case group （P〈0.01）. The P0 antibody in serum was significantly higher in the n-hexane-exposed control group than in the control group （P〈0.01）, but not significantly different between cases and controls. Conclusions P0 antibodies in serum may be a short-term effect biomarker for n-hexane exposure. P0 protein in serum may be an early effective biomarker for peripheral nerve neuropathy and its biological limit value needs investigation in the future study.     

Establishment of Occupational Exposure Limit for Warfarin in China

This study aims to establish the occupational exposure limit (OEL) in the air for workplace of warfarin based on the available toxicological studies and field investigations by using questionnaire and air monitoring. The clinical therapeutic dose was used aslowest observed effect level     

Neutral red retention by earthworm coelomocytes: a biomarker of cadmium contamination in soil

The earthworm Metaphire posthuma were used as a model to assess the toxic potential of cadmium incorporated into the soil by environmental or human activities.The retention period of neutralred in the lysosomes of the coelomocytes was used as a biomarker.The viability of harvested coelomocytes by a non-invasive extrusion protocol was 93% with no alteration by the dye during experimentation.The control cells retained dye for 119 and 121 min in normal soil and KCl,respectively,whereas a linear decline in the retention time in the treated arthworm coelomocytes was observed.This illustrated that the presence of cadmium caused damage to the lysosomes of the coelomocytes.     

Risk of Upper Extremity Biomechanical Overload in Automotive Facility

Objective To assess the risk factors for upper extremity-work-related musculoskeletal disorders(UE-WMSD) on 13 prod ucti on lines in an airbag factory using the threshold limit values-American conference of industrial hygienists-hand activity level(TLV-ACGIH-HAL) method and introduce the ergonomic improvement to reduce the repe titi veness and the peak force(Pf).Methods Professional exposure level on 13 production lines in a automobile factory was measured using the TLV-ACGIH-HAL method and a further risk was assessed according to the ergonomic improvement.Results The first assessment of 9 produc tion lines showed that the professional exposure level was above the TLV or HAL limit.The second assessment showed that the professional exposure level was below the AL limit on all production lines except 1,in which the professional exposure level was between TLV and HAL.Conclusion The assessment of UE-WMSD-related risk can ide ntif y the riskiest emplacements and evaluate the reduc tion of risk in professional exposure through interventi ons of structuralorganizati onal type.     

Oxidative Damage to Lung Tissue and Peripheral Blood in Endotracheal PM2.5-treated Rats

Objective To investigate the oxidative damage to lung tissue and peripherial blood in PM2.5-treated rats. Methods PM2.5 samples were collected using an auto-sampling instrument in summer and winter. Treated samples were endotracheally instilled into rats. Activity of reduced glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） and concentration of malondialdehyde （MDA） were used as oxidative damage biomarkers of lung tissue and peripheral blood detected with the biochemical method. DNA migration length （μm） and rate of tail were used as DNA damage biomarkers of lung tissue and peripheral blood detected with the biochemical method. Results The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of MDA in lung tissue significantly decreased after exposure to PM2.5 for 7-14 days. In peripheral blood, the concentration of MDA decreased, but the activity of GSH-Px increased 7 and 14 days after experiments. The two indicators had a dose-effect relation and similar changing tendency in lung tissue and peripheral blood. The DNA migration length （μm） and rate of tail in lung tissue and peripheral blood significantly increased 7 and 14 days after exposure to PM2.5. The two indicators had a dose-effect relation and similar changing tendency in lung tissue and peripheral blood. Conclusion PM2.5 has a definite oxidative effect on lung tissue and peripheral blood. The activity of GSH-Px and the concentration of MDA are valuable biomarkers of oxidative lung tissue damage induced by PM2.5. The DNA migration length （μm） and rate of tail are simple and valuable biomarkers of PM2 5-induced DNA damage in lung tissues and peripheral blood. The degree of DNA damage in peripheral blood can predict the degree of DNA damage in lung tissue.     

Recommended Diagnostic Criteria for Occupational Chronic Lead Poisoning

The present study aims to recommend the normal upper limit,the acceptable upper limit,the subclinical lead absorption and intoxication diagnostic criteria in an effort to re-evaluate the current national diagnostic criteria for the occupational chronic lead poisoning.The study was conducted on 330 lead exposed workers and 100 non-exposed controls based on the determination of blood and urinary lead,porphyrin metabolism indices,as well as other indices under a nationwide quality control program.The data were subsequently treated by the curve fitting,multi-step transformation to Gauss distribution,and discriminant analysis with the aid of a SAS software package.The relationships between the air lead and blood lead level with certain biological parameters indicative of excessive lead exposure and poisoning were well established.The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,false positive and false negative results of these critical values were also fully evaluated.This study would be useful for the amendment of the new edition of the national diagnostic criteria for the occupational chronic lead poisoning in China and would provide new approaches for similar investigations.     

Biogenic Amines as Biomarkers for Neurotoxicity

There has been a surge of interest over the past several years in the use of neurochemical endpoints to contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurotoxicants. In our present presentation, two biogenic amine systems were selected as examples of biomarkers for neurotoxicity.To investigate these neurochemical endpoints ,two prototype neurotoxicants were evaluated in experimental animals.One agent,reserpine, was used to assess developmental neurotoxicity and administered prenatally ,while the other ,MDMA, was used in the adult animal.The neurochemical biomarkers measured were dopamine,serotonin,and their metabolite(DOPAC and 5-HIAA) concentrations by HPLC/EC and dopamine receptor binding by radioligand receptor techniques.A review of the background, experimental design,and results are presented in this article.Our findings indicate that components of the biogenic amine systems can be used as sensitive neurochemical biomarkers of neurotoxicity.These neurochemical biomarkers can be correlated with neuropathological and behavioral biomarkers to aid in the understanding of mechanisms of neurotoxicity.     

Clinical effect and action mechanism of Weicao Capsule (威草胶囊) in treating gout

Objective： To study the therapeutic effect of Weicao Capsule （威草胶囊, WCC） on gout. Methods： Two hundred gout patients were assigned to two groups. The treated group was treated with WCC and the control group was treated with Tongfengding Capsule （痛风定胶囊）. Both groups were given the respective treatments orally 3 times a day, 2 capsules each time with 2 weeks as one course and all patients received 2 successive courses of treatment. Changes of blood β2- microglobulin （13 2-M）, hemoglobin （Hb）, 24 h urinary protein （24 h UP）, pH value of urine and blood uric acid （BUA） as well as kidney function were observed. Results： After treatment, level of β 2-M got lowered significantly, Hb and 24 h UP, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and the clearance rate of creatinine, as well as blood lipids all improved obviously in the treated group （all P〈0.01）, while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group （P〉0.05）. The pH value of urine was improved in both groups showing an insignificant difference between them （P〉0.05）. BUA was decreased in both groups with a decrease to a larger extent in the treated group （P〈0.01）. The total effective rate was 87% in the treated group, which was superior to that in the control group （62%, P〈0.05）. Conclusion： WCC has a favorable therapeutic effect on gout and its mechanism of action for improving renal function and reducing urinary protein could be related with the lowering of blood β 2-M, BUA and lipids.     

孕妇体内铁锌状态与镉毒效应及妊娠高血压的关系

目的探讨孕妇体内铁、锌水平与镉毒效应以及与妊娠期高血压的关系。方法分别测定90名孕妇,其中高血压孕妇10名（妊高组）,71名非孕妇的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、血镉（BCd）、血清锌（SZn）、血清铁（SFe）、血清铁蛋白（SF）、血红蛋白（Hb）、尿镉（UCd）、尿金属硫蛋白（UMt）、尿2-微球蛋白（U 2-MG）、N-乙酰--D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（UNAG）并对这些指标进行相关分析。结果反映镉接触及镉毒效应的指标都是妊高组高于正常孕妇组,正常孕妇组高于非孕妇组;孕妇组镉毒效应随UCd增高而升高;贫血组的UMt、UCd、UNAG、U 2-MG、BCd均高于非贫血组,贫血组舒张压低于非贫血组;SBP、DBP、UNAG和U 2-MG随SZn增加而降低。Hb与UCd、BCd、U 2-MG和UMt呈负相关关系;SF与UCd呈负相关关系;SZn与UNAG、UMt、U 2-MG呈负相关关系。结论缺铁能促进镉吸收;锌对镉引起的肾损伤有拮抗作用;妊娠期缺锌或者镉负荷增高可能是引起妊娠期高血压的原因之一。     

人群环境镉接触肾功能损害剂量反应关系

调查和分析居住在不同程度镉污染区的居民镉摄取量和肾功能的情况。用荧光分析法和石墨炉原子吸收法分别测定尿Ｎ－乙酰－β－氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）和尿镉。结果：镉接触人群中高ＮＡＧ尿和高白蛋白尿的发生率随尿镉排泄增高而增高，同时也随镉摄取量的增加而增高，尤以ＮＡＧ表现明显。结论：环境镉接触与人群肾功能损害之间存在着明显的剂量反应关系，而尿ＮＡＧ可作为镉肾损害的早期监测指标。     

Nephrotoxic effects of mercury exposure and smoking among Egyptian workers in a fluorescent lamp factory

BACKGROUND: It is known that mercury (Hg) has a nephrotoxic effect in exposed workers. This effect is evident when there is advanced damage of kidney tissue. METHODS: A random morning urine sample was collected from each participant for measuring urinary concentrations of total protein (UTP), retinol-binding protein (URBP), creatinine (UCr), Hg (UHg), and the activities of leucine-aminopeptidase (ULAP) and glutathione S-transferase (UGST) as well as N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG). RESULTS: Urinary excretion of the measured parameters was significantly increased among Hg-exposed workers who were smokers and among Hg-exposed workers with work duration >or=11 years than those with 相似文献   

尿酶与尿肌酐的比值诊断2型糖尿病的评价

目的探讨尿血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）、尿微量白蛋白（mALB）、尿N-乙酰-B-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）水平和它们与尿肌酐（Cr）的比值在2型糖尿病肾脏疾病的诊断价值。方法利用速率法测定健康对照组50例和2型糖尿病组65例的尿血管紧张素转化酶（ACE）、尿微量白蛋白（mALB）、尿N-乙酰-B-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）水平和与尿肌酐（Cr）的比值。结果2型糖尿病患者尿ACE、尿mALB、尿NAG明显高于正常对照组,差异显著（P〈0．05）,尿ACE、尿ACE／尿cr、尿NAG、尿NAG／尿cr、尿mALB、尿mALB／尿Cr诊断2型糖尿病的敏感度分别为83％、90％、77％、88％、79％、85％,特异度分别为73％、86％、69％、83％、70％、81％。结论尿ACE／尿Cr是诊断2型糖尿病肾病的特异性指标,对2型糖尿病肾脏损害有较高诊断价值。     

Insulin expression in rats exposed to cadmium

Objectives To investigate the effects of cadmium exposure on insulin expression in rats.Methods Eighteen adult SD rats were administered cadmium subcutaneously(0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/kg·bw).The effects on endocrine of pancreas were assessed.The levels of cadmium and zinc in pancreas,blood and urine glucose,serum insulin and urine NAG(N-acyetyl-β-glucosaminidase)were determined.The gene expressions of metallothionein(MT)and insulin were also measured,and the oral glucose tolerance tests(OGTT)were carried out.Results The contents of cadmium in pancreas in cadmium-treated rats were higher than that in the control group,which was associated with slight increase of zinc in pancreas.Cadmium-exposed rats(1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg·bw)demonstrated a marked glucose intolerance.But the levels of serum insulin did not change significantly after cadmium administration,and the UNAG had no change in Cd-treated group.The gene expression of insulin decreased in 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg·bw cadmium-exposed groups,compared with the control group.The expression of MT-I was higher in the groups exposed to 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg·bw cadmium while the expression of MT-II was higher in the group exposed to 2.0 mg/kg·bw cadmium.Conclusions Cadmium may be accumulated in the pancreas,resulting in the change of the expression of insulin,MT-I and MT-II genes.Cadmium can influence the biosynthesis of insulin,but does not induce the release of insulin.The dysfunction of pancreas occurs earlier than that of kidney after administration of cadmium.     

镉作业工人早期损害指标研究

目的：探讨镉接触剂量与肾损害指标之间的剂量－反应关系，寻找较敏感和稳定的镉损害的早期诊断指标。方法：以某镉镍电池厂镉作业工人３３９人为调查对象。选择同地区无镉接触史的食品工业工人、郊区农民４６０名为对照。收集晨尿分析尿镉、尿β２－微球蛋白（β２－ＭＧ）、尿Ｎ－乙酰－Ｂ－Ｄ－氨基葡萄糖苷酶（ＮＡＧ）、尿钙、尿γ－谷氨酰转肽酶（γ－ＧＴ）、尿总蛋白。结果：镉作业工人尿镉、尿β２－ＭＧ、尿ＮＡＧ、尿钙、尿γ－ＧＴ、尿总蛋白均显著高于对照组，β２－ＭＧ和尿ΝＡＧ与工龄的相关系数分别为０．２５８９（Ｐ＜０．０１）和０．１６０５（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：尿镉可作为镉作业工人暴露镉的指标，１０μｇ／Ｌ作为健康损害的临界值有一定的价值。尿ＮＡＧ比尿β２－ＭＧ能较好的反映镉引起的早期肾脏损害，尿镉、尿ＮＡＧ和尿β２－ＭＧ二联指标可作为镉作业工人早期损害的诊断依据。     

尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶对原发性肾病综合征并发急性肾损伤的诊断价值

探讨原发性肾病综合征(primary nephrotic syndrome,PNS)并发急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的危险因素及尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)在PNS并发AKI中的预测价值。方法 PNS患者78例,其中PNS并发AKI患者(AKI组)21例,PNS未并发AKI(非AKI组)患者57例。对2组患者记录年龄、性别、有无感染、有无使用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂和(或)血管紧张素受体拮抗剂(ACEI/ARB)及非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDS),记录入院后的血压[收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)],测定2组患者血尿素氮(BUN)、血尿酸(BUA)、血肌酐(SCr)、外周血白细胞计数(WBC计数)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血总胆固醇(TC)、血三酰甘油(TG)、血纤维蛋白原(Fbg)和血清C-反应蛋白(CRP)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)及NAG、尿β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、24h尿蛋白定量的水平。结果 PNS并AKI的发生率为26.9%(21/78),AKI组男性发病率较非AKI组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。AKI组患者血BuN、血BUA、血Fbg、尿NAG、尿β2-MG、24h尿蛋白定量水平均明显高于非AKI组(P<0.05或P<0.01),AKI组患者血浆Alb水平明显低于非AKI组(P<0.05)。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:男性、血BUA、血浆Fbg、尿NAG、24h尿蛋白定量水平高是PNS并发AKI的危险因素。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:尿NAG升高是PNS并发AKI的独立危险因素[OR1.059、OR(95%CI)1.005～1.115、P<0.01]。尿NAG升高诊断PNS并发AKI特征曲线下面积(AUCROC)为0.903(95%CI 0.826～0.979);尿NAG诊断PNS并发AKI的阳性参考值为>83U.L-1,敏感性为0.789,特异性为0.936。结论尿NAG是早期发现、早期诊断PNS并发AKI的理想生物学标记物。     

四逆汤治疗急性马兜铃酸肾病的疗效研究

目的：观察四逆汤治疗急性马兜铃酸肾病的疗效。方法入选29例服用含木通汤药导致急性肾损伤患者,随机分为四逆汤组15例和一般治疗组14例。观察治疗前及治疗后4周、8周血清尿素氮、肌酐、尿NAG酶、尿糖等指标变化,测定尿氧化应激产物,比较肾功能恢复情况。结果治疗前2组血、尿指标差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。治疗后4周,2组血清尿素氮、肌酐均较治疗前明显下降（P﹤0.05）,且四逆汤组尿氧化应激产物、尿NAG酶、尿糖低于一般治疗组（P﹤0.05）。治疗8周,四逆汤组血清尿素氮、肌酐明显低于一般治疗组（P﹤0.05）,但尿NAG酶、尿糖及尿氧化应激产物差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）。结论四逆汤可减轻肾组织氧化应激,而促进急性马兜铃酸肾病急性肾损伤患者的恢复。     

尿乳酸/肌酐比值在新生儿窒息预后评估中的应用价值

目的：探讨尿乳酸/肌酐比值与新生儿窒息发生的关系，阐明尿乳酸/肌酐比值在预测新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）中的应用价值。方法：采用病例-对照研究设计方法，选取40例发生窒息的新生儿患者为窒息组，40名健康新生儿作为对照组。检测出生后1 d新生儿尿乳酸/肌酐比值、尿
N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)/肌酐比值和Apgar评分，分析窒息组与对照组新生儿尿乳酸/肌酐比值、尿NAG/肌酐比值与新生儿HIE发生的关系。结果：窒息组新生儿1-min和5-min Apgar评分明显低于对照组（P<0.01）；窒息组新生儿生后1 d尿乳酸/肌酐比值及尿NAG/肌酐比值明显高于对照组（P<0.01）；窒息组新生儿生后1 d尿乳酸/肌酐比值与1-min和5-min Apgar评分均呈负相关关系(r=－0.636，P<0.01；r=－0.883，P<0.01)，窒息组新生儿生后1 d尿乳酸/肌酐比值与尿NAG/肌酐比值呈正相关关系（r=0.433，P<0.01）。结论：尿乳酸/肌酐比值对新生儿窒息的预后评估具有重要作用，同时可作为早期预测新生儿HIE的重要依据。
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