微型营养评定法在恶性肿瘤病人中的应用

为探讨微型营养评定法 (MNA)在恶性肿瘤病人的营养状况评价中的价值 ,测定 2 6 2例恶性肿瘤病人的MNA总分、身高、体重、年龄、体力状况、血液血红蛋白量 (Hb)、红细胞数 (RBC)、血清白蛋白浓度 (Alb)、血清前白蛋白浓度 (PA)。计算实际体重 健康时平时体重比 (UBW % )。根据MNA总分评价病人营养状况 :营养不良组 (MNA总分 <17) ;营养不良危险组 (MNA总分介于 17～ 2 3 5 ) ;营养良好组 (MNA总分≥ 2 4)。结果显示 :MNA总分与UBW %、Alb、PA、BMI值呈显著相关 (r=0 5 0 1～ 0 72 4,P =0 0 0 0 )。MNA与UBW %、BMI、PA、Alb方法评价病人的营养状况有良好的一致性 ,符合率分别为 82 %、76 %、71%、6 8%。根据MNA方法评价全组病人 ,营养不良者占 31 7% (83 2 6 2例 ) ,营养不良危险者占 2 5 9% (6 8 2 6 2例 ) ,营养良好者占 42 4%(111 2 6 2例 ) ;营养不良与营养不良危险的发生率无显著性差异 ;老年与非老年患者营养不良发生率无明显差异。胃癌、肝癌的营养不良发生率明显高于肺癌 (P =0 0 0 1)。体力状况越差 (ECOG分级越高 )、营养不良发生率越高。贫血患者营养不良发生率明显高于非贫血者。感染患者营养不良发生率明显高于非感染者。结果提示 ,MNA对于恶性肿瘤患者具有良好的营养评价作用。胃癌?     

肌力和营养状态的关系

采用国产WL—Ⅱ型握力计测量握力(GS),研究肌力与营养状况的关系。以健康人男109人和女110人各分成5个年龄组,在1min内,连续测10次力腕,取平均值作为男、女各年龄组的标准GS。以我院普外病房非急症住院134例患者(男66例、女68例,恶性肿瘤75例、良性疾病59例)为对象。入院3天内无选择地进行人体测量(IBW、TSF、AMC、和GS)以及实验室检查(Hb、ALb、Tf、CHI和TLC)。人体测量部分用测得值与标准值的百分比表示,分成营养正常和营养不良两组。将各组之间的GS进行比较研究。发现营养不良组IBW、TSF、AMC和CHI的肌力GS明显下降,具有统计学意义。所以,推荐GS可以作为一个简单、易行、实用的人体营养状况的评价指标。     

主观综合性评估乙型肝炎性肝硬化病人的营养状况

目的:探讨主观综合性营养评估(SGA)在乙型肝炎性肝硬化病人中的应用价值. 方法:回顾分析乙型肝炎性肝硬化病人140例,根据Child-Pugh分级,将病人分为A、B和C组,比较各组间营养指标的差异,并分析Child-Pugh分级与营养指标的相关性. 结果:乙型肝炎性肝硬化病人营养不良的总发生率为42.85％,其中轻-中度营养不良40例(28.57％),重度营养不良20例(14.29％).各组间的体重指数(BMI)、肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、上臂围(AC)、上臂肌围(AMC)、肌酐身高指数(CHI)、血清转铁蛋白(TF)和清蛋白(ALB)等差异均有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05).BMI和血清TF与病人Child-Pugh分级相关性不显著(P＞0.05),而AMC、TSF、CHI和血清ALB与病人Child-Pugh分级均呈负相关(r分别为-0.404、-0.673、-0.597、-0.814,P＜0.05). 结论:肝硬化病人多存在不同程度的营养不良,SGA可用于肝硬化病人营养状况的评估.     

早期肠内营养在高龄食管癌患者术后的应用价值

目的 探讨早期肠内营养在高龄食管癌患者术后的应用价值.方法 选取62例年龄≥70岁食管癌患者,按随机数字表法分为肠内营养组和肠外营养组,每组31例,测定两组患者术前、术后第1天、术后第8天的血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)水平,并观察术后感染性并发症和心血管并发症的发生情况.结果 肠内营养组和肠外营养组术后第8天血清ALB[分别为(36.82±2.43)、(36.20±1.46)g/L]、PA[分别为(0.252±0.041)、(0.220±0.038)g/L]比较,差异有统计学意义(t=2.535、2.880,P＜0.05),肠内营养组在改善患者营养状况方面优于肠外营养组.肠内营养组感染性并发症、心血管并发症分别为9、4例,肠外营养组分别为17、19例,差异有统计学意义(x2=4.24、15.55,P＜0.05).结论 高龄食管癌患者术后早期肠内营养能明显改善患者营养状况,减少并发症的发生率,有极高的应用价值.     

早期肠内营养对消化系统肿瘤术后患者营养状况及免疫功能的影响

目的 观察早期肠内营养对消化系统肿瘤术后患者营养状况及免疫功能的影响.方法 将200例消化系统肿瘤患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各100例;观察组于术后早期行肠内营养支持治疗,对照组行肠外营养支持治疗,观察两组术后肠功能恢复时间;于术前及术后d7,分别测定患者的血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TF)水平及体液(血液中IgA、IgG、IgM)、细胞免疫(T淋巴细胞及其亚群、NK细胞、B淋巴细胞)指标.结果 观察组患者术后胃肠道功能恢复时间短于对照组(P＜0.05),血清ALB、PA、TF水平和体液、细胞免疫指标均显著高于对照组(P均＜ 0.05).结论 消化系统肿瘤患者术后早期肠内营养在改善营养状况及免疫功能方面优于肠外营养组,是理想的营养途径,值得在临床推广应用.     

恶性肿瘤病人营养不良评价方法的比较

目的比较营养不良指标：体质指数(BMI)、实际体重与理想体重比(％IBW1)和血清白蛋白浓度(Alb)对恶性肿瘤病人营养不良的诊断意义。探讨《中国成年人体质测定标准指南》的实用价值。     

头颈胸部恶性肿瘤92例营养状况分析

目的 横断面调查头颈胸部肿瘤患者的营养状况,为临床营养治疗提供依据.方法 采用主观全面评价法(SGA)对92例头颈胸部恶性肿瘤患者进行营养调查,并测定生化指标、人体测量指标及人体成分指标.结果 92例头颈胸部恶性肿瘤患者SGA评定营养不良的发生率为29.4％,不同肿瘤类型及临床分期营养不良的发生率也不同,分别为22.7％ ～ 37.5％和11.1％ ～38.5％;SGA与多数传统营养指标之间有相关性(r=0.212 ～0.422,P＜0.05);生化、人体测量及人体成分指标比较,除淋巴细胞总数及细胞外水无差异外,营养不良组水肿指数高于营养正常组(P＜0.05),其他指标均低于营养正常组(P＜0.05).结论 恶性肿瘤患者存在一定程度的营养不良,应结合多种指标早期持续地监测恶性肿瘤患者的营养状况,从而制定相应的营养治疗方案.     

相位角评估喉癌病人营养状况可行性研究

目的:探讨相位角(PA)评估喉恶性肿瘤病人营养状况的可行性.方法:收集140例喉癌住院病人,术前使用Inbody S 10行人体成分分析、记录PA值,同时进行营养筛查与评估、体格测量与实验室检查.分析PA与营养相关指标的相关性,并以病人主观整体评估(PG-SGA)为营养评价标准,绘制PA的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,进而根据截断值分为低PA组与高PA组,计算低PA组营养不良的相对危险度.结果:PA与体质量、BMI、上臂围、上臂肌围、总蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白呈正相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、细胞外水分率(ECW/TBW)呈负相关(P＜0.05);PA的ROC曲线下面积0.71(P＜ 0.01),诊断为营养不良的PA截断值为5.89,灵敏度0.69,特异度0.68,约登指数0.37;低PA组营养不良的比例(71.2％)明显高于高PA组(34.3％),与高PA组相比,低PA组发生营养不良的相对危险度为2.28(95％CI,1.53 ～ 3.41).结论:相位角与喉癌病人的营养状况密切相关,在喉癌病人营养不良的诊断中具有一定的临床应用价值.     

相位角评估喉癌病人营养状况可行性研究

目的:探讨相位角(PA)评估喉恶性肿瘤病人营养状况的可行性.方法:收集140例喉癌住院病人,术前使用Inbody S 10行人体成分分析、记录PA值,同时进行营养筛查与评估、体格测量与实验室检查.分析PA与营养相关指标的相关性,并以病人主观整体评估(PG-SGA)为营养评价标准,绘制PA的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,进而根据截断值分为低PA组与高PA组,计算低PA组营养不良的相对危险度.结果:PA与体质量、BMI、上臂围、上臂肌围、总蛋白、前白蛋白、血红蛋白呈正相关(P＜0.05),与年龄、细胞外水分率(ECW/TBW)呈负相关(P＜0.05);PA的ROC曲线下面积0.71(P＜ 0.01),诊断为营养不良的PA截断值为5.89,灵敏度0.69,特异度0.68,约登指数0.37;低PA组营养不良的比例(71.2％)明显高于高PA组(34.3％),与高PA组相比,低PA组发生营养不良的相对危险度为2.28(95％CI,1.53 ～ 3.41).结论:相位角与喉癌病人的营养状况密切相关,在喉癌病人营养不良的诊断中具有一定的临床应用价值.     

不同营养状况慢性阻塞性肺病患者急性期胰岛素测定及其临床意义探讨

目的为了研究慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)急性发作期空腹血清胰岛素与营养状态的相互关系,探讨COPD合并营养不良的机制.方法通过人体测量和内脏蛋白测定,对42例COPD急性发作期患者进行营养状况评价,同时应用放免法检测其空腹胰岛素水平.结果发现中度营养不良组(B组)、重度营养不良组(C组)空腹胰岛素分别是12±7、13±7μU/ml,显著低于营养正常组(A组)27±17μU/ml(P<0.01),C组空腹血糖为5.9±1.5mmol/L,显著高于A组4.8±1.2mmol/L(P<0.05).结论COPD营养不良患者的内脏蛋白显著下降和脂肪贮存耗竭,可能与患者胰岛素分泌不足有关,在营养支持中应适当补充胰岛素.     

Inflammation contributes to low plasma amino acid concentrations in patients with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND: Inflammation and malnutrition are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and plasma concentrations of free amino acids (AAs) in these patients are often abnormal. Malnutrition contributes to alterations in AA concentrations. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to study the effects of inflammation on plasma AA concentrations. DESIGN: Concentrations of plasma AAs, serum albumin, and several inflammatory markers were analyzed in 200 fasting, nondiabetic CKD patients who were close to the start of renal replacement therapy. The nutritional status of these patients was assessed by a subjective global assessment. RESULTS: The patients with inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations >10 mg/L] or malnutrition had lower AA concentrations than did the patients with no inflammation or malnutrition. The presence of both inflammation and malnutrition was associated with more marked reductions in AA concentrations than was malnutrition alone. Significant inverse correlations were observed between the plasma concentrations of most of the essential and nonessential AAs and inflammatory markers, whereas serum albumin concentrations were positively correlated with several AA concentrations. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that serum CRP concentrations were independently associated with low concentrations of the sums of both nonessential AAs and all AAs. An analysis of all-cause mortality with a Kaplan-Meier test showed that the patients with higher AA concentrations had significantly better survival than did the patients with lower AA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma AA concentrations are low in CKD patients with inflammation and are inversely correlated with concentrations of inflammatory markers. Although inflammation and malnutrition are closely related, CRP concentrations were independently associated with low concentrations of the sums of both nonessential AAs and all AAs, which suggests an independent role of inflammation as a cause of low plasma AA concentrations in CKD patients.     

Nutrition in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplant

Thirteen patients with severe liver disease had nutritional assessment in the weeks prior to orthotopic liver transplantation. Parameters measured included height and weight, upper arm anthropometry, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, total lymphocyte count, serum levels of albumin and transferrin, and plasma amino acids. Weight, when expressed as a percentage of ideal body weight, was greater than 85%, considered the normal lower limit, in all but two patients. However, mean triceps skinfold and arm muscle circumference were 49 +/- 25 and 78 +/- 9% standard, respectively. Mean serum albumin was 2.7 +/- 0.6 g/dl and although mean serum transferrin level was 184 +/- 86, eight patients had levels less than normal. Seven patients were anergic to Multitest CMI (58%) and 12 patients had depressed total lymphocyte count. All these later measurements in the aggregate support a diagnosis of protein-calorie malnutrition. High preoperative levels of amino acids, especially aspartate, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine, were returned to normal by transplantation. We conclude that protein-calorie malnutrition is common in the group of patients likely to require liver transplant, although individual nutritional assessment parameters may lack sensitivity and specificity in determining nutritional status.     

PN对COPD急性期合并营养不良患者的营养支持效果

目的：探讨肠外营养（PN）对慢性阻塞性肺病急性加重期合并营养不良患者的治疗效果，及血清游离氨基酸在营养支持中的变化。方法：21例慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）急性加重期合并营养不良患者随机分为两组，肠外营养组（PN组）和对照组。结果：两组患者与正常值比较皆存在广泛的血清游离氨基酸（SFAA）含量及各类组分含量显著低下（P＜0．01）。PN支持两周后，PN组的血清绝大部分游离氨基酸含量发生显著改善（P＜0．01），对照组改变不明显。结论：PN对COPD急性加重期合并营养不良患者的营养支持有效，并为临床营养提供依据及指导。     

Expression of T lymphocyte p56(lck), a zinc-finger signal transduction protein, is elevated by dietary zinc deficiency and diet restriction in mice

Compromised immune function is common to Zn deficiency, protein and energy malnutrition; however, the causative mechanisms at the molecular level have not been elucidated. The T lymphocyte signal transduction pathway contains several Zn-finger proteins, and it is possible that the in vivo functioning of these proteins could be affected by dietary deficiency of Zn and amino acids. Thus, the objective was to investigate the effects, on expression of the T lymphocyte signal transduction proteins p56(lck), phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1) and protein kinase C (PKCalpha), of dietary Zn deficiency (ZnDF, < 1 mg Zn/kg diet) and protein-energy malnutrition syndromes [2% protein deficiency (LP), combined Zn and 2% protein deficiency (ZnDF+LP), and diet restriction (DR, body weight equal to ZnDF)] compared with control (C) mice. Indices of nutritional status and splenocyte counts were also determined. Based on serum albumin and liver lipid concentrations, the ZnDF+LP and LP groups had protein-type malnutrition, whereas the ZnDF and DR groups had energy-type malnutrition. For Western immunoblotting of the signal transduction proteins, mouse splenic T lymphocytes were isolated by immunocolumns. The expression of T lymphocyte p56(lck) was significantly elevated in the ZnDF+LP, ZnDF and DR groups compared to the C group. In contrast, the expression of PLCgamma1 and PKC was unaffected. There was a significant negative correlation between T lymphocyte p56(lck) expression and serum Zn (r= -0.65, P = 0.0007) or femur Zn (r = -0.73, P = 0.0001) concentrations. We propose that elevated T lymphocyte p56(lck) may contribute to altered thymoctye maturation, apoptosis and lymphopenia in Zn deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition syndromes.     

胃肠癌手术前肠外营养支持的免疫作用

通过多项指标评估92例胃肠癌患者的营养和免疫状况，并对9例营养不良者术前行肠外营养支持7～10天。结果表明（1）胃肠癌患者的细胞免疫功能下降；（2）营养不良可加重患者免疫功能的损害；（3）可望通过肠外营养支持，部分改善营养不良胃肠癌患者的免疫状况。     

Lack of correlation between total lymphocyte count and nutritional status in the elderly

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Malnutrition is a widespread but largely unrecognized problem in aged people. Although absolute total lymphocyte count (TLC) has been proposed as a useful indicator of nutritional status, there is little evidence that low TLC levels reflect malnutrition in the elderly. To examine whether TLC is a suitable marker of malnutrition in the elderly. METHODS: A total of 161 elderly subjects (44 males and 117 females, mean age+/-SD: 77.9+/-7.4; range: 65-95 years) were enrolled from geriatric clinical settings. The participants were categorized according to severely low, low, or normal TLC. Anthropometry measurements, serum albumin, total cholesterol levels, and total score on the mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) were determined. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the three TLC groups with regard to anthropometry measurements, serum albumin, total cholesterol levels, or MNA score. There was a significant negative correlation of TLC with age, but not with other nutritional markers. The clinical nutritional screening tool, MNA score, was well correlated with all of the nutritional parameters used in the present study except for TLC. CONCLUSION: TLC is not a suitable marker of malnutrition in the elderly.     

术前体成分及营养状况对消化道肿瘤病人临床结局的影响

营养不良是消化道肿瘤病人术前常见并发症,对其临床结局可产生不良影响。为保证病人围术期安全性,术前需对病人进行综合评估。针对肿瘤病人营养状况评估指标较多,然而目前针对消化道肿瘤病人营养状况有效评估方法尚不明确且缺乏肿瘤相关营养不良的评估路径。因此,本文通过综述形式探讨不同营养相关指标对消化道肿瘤病人临床结局的预测作用,以期为临床医生对消化道肿瘤病人行术前营养状况评估提供参考。     

消化道恶性肿瘤化疗病人营养状况现况调查和影响因素分析

目的:通过调查消化道恶性肿瘤单纯行化疗病人的营养状态及支持的现况,并分析相关影响因素,为后期制定针对性的营养支持护理方案提供理论依据。方法:选取2019年1月~2019年9月上海长海医院757例消化道恶性肿瘤单纯行化疗的病人为调查对象,运用营养风险筛查2002(NRS 2002)评分表和病人主观整体营养状况评估量表(PG-SGA)进行营养不良分级,对相关影响因素进行分析。结果:757例消化道肿瘤病人中存在营养风险的占35.4%,其中可疑营养不良占19.4%,中度营养不良占54.8%,重度营养不良占25.7%。最近2周体质量变化、有无"无食欲"、"呕吐"、"腹泻"、"疼痛"等症状以及年龄≥65岁是消化道肿瘤化疗病人营养不良的主要影响因素。营养支持现状:87.3%的病人接受营养教育,66.4%接受营养支持,营养支持并发症发生率高。结论:单纯化疗的消化道肿瘤病人营养不良发生率高,化疗后胃肠道不良反应的发生以及营养支持并发症的发生是影响营养状况的主要原因,做好症状管理以及规范营养支持是改善该类病人营养状况的主要方向。     

综合性营养评估法在维持性血液透析患者中的应用

目的对血液透析患者的几项营养指标进行评估。方法对142例维持性血液透析（MHD）患者进行主观综合性营养评估（SGA）、膳食调查、生化参数的测定。结果依据SGA评分,在营养良好、轻中度营养不良及重度营养不良三组间进行以下指标比较：平均每日每公斤体重能量（DEI）和蛋白质摄入（DPI）、血白蛋白（ALb）,均有显著性差异（P〈0.001～0.05）。但营养良好组的DEI和DPI异常率高达46.0%、49.0%,重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在80%以上。血前白蛋白（PA）与血ALb有显著相关（P〈0.01）,与DPI、DEI均无相关。结论SGA是评价MHD患者营养状况的简便方法,但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面指标的补充,如DEI、DPI、血ALb、血PA。