老年慢性肾功能不全患者的营养状况评价

目的应用微型营养评定(MNA)方法来评价住院老年慢性肾功能不全病人的营养状况.方法110例住院老年慢性肾功能不全患者,采用微型营养评定(MNA)问卷调查法进行营养评定,同时结合人体测量、生化检查.结果[1]根据MNA评分营养不良者28例(25.5%);营养不良危险者56例(50.9%);营养良好者26例(23.6%).[2]轻度、中度、重度肾功能损害三组的营养不良及营养不良危险者发生率分别为70.9%、79.0%、100.0%.[3]MNA评价的营养状况结果有效的反映人体测量、生化检查.结论[1]住院老年慢性肾功能不全病人的营养不良发生率较高.[2]微型营养评定(MNA)方法应用在住院老年慢性肾功能不全病人的营养状况评价中是可行的.     

微型营养评定法评价胃肠道肿瘤病人营养状况的应用

目的:应用微型营养评定(MNA)法调查和分析胃肠道肿瘤病人的营养状态,并比较与其他营养评价方法的相关性. 方法:应用MNA法问卷调查、人体测量和实验室检查,对496例胃肠道肿瘤拟手术病人,入院24 h内进行营养评价,研究营养不良的发生率,并比较MNA法与人体测量和实验室检查的相关性. 结果:①MNA法:胃肠道肿瘤病人中营养不良者84例(16.94%),营养不良危险者211例(42.54%),营养良好者201例(40.52%).②人体测量:体质指数(BMI)、肱三头肌皮皱厚度(TSF)、上臂围(AC)和上臂肌围(AMC)等指标,病人的营养不良发生率分别为13.5%、21.9%、15.1%和15.5%.③实验室检查:ALB、PA和总淋巴细胞计数,病人的营养不良发生率分别为14.9%、25.4%和30.8%.④MNA法与BMI、ALB、AC、TSF、AMC、TLC的相关系数在0.18～0.53(P<0.05),有良好的相关性. 结论: ①应用MNA法评价胃肠道肿瘤病人中营养不良和营养不良高危状态的发生率高.②MNA是一种简单、易行、无创性、适合于外科胃肠道肿瘤病人的营养评价方法.     

应用微型营养评价精法评价老年住院病人的营养状况

目的:应用微型营养评价精法(MNA-SF)评价老年住院病人的营养状况,并比较不同营养状况病人间传统营养评价指标的差异。方法:随机抽取753例老年住院病人,采用MNA-SF对其进行营养状况评价,同时测定传统营养指标进行分析。再根据病人牙齿状况进行分组,并对各组营养指标进行比较。结果:老年住院病人营养不良和营养不良风险发生率分别为19.39%和39.71%,营养正常率仅为40.90%。三组病人的体重指数(BMI)、上臂围(AMC)、小腿围(CC)、握力和体力活动水平(ADL)差异均有显著性统计学意义(P0.05);其中营养正常组营养不良风险组营养不良组。义齿组与牙齿正常组病人BMI、CC、AMC、握力、ADL和MNA评分明显高于缺齿组病人(P0.05)。结论:老年住院病人营养不良和营养不良风险的发生率较高,牙齿状况也将对病人营养状态产生影响。     

社区退休居民的营养状况及干预要点

目的 :应用迷你营养评定 (MNA)结合人体测量学方法 ,以评价社区退休居民的营养状况。　方法 :115名上海社区退休居民接受MNA问卷调查和人体测量学检测 ,包括腰围、臀围、身高、体重、体质指数 (BMI)、中臂围、肱三头肌皮皱厚度 (TSF)、中臂肌围等。　结果 :① 2 4名 (2 0 .9% )受试者MNA总分 <2 3.5分 ,属营养不良或营养不良高危人群 ;②应用腰围、腰臀比和BMI评估 ,肥胖检出率分别为 5 3.9%、6 1.7%和 6 5 .2 % ;③根据中臂围、TSF和中臂肌围评估 ,中至重度营养不良的发生率分别为 1.7%、19.1%和 2 .2 % ;④MNA总分与多项人体测量学指标显著相关。　结论 :①社区退休居民中营养过剩和营养低下共存 ,必须加强营养干预 ;②MNA问卷在国人营养状况评价中具有一定的实用价值。     

微型营养评价法评价慢病住院老人的营养状况

[目的]用MNA法调查老年慢性住院患者的营养状况,并比较不同营养状况患者的传统营养评价指标的差异.[方法]随机抽取141例住院的慢性疾病的老年患者,用MNA对其进行营养状况评价,并收集和比较其常用的营养评价参数进行分析.[结果]慢性疾病的老年患者营养不良、营养不良危险的发生率分别为36.88%和26.95%,而营养状况良好的患者只占36.17%;对3种不同营养状况的患者常用营养指标分析后发现:3组患者BMI、ALB、HB、Na 、Ca2 、TLC和K 差异有统计学意义(P<0.01或P<0.05),营养状况好的患者,其BMI、ALB、HB和TLC较高,而TG和TC无明显统计学意义.[结论]慢性疾病老年住院患者营养不良和营养不良危险的发生率较高,营养不良和营养不良危险患者的常用营养评价指标也会下降.     

维持性血液透析病人的营养状况

目的 :评价维持性血液透析 (MHD)病人的营养状况。　方法 :对 4 6例MHD病人进行膳食调查、人体测量及生化指标包括体重、肱三头肌皮皱厚度 (TSF)、上臂肌围 (AMC)、血清总蛋白 (TP)、白蛋白 (Alb)、前白蛋白 (PA)、转铁蛋白 (TF)检测 ,计算实际体重占理想体重百分比 (IBW % ) ,并作营养评价。　结果 :①MHD病人能量摄入普遍低于 12 5 .4kJ/ (kg·d) ,蛋白质摄入基本达到 1.0g/ (kg·d) ;②不同指标评估营养不良的发生率分别为IBW 9.13% ,TSF 71.74 % ,AMC 5 8.70 % ,Alb 30 .4 3% ,TF 82 .6 1%。各项指标均属正常者仅占 6 .5 2 %。　结论 :综合指标评价结果表明 ,本组病人有 93.4 8%存在不同表现和不同程度的营养不良。MHD病人进行常规的营养评价及合理的营养指导对预后有积极意义     

微型营养评定方法在外科老年病人营养状况评价中的应用

目的　调查老年外科病人的营养不良发病率。方法　分别用微型营养评定方法 (MNA)与传统临床评价方法对随机抽取的 133例老年外科择期手术病人 ,入院 1周内进行营养评价。结果　MNA评定外科老年病人营养不良发生率为 4 2 1% ,存在营养不良危险性的有 2 0 3% ,MNA与传统临床评价方法进行比较 ,发现其与之有较高的符合率 (80 % )及良好的线性相关性 (r=0 .72 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论　外科老年病人营养不良发病率高 ,应考虑在围手术期给予恰当的营养支持。MNA是一种简单、易行、无创性、适合于老年病人的营养评价方法     

糖尿病患者的微型营养评价

目的用微型营养评价法（MNA）评价糖尿病（DM）患者的营养状况,了解营养不良的患病率,提出改善营养状况的措施。方法对重庆市新桥医院106例糖尿病患者进行MNA问卷调查,根据MNA评分标准评价糖尿病患者营养状况。结果 MNA问卷调查结果显示糖尿病患者8.5%营养不良,64.2%具有营养不良危险,27.3%营养良好。老年糖尿病患者（年龄≥60岁）有48例,其中有16.7%营养不良,62.5%具有营养不良危险,20.8%营养良好。结论糖尿病营养不良患病率与年龄正相关,心理指导对提高DM患者营养状况有益。     

胃癌病人加速康复外科围手术期护理与体质指数的评价

加速康复外科(FTS)是指采用一系列有循征医学证据的围手术期优化措施,减少手术病人生理和心理的创伤应激,以达到病人快速康复的目的[1].据报道,肿瘤病人营养不良的发生率可达40%～80%,胃癌病人可高达85%.体重和体质指数(BMI)均是评估人体营养状况的重要指标.近期内体重下降是人体处于营养危险状况的灵敏指示,而BMI则是目前国际上通用的营养评估指标[2].本研究通过测定BMI来评价胃癌病人FTS围手术期的营养状况.     

老年住院病人的营养状况评价

目的:应用微型营养评价精法(MNA-SF)评价老年住院病人的营养状况,并比较不同营养状况三组病人间传统营养评价指标的差异. 方法:随机选取234例老年住院病人,采用MNA-SF对其进行营养状况评价,同时测定传统营养指标,并进行分析. 结果:老年住院病人营养不良、营养不良风险的发生率分别为12.39％和46.58％,而营养正常的病人仅占40.03％.对三种不同营养状况病人的传统营养指标分析后发现,三组病人的体重指数(BMI)、上臂围(AMC)、小腿围(CC)、握力、体力活动水平(ADL)、总蛋白(TP)、清蛋白(ALB)和血红蛋白(Hb)等差异均有显著性统计学意义(P＜0.05);三组病人之间两两比较后,BMI、AMC、CC、握力、ADL、ALB均有显著性差异(P＜0.05).营养正常组病人TP和Hb明显高于营养不良组(P＜0.05),但与营养不良风险组之间无显著性差异.营养不良风险组病人Hb也明显高于营养不良组(P＜0.05). 结论:老年住院病人营养不良和营养不良风险的发生率较高,其类型多为蛋白质-热量营养不良.     

综合性营养评估法在维持性血液透析患者中的应用

目的对血液透析患者的几项营养指标进行评估。方法对142例维持性血液透析（MHD）患者进行主观综合性营养评估（SGA）、膳食调查、生化参数的测定。结果依据SGA评分,在营养良好、轻中度营养不良及重度营养不良三组间进行以下指标比较：平均每日每公斤体重能量（DEI）和蛋白质摄入（DPI）、血白蛋白（ALb）,均有显著性差异（P〈0.001～0.05）。但营养良好组的DEI和DPI异常率高达46.0%、49.0%,重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在80%以上。血前白蛋白（PA）与血ALb有显著相关（P〈0.01）,与DPI、DEI均无相关。结论SGA是评价MHD患者营养状况的简便方法,但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面指标的补充,如DEI、DPI、血ALb、血PA。     

Preoperative nutritional evaluation of elderly patients: the Mini Nutritional Assessment as a practical tool

BACKGROUND AND GOAL: Age and malnutrition are each surgical risk factors. Because the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) has been specifically designed for assessing the nutritional status of elderly patients, it can be used for preoperative nutritional evaluation. Therefore, the MNA was included in the preoperative clinical evaluation of patients over 60 years of age to describe their nutritional status. METHODS: Every patient over 60 years of age, scheduled for elective surgery, was seen in anaesthesiology consultation and was submitted to the MNA. The MNA is a clinical score consisting of four additive items: 'Anthropometric assessment' based on BMI, mid-arm and calf circumferences, weight loss; global evaluation; dietetic assessment, and subjective assessment - these last three items being obtained through a specific questionnaire. It requires no biological marker. Awarding to the obtained score, the MNA stratifies patients in the following categories: well-nourished (24 相似文献   

血清瘦素对恶性肿瘤患者营养状况的影响

为探讨瘦素在恶性肿瘤中的作用及作为营养评价指标的价值。检测了325例癌症病人和66例健康人血清瘦素含量以及癌症病人的体质指数（BMI），血液血红蛋白，红细胞计数，血清白蛋白浓度（ALB），血脂和血清脂蛋白水平等。结果显示：全组癌症病人中，23％BMI小于18．5，14％为低ALB血症者；42％发生贫血，17．2％，发生高胆固醇血症，21．4％，发生高甘油三酯血症，肺癌组BMI小于18．5的发生率明显低于胃癌组（P＝0．022），而高血糖及甘油三酯血症发生率明显高于胃癌组（P分别为0．003，0．029），营养不良的癌症患者的血清瘦素含量明显低于营养正常或肥胖患者（P＝0．000），BMI均为18．5－25的相同性别的肺癌，胃癌病人，健康人的血清瘦素水平无显著性差异，BMI，性别和血白蛋白浓度均为影响恶性肿瘤病人的血清瘦素浓度的最显著因素，血清瘦素水平与BMI，性别，血白蛋白显著相关（r=0.599-0.698,P=0.000)，结果表明：癌症病人贫血发生率高；血清瘦素含量反映恶性肿瘤病人的BMI和营养状况的变化，且可作为其营养 状况的判断指标。     

恶性肿瘤病人营养不良评价方法的比较

目的比较营养不良指标：体质指数(BMI)、实际体重与理想体重比(％IBW1)和血清白蛋白浓度(Alb)对恶性肿瘤病人营养不良的诊断意义。探讨《中国成年人体质测定标准指南》的实用价值。     

腹膜透析患者营养指标的评估

目的 :　对腹膜透析患者的一些营养指标进行评估。方法 :　对 90例持续性不卧床腹膜透析 ( CAPD腹透 )患者进行主观综合性营养评估 ( SGA)、膳食调查、直接人体测量、生化参数的测定 ,计算氮出现率相当蛋白 ( n PNA)、瘦体重和 %瘦体重。结果 :　依据 SGA评分 ,在营养良好、轻中度营养不良及重度营养不良三组间进行以下指标比较 :平均每日每公斤体重能量和蛋白质摄入 ( DEI、DPI)、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重 ,均有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 5 )。但营养良好组的 DPI和 DEI异常率 70 .2 1 % ,血白蛋白和 %瘦体重异常率 31 .91 %和 5 1 .0 6% ,而轻中度营养不良组血白蛋白和 %瘦体重正常率为 49.39%和 67.74% ,仅重度营养不良组中各指标异常率均在 80 %以上。直接人体测量指标体重指数、三头肌皮褶厚度和上臂肌围在本组患者中的异常率为 4.44% ,6.67%及 1 3.33%。血前白蛋白、转铁蛋白与白蛋白有显著相关 ( P<0 .0 0 1 ) ,与 DPI、DEI、n PNA及 %瘦体重均无相关。结论 :　SGA是评价腹透患者营养状况的简便方法 ,但还需其它反映营养状况不同侧面的指标的补充 ,如 DEI、DPI、血白蛋白、n PNA、瘦体重及 %瘦体重。其中用肌酐动力学公式计算瘦体重是反映肌肉蛋白质贮存的有效方法。直接人体测?     

Poor nutritional habits are predictors of poor outcome in very old hospitalized patients

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is prevalent in elderly populations. Recommended methods of nutritional screening are often too complicated and time-consuming for routine application in frail, very old, hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to identify risk factors for development of malnutrition in very old hospitalized patients and to evaluate the total Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score and MNA subscores as predictors of in-hospital and long-term mortality. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study of patients aged > or =75 y was conducted in a geriatric hospital. Assessment included demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and cognitive, functional, and nutritional status. Follow-up was conducted for < or =2.7 y. RESULTS: Of the 414 patients studied, only 73 (17.6%) were well-nourished. Low serum albumin and phosphorus concentrations, dementia, and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) were significant risk factors for malnutrition. Survival was significantly lower in malnourished patients and patients at risk of malnutrition than in well-nourished patients (P < 0.0001). Low MNA-3 subscores (dietary habits) were significantly correlated with laboratory indexes of malnutrition and were significantly lower in patients with infections, malignancy, pressure ulcers, dementia, recent orthopedic surgery, and CVA. Multivariate analysis showed that a low MNA-3 score was an independent predictor of mortality; scores <7.5 increased the risk of death 2.05-fold. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malnutrition was high in elderly hospitalized patients. Dietary habits were significant predictors of poor hospitalization outcome. A questionnaire on dietary habits can serve as a useful tool in assessing nutritional status and prognosis in elderly patients.     

Agreement between different versions of MNA

Abstract

Malnutrition occurs frequently in the elderly with important clinical and functional consequences. Moreover, the treatment of malnutrition in the elderly may be effective if clinical and nutritional interventions are performed in the early stages. Therefore the early identification of the risk of malnutrition using validated and handy tools plays a pivotal role in terms of clinical outcome. Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) was validated for this purpose since many years but it is still ongoing the debate over whether the use of different items in certain clinical conditions can be effective without affecting the validity of the nutritional status evaluation. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between different versions of MNA in the evaluation of nutritional risk in elderly subjects.

Methods

522 subjects, 345 women and 177 men, were recruited from nursing homes or were free living in three different regions in Italy. All subjects underwent a multidimensional geriatric evaluation, addressed especially to nutritional status. We compared three different versions of MNA: the “original” version; a “proportional” MNA (MNA-P) in which the total MNA score was replaced by the ratio between the maximum score that each subject could obtain without including the body mass index (BMI) and the total original MNA score; and a third version in which calf circumference (CC) and mid-upper arm circumference (MAC) were used instead of BMI.

Results

According to the original MNA, a high prevalence of malnutrition was found out in both genders (26% of women and 16.3% of men); both the versions of MNA, in which BMI was not considered, showed a good predictive value compared to original MNA. In particular, the MNA-P. showed an overall efficiency equal to 89,1% with specificity and positive predictive value respectively equal to 97.5% and 95.2%. MNA-CC-MAC showed even better results in terms of overall efficiency (91.4%), sensitivity (81.1%), specificity (97.1%), positive and negative predictive values (94.2% and 94.4%, respectively).

Conclusion

The different versions of MNA gave similar results in the classifications of subjects and in comparison with nutritional and biochemical parameters. Moreover MNA versions that did not considered BMI seem to be more effective in singling out subjects with risk factors related to malnutrition (disability, reduced strength and calf circumference, anaemia).     

Preoperative nutritional assessment to predict postoperative complication in gastric cancer patients

The correlation between preoperative nutritional parameters and postoperative complications in 440 patients with gastric cancer were analyzed. All the nutritional parameters reflected a significant deterioration as the stages of cancer progressed, and the frequency of postoperative complications was highest in patients with stage IV gastric cancer. The incidence of anastomotic leaks was increased in patients undergoing total gastrectomy with no relation to the clinical stage or nutritional status. However, there was a close relationship between nutritional status and immunocompetence, lung complications, and infection. The nutritional indices which reliably predicted preoperatively the nutritional status of cancer patients were the serum protein concentrations including the serum albumin (Alb) and prealbumin (PA). The indices predicting postoperative complications were the Alb, PA, and total lymphocyte count. These results suggest that preoperative nutritional assessment can be beneficial for the prediction of postoperative complications.     

利用简易营养评价法调查住院老年人的营养状况

目的 利用简易营养评价法(MNA)评价住院老年人的营养状况，了解MNA与传统营养指标的相关性。方法 利用MNA量表对144名住院老年人进行调查，同时收集人体测量指标、生化指标和其他资料。结果 住院老年人营养不良的患病率为36．1％，潜在营养不良为46．5％，营养正常占17．4％；年龄、牙齿状况和疾病状态是影响老年人营养的重要因素；MNA与多数传统营养指标之间有良好相关性。结论 住院老年人营养不良的患病率高，MNA是一种可靠、快捷、简便的老年人营养状况评价方法。     

The physical functional capacity of frail elderly persons undergoing ambulatory rehabilitation is related to their nutritional status

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of malnutrition in frail elders undergoing rehabilitation and the association between their nutritional status and physical function.Design: Observational study of new participants undergoing ambulatory rehabilitation.Setting: Two Geriatric Day Hospitals (GDH) in Montreal, Quebec.Participants: 121 women and 61 men.Intervention: Evaluation of nutritional status, body composition and physical function.Measurements: The nutritional status was assessed with a composite index based on anthropometric measurements and serum albumin, as well as using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire. Patients were classified as well-nourished, having mild/at risk of malnutrition or malnourished. Body composition was estimated by bioimpedance and handgrip strength and gait speed by standard methods.Results: 13% of patients were found to be mildly malnourished, whereas 6% were malnourished. Malnourished patients were older and had worse cognition, lower BMI, and % body fat (all p<0.05). Malnourished patients and those with mild malnutrition had lower weight, triceps skinfold thickness, muscle and fat mass (all, p<0.003). Handgrip strength was different according to the nutritional status (p=0.034) and correlated with muscle mass (r=0.65, p<0.001). MNA classified 53% of patients as being at risk whereas 3% were malnourished and it correlated with gait speed (r=0.26, p=0.001).Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of patients in GDH at risk or with mild malnutrition. Being malnourished was associated with worse physical performance, which suggests that a nutritional intervention may be of benefit in improving their physical function. This study was supported by the Helen Hutchinson Foundation of the Division of Geriatric Medicine, Research Institute of the Montreal General Hospital