应用允许的高碳酸血症通气疗法治疗19例慢性阻塞性肺疾病

目的：总结应用允许的高碳酸血症通气疗法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（ＣＯＰＤ）患的临床疗效。方法：选择ＣＯＰＤ患１９例,应用小潮气量低气道压呼吸机支持模式治疗,并观察疗效。结果：１９例患均避免了常规高气道压大潮气量所造成的肺损伤,１７例患顺利脱机。结论：应用允许的高碳酸血症机械通气疗法适合于ＣＯＰＤ患,可减少肺损伤并发症,取得满意的临床疗效。     

儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征死亡危险因素的Logistic回归分析

目的 研究ARDS患儿在疾病发展过程中影响预后的危险因素。方法 前瞻性研究，将2005年12月1日～2006年12月31日河北省ARDS协作组患儿给予保护性通气策略等治疗，在治疗过程中不同时间点监测血气分析、电解质、呼吸机参数、生命指征等多方面，最后对所记录数据进行Logistic概率型回归分析。结果 ARDS最重时的二氧化碳分压的OR值为32．949，P=0．027；存活组PaCO2正常，死亡组PaCO2明显升高（48．9178±21．6762／38．3621±13．4960mmHg，t=2．595，P=0．011）。结论 高碳酸血症是ARDS的独立危险因素；小潮气量保护性通气策略治疗并未都出现高碳酸血症。     

小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症治疗足月儿重症胎粪吸入综合征疗效观察

目的探讨小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症治疗足月儿重症胎粪吸入综合征的临床疗效。方法将在我院接受治疗的66例重症胎粪吸入综合征足月儿作为本次研究的研究对象,按照我院的入院编号进行随机分组,实验组和对照组各33例患者,对实验组33例采用小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症治疗,对照组患者则进行常规治疗,对比两个小组不同患儿的血气情况。结果经过治疗之后,实验组患儿的动脉血PH值、PaCO_2、OI以及a/APO2等血气情况明显好于对照组患儿,且氧暴露时间以及机械通气时间也明显低于对照组患儿,P0.05,具有统计学意义。结论在对重症胎粪吸入综合征足月儿的治疗中采用小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症治疗能够有效提高临床治疗效果,降低氧暴露时间和机械通气时间,改善患儿的血气状况,在临床治疗上值得借鉴应用。     

肺保护性通气在治疗创伤性急性肺损伤中的应用

目的研究肺保护性机械通气治疗创伤性急性肺损伤（ALI）的疗效。方法对84例ALI病人采用小潮气量的肺保护性通气策略进行机械通气治疗,潮气量为6-8ml/kg,根据下拐点（Lip）调节最佳呼气末正压（BestPEEP）,观察机械通气前后血气、血流动力学指标以及胸片变化。结果机械通气前后动脉血气分析动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）及PH值差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,胸片有明显变化,血流动力学指标变化差异无统计学意义。结论最佳PEEP和小潮气量的肺保护性通气在治疗创伤性肺损伤中能改善氧合,合理PEEP和允许性高碳酸血症（PHC）对血流动力学指标无明显影响,适合在创伤性急性肺损伤的治疗中应用。     

严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征的挽救性治疗

一、严重急性呼吸窘迫综合征的定义急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）本身即为呼吸系统的急危重症,80%以上ARDS患者需要气管插管和机械通气[1]。如今的标准通气策略是采用小潮气量（6 mL/kg）通气,限制平台压≤30 cm H2O（1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa）,允许高碳酸血症,并加用适当呼气末正压（PEEP）,所谓＂肺保护通气策略＂。采用肺保护通气策略的ARDS患者,若24 h内氧合改善,病情减轻,死亡率为13%～23%[2,3],这些患者可继续应用原来的通气条件。     

成比例辅助机械通气治疗慢阻肺合并高碳酸血症的研究

目的探讨成比例辅助机械通气（PAV）对慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）合并高碳酸血症患者呼吸力学的影响。方法在常规药物治疗的基础上，应用无创成比例辅助机械通气（PAV）治疗COPD合并高碳酸血症患者40例，观察并比较不同模式下动脉血气分析指标（Pa02、PaC02）及呼吸力学变化，包括潮气量（VT）、每分通气量（MV）、呼吸频率（RR）、气道峰压（PUP））和吸气／呼吸周期时间比（Ti/Ttot），并计算平均吸气流速（VT/Ti）。结果COPD合并高碳酸血症患者PAV通气时的RR、PIP和VT/Ti与BiPAP（S/T）相比有显著降低（P〈0．05），Ti/Ttotal明显增加（P〈0．05），MV有所增加，夜间连续通气时间显著延长。结论与BiPAP相比，无创成比例辅助机械通气（PAV）应用于慢性阻塞性肺病并高碳酸血症患者时气道峰压低、吸气，呼吸周期时间比明显增加，通气依存性好。PAV适宜的辅助比例在40％-60％。     

肺保护性通气策略在新生儿机械通气中的应用研究

目的：观察用肺保护性通气策略和呼吸力学监护指导新生儿呼吸衰竭的机械通气,以降低呼吸机相关性肺损伤。方法：回顾性分析我院2008年2月-2010年12月收治入院的30例急性呼吸衰竭的早产儿,随机分为机械通气组（对照组）和保护性机械通气组（观察组）,观察两组治疗前后潮气量（VT）、呼吸道峰压（PIP）、呼气末正压（PEEP）、呼吸频率（RR）及血气分析结果。结果：本研究中两组所有患儿均治愈,顺利撤机。两组患儿治疗后呼吸机参数比较。观察组VT（8．2±0．9）ml／kg、PIP（35．1±3．8）cmH20（1cmH20=0．098kPa）,对照组VT（10．5±0．5）ml／kg、PIP（45．5±3．7）cmH2O,两组VT、PIP比较,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;观察组采用允许性高碳酸血症,平均PaCO2值高于对照组,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）;对照组呼吸机相关性肺损伤（VILI）的发生率为33．33％（5／15）,观察组VILI的发生率为13．33％（2／15）,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：早产儿的保护性机械通气能够有效治愈患儿的呼吸衰竭,而且并发症相对较少。     

小潮气量机械通气对老年人上腹部手术术后肺不张的研究应用

目的：分析小潮气量通气在老年人腹部手术中的应用价值。方法收集接受腹部手术患者80例为本次研究对象，将患者随机分为观察组与对照组，各40例。观察组给予小潮气量机械通气治疗，对照组给予常规潮气量机械通气治疗，对比分析2组患者术后苏醒时间、住院时间及肺不张发生情况。结果观察组术后苏醒时间为（15.11±2.15）min，住院时间为（6.14±1.02）d，对照组术后苏醒时间为（45.38±4.15）min，住院时间为（8.25±1.14）d，2组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；观察组肺不张发生率为5.00%，对照组肺不张发生率为20.00%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论小潮气量通气在老年人腹部手术中的应用价值高，建议在临床上进一步推广。     

小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症治疗足月儿重症胎粪吸入综合征疗效分析

目的探究足月儿重症胎粪吸入综合征采用小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症的治疗效果。方法选取本院2012年2月至2015年4月收治的重症胎粪吸入综合征足月儿作为研究对象,并将选取患儿分为两组,观察组患儿实施小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症治疗,对照组患儿实施传统的大潮气量与保证正常的二氧化碳治疗。结果两组患儿通气1d后,两组患儿在PaO_2与SaO_2的对比差异不显著(P0.05);两组患儿在PH、OI、a/APO_2以及Pa CO_2的对比差异显著(P0.05);观察组患儿的氧暴露时间与机械通气时间明显少于对照组(P0.05)。结论与传统的大潮气量治疗相比,小潮气量通气联合允许性高碳酸血症对月儿重症胎粪吸入综合征的治疗效果显著,可使患儿的血气状况得到有效改善,使氧暴露时间与机械通气时间明显降低,是一种有效的治疗方法,在临床上值得进一步推广与应用。     

双水平气道正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并重度高碳酸血症的初步观察

目的探讨双水平气道正压通气（BiPAP）治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）并重度高碳酸血症的可行性。方法19例AECOPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者分为两组，常规治疗加BiPAP治疗10例（实验组），常规治疗9例（对照组），观察两组患者的临床症状、辅助检查、血气分析结果、疗效等。结果AECOPD并重度高碳酸血症的Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭病情危重患者治疗有效率80．0％，对照组22．2％（P=0．023）。结论正确应用BiPAP治疗AECOPD并重度高碳酸血症患者，能降低病死率，缩短住院时间，是AECOPD并重度高碳酸血症患者的有效治疗方法之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.