化学剂法对兔卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果

目的 研究钙离子载体A23187和6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)及3种酶对兔卵母细胞的激活率,并观察其体外发育情况.方法 兔超排后获得卵母细胞,经脱颗粒处理后用A23187和6-DMAP处理不同时间,体外培养5～7 d,观察细胞发育与囊胚形成情况.结果 钙离子载体A23187激活处理5 min后, 继续在2.0 mmol/L 6-DMAP中分别处理3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0 h,均能激活兔卵母细胞;以处理4.0 h的卵裂率最高(58.82%,20/34),并有15%(3/20)的囊胚发育率.透明质酸酶、胶原酶和胰酶处理20 min后, 均能激活兔卵母细胞,其中透明质酸酶处理20 min的激活率和卵裂率最高,分别为58.33%(28/48)和63.64%(28/44).结论 兔卵母细胞孤雌激活率与激活方法密切相关.化学激活剂的处理时间及消化酶的不同均对兔卵母细胞的激活产生显著影响.     

化学剂法对兔卵母细胞孤雌激活的效果

目的研究钙离子载体A23187和6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)及3种酶对兔卵母细胞的激活率,并观察其体外发育情况。方法兔超排后获得卵母细胞,经脱颗粒处理后用A23187和6-DMAP处理不同时间,体外培养5~7d,观察细胞发育与囊胚形成情况。结果钙离子载体A23187激活处理5min后,继续在2.0mmol/L6-DMAP中分别处理3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0h,均能激活兔卵母细胞;以处理4.0h的卵裂率最高(58.82%,20/34),并有15%(3/20)的囊胚发育率。透明质酸酶、胶原酶和胰酶处理20min后,均能激活兔卵母细胞,其中透明质酸酶处理20min的激活率和卵裂率最高,分别为58.33%(28/48)和63.64%(28/44)。结论兔卵母细胞孤雌激活率与激活方法密切相关。化学激活剂的处理时间及消化酶的不同均对兔卵母细胞的激活产生显著影响。     

小鼠卵母细胞的孤雌激活

目的 探讨一种有效的孤雌激活方法。方法 用乙醇、Ca^2＋载体A23187分别联合6-二甲氨基嘌呤对小鼠卵母细胞进行孤雌激活。结果 7％乙醇卵母细胞活化率、囊胚形成率分别达80.88％、10.29％、;5μmol/L Ca^2＋A23187卵母细胞活率、囊胚形成率分别达86.88％、11.48％。两者差异无显著性。结论 应用乙醇、Ca^2＋载体A23187联合6-二甲氨基嘌呤处理小鼠卵母细胞,均可实现小鼠卵母细胞孤雌发育。     

TLI筛选猪胚胎初次卵裂时间以预测早期胚胎发育

目的 研究猪孤雌激活胚胎初次卵裂时间对早期胚胎发育潜能的影响,以筛选最优胚胎.方法 将猪卵母细胞进行体外成熟培养,孤雌激活后,胚胎采用时差成像系统(TLI)筛选,分为早期卵裂组(<24 h)、中期卵裂组(24～30 h)和晚期卵裂组(30～48 h).各组分开培养至囊胚期,统计比较各组的桑椹胚率和囊胚率,并对囊胚中凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、P53和细胞周期蛋白Cyclin B1、Cdk1、Cdk2的表达水平进行检测.结果 早期卵裂组桑葚胚率、囊胚率高于中期卵裂组(P<0.05)和晚期卵裂组(P<0.01);凋亡相关基因Bax、P53表达在早期卵裂组中显著低于中期和晚期卵裂组(P<0.01),而抗凋亡基因Bcl-2表达则显著高于中期和晚期卵裂组(P<0.01);早期卵裂组细胞周期蛋白Cyclin B1、Cdk1和Cdk2的表达显著高于中期和晚期卵裂组(P<0.05).结论 猪孤雌激活胚胎初次卵裂时间较早的胚胎具有较高的发育潜能,利用TLI确定的初次卵裂时间可作为筛选优质胚胎的重要参数.     

羊卵泡卵母细胞孤雌激活研究

目的卵母细胞孤雌激活是胚胎体外生产的一项重要技术。本试验通过乙醇、离子霉素和6-DMAP不同浓度和不同激活时间的优化组合，提高孤雌激活效果和孤雌胚发育能力。方法与结果试验1，体外成熟的卵母细胞经5M离子霉素或7％的乙醇激活5min，然后在6-DMAP中激活4h，6-DMAP的浓度设置为0．5mM、1．0mM、2．0mM和3．0mM；结果表明，浓度为2．0mM和3．0mM6-DMAP激活的卵母细胞卵裂率（37．50％）显著高于其他各组（P〈0．01）。试验2，体外成熟的卵母细胞经5M离子霉素激活5min，然后在2．0mM6-DMAP中激活1h、3h、5h、7h和9h；结果表明，卵母细胞在6-DMAP中激活5h和7h其囊胚率（12．38％和10．48％）显著高于其他各组（P〈0．01）。结论本研究认为Ionomycin和乙醇为激活剂时，6-DMAP的孵育时间以5h为宜。Ionomycin比乙醇激活效果好，但乙醇与Ionomycin简单便捷。     

老化对卵母细胞孤雌发育和减数分裂期间微管动态变化的影响

目的 研究老化对卵母细胞孤雌激活发育率的影响,以及老化对减数分裂期间微管的动态变化的影响.方法 用孤雌激活的方法来观察不同老化时间胚胎的发育情况;用免疫荧光化学与激光共聚焦显微术结合的方法研究小鼠卵母细胞微管的动态变化.结果 从注射hCG后14h到18h,卵母细胞在体外老化过程中激活率和发育率呈上升趋势,但是差异不显著.体外老化至18h,卵母细胞更容易被激活,并且减数分裂期间微管的变化发生要早于14h.结论 短时间的体外老化可以使细胞更容易被激活,且微管发育更完善.     

卵母细胞人工孤雌激活研究进展

孤雌激活是指处于第二次减数分裂中期卵母细胞不经过雄性配子的作用,而在某些理化因素的刺激下恢复并完成减数分裂,进行有丝分裂发育到胚胎的过程。卵母细胞的激活是以Ca2 为第二信使,成熟促进因子(MPF)、细胞分裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)、细胞静止因子(CSF)等细胞因子灭活综合作用的结果。人工孤雌激活方法包括物理性激活和化学性激活以及联合激活方法,人卵母细胞的孤雌激活多以化学激活为主。孤雌激活的效果与激活方法、卵母细胞的卵龄、来源和培养条件等有关。     

Oct4基因在猪孤雌激活和体外受精早期胚胎中的表达特征

摘 要：[目的]研究植入前胚胎发育重要基因Oct4在猪孤雌和体外受精胚胎中的表达特征。[方法]收集成熟卵母细胞、孤雌和体外受精2细胞、4细胞、8细胞和囊胚，做荧光定量PCR，以成熟卵母细胞做对照分析相对表达量。[结果]孤雌组和体外受精组在8细胞期Oct4表达量均最高（p<0.05），在孤雌和体外受精组囊胚相对于其他时期Oct4表达量最低（p<0.05）。在同一时期孤雌和体外受精Oct4表达并没有差异。[结论]多能性基因Oct4在卵裂发育时期表达量动态变化，孤雌胚胎在一定程度上可作为体外胚胎基因表达的模型，且不同的胚胎培养条件可能导致基因表达的不同。     

人外周血来源的成熟树突状细胞的体外无血清培养

目的探讨无血清条件下健康人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）快速诱导生成成熟树突状细胞（dendritic cell,DC）的体外培养方法。方法分离获取健康者外周血PBMC,将细胞分为血清组和无血清组：设血清组A组为对照组,B、C、D组为无血清组。A组加入10%FCS的RPMI1640完全培养液,B组加入单核/巨噬细胞无血清培养液MΦ-SFM,两组均加入rhGM-CSF＋IL-4＋rhTNF-α培养9d;C组加入钙离子载体（CI）A23187,D组加入rhGM-CSF＋A23187,两组细胞均培养于MΦ-SFM中48h。于倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,流式细胞术分析细胞表型,MTT比色法检测各组细胞刺激同种异体T淋巴细胞增殖的能力。结果在无血清条件下,单独给予A23187或A23187＋rhGM-CSF联合刺激48h,均可诱导PBMC分化成具有典型形态的DC;与血清组细胞相比,细胞表面标志CD80、CD86和CD83分子具有相似的高表达（P〉0.05）,对同种异体T淋巴细胞的刺激能力无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论在无血清培养条件下配合使用钙离子载体A23187,可以更快速、有效地诱导健康人PBMC分化成更成熟、功能更强的DC。     

用全染色体涂抹探针进行卵母细胞第一极体荧光原位杂交

 【目的】建立用全染色体涂抹探针（WCP）对卵子第一极体进行荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测染色体的方法。【方法】收集单精子卵胞浆内注射（ICSI）中不成熟卵母细胞经体外培养成熟和常规试管婴儿（IVF）中未能成功受精的成熟卵母细胞，活检第一极体，固定后行13、14号染色体的全染色体涂抹探针荧光原位杂交。活检后，一部分卵母细胞固定行FISH以分析卵子自身的13、14号染色体，其余行ICSI受精，观察受精和卵裂情况。【结果】共获得成熟母细胞93个，成功活检85个，成功固定78个，共29个第一极体处于分裂中期，均有FISH结果。卵母细胞体外培养成熟后立即取极体进行固定，90．5％（19／21）的极体处于分裂中期，而取卵后30-48h和72h后活检的第一极体处于分裂中期的比例分别为27．3％（6／22）和11．4％（4／35），3组相比有统计学差异（P〈0．01）。11个卵母细胞同时获得了极体和相对应卵细胞的FISH结果，其中10个极体和相对应的卵细胞分别有1条13，14号染色体，剩余1个卵母细胞的极体有2条14号染色体和1条13号染色体，相对应的卵细胞仅有1条13号染色体，二者互补。活检后行ICSI受精的卵母细胞受精率为78．6％（11／14），优质胚胎率45．5％（5／11）。【结论】全染色体涂抹探针对卵子第一极体进行遗传分析可以有效、准确地推测相对应卵母细胞的染色体构成，从而应用于女性染色体易位患者的植入前遗传诊断。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.