HPLC同时测定苦参药材中5种生物碱含量

目的使用高效液相色谱法测定不同产地苦参药材中槐果碱、苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、槐定碱、氧化苦参碱的含量。方法使用Agilent ZORBAX NH2(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-无水乙醇-3%磷酸溶液(84∶10∶6),流速为1 mL/min,检测波长为210 nm。结果槐果碱在0.02288～0.1144μg(r＝0.9997)、苦参碱在0.0832～0.4160μg(r＝0.9997)、氧化槐果碱在0.3762～1.8360μg(r＝0.9998)、槐定碱在0.1044～0.522μg(r＝0.9992)、氧化苦参碱在0.4912～2.456μg(r＝0.9999)范围呈良好的线性关系,加样回收率分别为101.63%(RSD＝2.08%)、98.29%(RSD＝1.87%)、101.89%(RSD＝1.97%)、99.87%(RSD＝2.06%)、102.66%(RSD＝1.34%)。结论该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于苦参药材的质量控制。     

HPLC法同时测定苦刺花中苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的含量

目的:建立同时测定苦刺花中苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱、氧化苦参碱含量的HPLC测定法。方法:色谱柱为ZORBAX-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以甲醇(A)-0.4mol·L-1磷酸水(B)(1:9)为流动相,检测波长220nm,流速1mL·min-1,柱温30oC。结果:在线性范围内4个对照品的标准曲线呈良好的线性关系(r>0.9998)。平均回收率分别为101.18%,101.09%,98.72%,98.47%。结论:可通过HPLC法同时测定苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的含量,并可用该方法进行药材的质量控制。     

HPLC同时测定苦参不同年份、不同部位中3个生物碱的含量

目的:采用高效液相色谱法测定苦参不同年份、不同部位药材中槐果碱、槐定碱和氧化苦参碱的含量。方法:采用EliteHypersilNH2色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-无水乙醇-3%磷酸溶液(82∶10∶8),流速:1mL/min,检测波长:220nm,柱温:26℃,进样量:5μL。结果:槐果碱、槐定碱、氧化苦参碱的线性范围分别为0.00499～0.1497μg(r=0.9999),0.02508～0.75225μg(r=0.9999),0.07538～2.26125μg(r=0.9999);回收率分别为99.91%,99.26%,100.27%,RSD分别为1.11%,0.82%,2.18%。结论:该方法精密度、重现性和分离效果好,苦参不同年份、不同部位中3种生物碱成分含量存在明显差异。研究结果对苦参药材质量评价及苦参全草的有效开发利用具有重要的参考价值。     

HPLC同时测定苦豆子中槐定碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的含量

目的：建立同时测定苦豆子中槐定碱、氧化槐果碱及氧化苦参碱含量的HPLC测定法。方法：色谱柱为Phenomenex Gemini C₁₈(46 mm×250 mm,5 μm),以甲醇(A)-02%磷酸水(B)为流动相,检测波长205 nm,流速1 mL·min^-1,柱温30 ℃。结果：在线性范围内3个对照品的标准曲线呈良好的线性关系(r≥0999 7)。平均回收率分别为1000%,970%,970%。结论：可通过HPLC同时测定苦豆子中槐定碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的含量,并可用该方法进行苦豆子药材的质量控制。     

反相高效液相色谱同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的含量

目的 :建立同时测定苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的 HPL C方法。方法 :用 VP-ODS150 mm× 4.6mm,5μm色谱柱 ,柱温 50℃ ,以甲醇 -水 -三乙胺 (55∶ 45∶ 0 .2 )为流动相 ,紫外检测波长 2 15nm,流速 0 .8ml/ min。结果 :在所确立的色谱条件下 4种生物碱得到很好地分离 ,标准曲线显示在 0 .1～ 0 .7μg范围内具有良好的线性关系 ,平均回收率为98.5%～ 10 1.0 %。结论 :该方法简便、快速、准确 ,可用于生药及制剂中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱和槐胺碱的同时测定     

苦参总碱注射液的药动学的研究

目的　建立了兔血浆中苦参类生物碱的毛细管电泳分离测定法。方法　在血浆中加入内标西咪替丁后 ,用甲醇进行蛋白沉淀 ,高速离心后 ,直接进样测定。运行缓冲液为 0 .2mol·L-1Tris 4 0mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钠溶液 2 0 %异丙醇 ,用磷酸调pH至 5 .5 ,检测波长为 2 0 5nm。 结果　本测定方法的提取回率为 94 .6 4 %～ 98.78% ,对血浆中氧化槐果碱的最低检测浓度为 0 .2 μg·L-1,氧化苦参碱的最低检测浓度为 1.0 μg·L-1,氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的线性范围分别为 0 .4 1～ 72 .5 μg·L-1和 1.95～ 2 6 8.5 μg·L-1,相关系数分别为 0 .9992和 0 .9994。兔静注 10 0mg·kg-1苦参总碱注射液后 ,用本法测定了兔血浆中氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的浓度经时变化过程 ,并对其药动学参数进行估算。结论　用本法同时测定兔血浆中的氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱 ,结果满意 ,氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱在体内符合开放式二室模型     

复方苦参注射液中4种生物碱在大鼠体内组织分布研究

目的:建立LC-MS法测定大鼠血浆和其他组织中苦参碱、氧化苦参碱、槐果碱、氧化槐果碱的浓度,研究复方苦参注射液在大鼠体内心、肝、脾、肺、肾等12个脏器组织的分布。方法:在血浆和组织样品中加入内标,用氯仿提取,以甲醇:10 mmolNH4Ac-0.02%HCOOH-水=90:10(v:v);CN柱分离,LC-MS法检测健康大鼠给予复方苦参注射液后3个时间点(15min、1h、4h)的血浆及组织样品中4种生物碱的浓度。结果:在给药后3个时间点,苦参碱和槐果碱在各组织中的分布量依次为:肝>肾/脾>肌肉/肠>肺/胃>心/脑>脂肪/子宫>睾丸;氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱在各组织中的分布量依次为:肾/肺>肌肉>肠/胃>心/脾>子宫>脂肪/睾丸>脑/肝;随着时间的推移,苦参碱和槐果碱浓度下降速度明显缓于氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱;苦参碱和槐果碱在肝脏分布最多,而氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱在肝脏分布最低。结论:复方苦参注射液4种生物碱在组织脏器中的分布,氧化态和非氧化态存在较大差异,尤其在肝脏,氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱浓度很低,而苦参碱、槐果碱浓度很高;而且在各组织中苦参碱和槐果碱的浓度显著高于氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱,与血浆中的分布相反,说明苦参碱和槐果碱相对于氧化苦参碱和氧化槐果碱而言主要分布于组织脏器中。     

六种苦豆子生物碱对炎症介质白三烯的影响

目的：研究苦参碱(matrine MT)、氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine OMT)、槐果碱(sophocarpine SC)、氧化槐果碱(oxysophocarpine OSC)、槐定碱(sophoridine SRI)、氧化槐定碱(oxysophoridine OSRI)6种苦豆子类生物碱对炎症介质白三烯巴和白三烯134的影响，来研究其抗炎作用机制。方法：以大鼠腹腔白细胞为材料，采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定白细胞内白三烯C4和白三烯B4水平。结果：SRI对LTC4的生物合成影响很小，但对LTB4的生物合成有明显的抑制作用。其余5种生物碱对LTC4和LTB4的生物合成均有明显的抑制作用，且有良好的剂量-效应关系。结论：6种苦豆子生物碱对白三烯(LTC4和LTB4)的生物合成均具有不同程度的抑制作用，这可能是它们抗炎作用的机制之一。     

高效液相色谱法测定苦参素胶囊中氧化苦参碱及有关物质的含量

目的:测定苦参素胶囊中氧化苦参碱的含量与氧化槐果碱等有关物质的量.方法:采用HPLC法,色谱柱为C18柱,流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液-甲醇(85:15),检测波长为210 nm.结果:氧化苦参碱线性范围为6.952～20.856μg/ml(r=0.9999),氧化槐果碱线性范围为0.1837～0.5510μg/ml(r=0.9997).结论:所用方法简便、快速、准确、专属性好.     

RP-HPLC法测定苦豆子总碱中苦参碱与氧化苦参碱、槐果碱与氧化槐果碱含量

目的:建立测定苦豆子总碱中氧化型生物碱与还原型生物碱含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法:采用C18键合硅胶反相柱,以乙腈-0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钾水溶液(三乙胺2.0 m L/L)为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长205 nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0 m L/min。结果:氧化苦参碱、氧化槐果碱、苦参碱、槐果碱分离良好,氧化苦参碱平均回收率为99.10%,RSD为1.15%;苦参碱平均回收率为98.76%,RSD为1.64%;氧化槐果碱平均回收率为100.12%,RSD为1.86%;槐果碱平均回收率为98.35%,RSD为2.01%。结论:所建立的测定苦豆子总碱中氧化型与还原型生物碱含量方法专属性强,灵敏度高,能有效控制苦豆子总碱质量。     

Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims.

Aim of the study

The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs.

Materials and methods

Thirty-six Dorper × Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5 mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks.

Results

Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P > 0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment.

Conclusions

Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.     

真菌的中药干预研究近5年进展

近年来真菌感染率逐年上升,传统抗真菌药物易产生耐药性,而中药在防治真菌感染方面具有一定的优势。本文就近5年来中药对白念珠菌、皮肤癣菌、曲霉菌、马拉色菌、串珠镰孢菌、申克孢子丝菌、新生隐球菌及真菌生物膜的干预研究进展进行综述。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of selected Philippine plants

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Antidesma bunius Spreng. (Phyllantaceae), Averrhoa bilimbi L. (Oxalidaceae), Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. (Oxalidaceae), Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob. (Rhizophoraceae), Kyllinga monocephala Rottb. (Cyperaceae), and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. (Rhizophoraceae) are used as remedies to control diabetes. In the present study, these plants were screened for their potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Materials and methods

The 80% aqueous ethanolic extracts were screened for their α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity using yeast alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Results

Except for A. bilimbi with IC₅₀ at 519.86±3.07, all manifested a significant enzyme inhibitory activity. R. mucronata manifested the highest activity with IC₅₀ at 0.08±1.82 μg mL⁻¹, followed by C. tagal with IC₅₀ at 0.85±1.46 μg mL⁻¹ and B. sensitivum with IC₅₀ at 2.24±1.58 μg mL⁻¹.

Conclusion

This is the first report on the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of the six Philippine plants; thus, partly defining the mechanism on why these medicinal plants possess antidiabetic properties.     

Investigation of plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts

Aim of the study

To investigate the activities of the 217 plant extracts in traditional medicine of the Brazilian Cerrado against protozoans and yeasts.

Materials and methods

Plant extracts were prepared by the method of maceration using solvents of different polarities. The growth inhibition of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain (FcB1) was determined by measuring the radioactivity of the tritiated hypoxanthine incorporated. Activity against Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Trypanosoma cruzi was measured by the MTT colorimetric assay. The antifungal tests were carried out by using the CLSI method. The active extracts were tested also by cytotoxicity assay using NIH-3T3 cells of mammalian fibroblasts.

Results

Two hundred and seventeen extracts of plants were tested against Plasmodium falciparum. The eleven active extracts, belonging to eight plant species were evaluated against L. (L.) chagasi, Trypanosoma cruzi, yeasts and in NIH-3T3 cells. The results found in these biological models are consistent with the ethnopharmacological data of these plants. The ethyl acetate extract of Diospyros hispida root showed IC₅₀ values of 1 μg/mL against Plasmodium falciparum. This extract demonstrated no toxicity against mammalian cells, resulting in a significant selectivity index (SI) of 435.8. The dichloromethane extract of Calophyllum brasiliense root wood was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 1.95 μg/mL; and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Candida krusei LMGO 174, both with MIC of 7.81 μg/mL. The same extract was also active against Plasmodium falciparum and L. (L.) chagasi with IC₅₀ of 6.7 and 27.6 μg/mL respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of Spiranthera odoratissima leaves was active against Cryptococcus gattii LMGO 01 with MIC of 31.25 μg/mL, and against Plasmodium falciparum with IC₅₀ of 9.2 μg/mL and Trypanosoma cruzi with IC₅₀ of 56.3 μg/mL.

Conclusion

The active extracts for protozoans and human pathogenic yeasts are considered promising to continue the search for the identification and development of leading compounds.     

European medicinal polypores – A modern view on traditional uses

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In particular five polypore species, i.e. Laetiporus sulphureus, Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola, Piptoporus betulinus, and Laricifomes officinalis, have been widely used in central European folk medicines for the treatment of various diseases, e.g. dysmenorrhoea, haemorrhoids, bladder disorders, pyretic diseases, treatment of coughs, cancer, and rheumatism. Prehistoric artefacts going back to over 5000 years underline the long tradition of using polypores for various applications ranging from food or tinder material to medicinal–spiritual uses as witnessed by two polypore species found among items of Ötzi, the Iceman. The present paper reviews the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity of the five mentioned polypores.

Materials and methods

All available information on the selected polypore taxa used in traditional folk medicine was collected through evaluation of literature in libraries and searches in online databases using SciFinder and Web of Knowledge.

Results

Mycochemical studies report the presence of many primary (e.g. polysaccharides) and secondary metabolites (e.g. triterpenes). Crude extracts and isolated compounds show a wide spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions

The investigated polypores possess a longstanding ethnomycological tradition in Europe. Here, we compile biological results which highlight their therapeutic value. Moreover, this work provides a solid base for further investigations on a molecular level, both compound- and target-wise.     

厚朴与凹叶厚朴群体遗传学研究

目的:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴的群体遗传学进行研究,为中药厚朴的质量控制提供分子生药学方面的依据。方法:对厚朴与凹叶厚朴15个居群应用2个叶绿体基因间序列psbA-trnH和trnL-trnF进行PCR扩增并测序,计算厚朴与凹叶厚朴单倍型频率,用程序HaploNst分析遗传多样性和遗传结构,应用TCS version 1.13软件构建单倍型网状进化树。结果:厚朴与凹叶厚朴均无特有单倍型存在,但单倍型频率存在显著差异,已开始出现遗传分化的趋势,NST略大于GST。结论:厚朴与凹叶厚朴在遗传上已出现遗传分化的趋势,但尚未完全分化成彼此独立的单系。     

Antiplasmodial activity of extracts from seven medicinal plants used in malaria treatment in Cameroon

Aim of the study

In a search for new plant-derived biologically active compounds against malaria parasites, we have carried out an ethnopharmacological study to evaluate the susceptibility of cultured Plasmodium falciparum to extracts and fractions from seven Cameroonian medicinal plants used in malaria treatment. We have also explored the inhibition of the Plasmodium falciparum cysteine protease Falcipain-2.

Materials and methods

Plant materials were extracted by maceration in organic solvents, and subsequently partitioned or fractionated to afford test fractions. The susceptibility of erythrocytes and the W2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum to plant extracts was evaluated in culture. In addition, the ability of annonaceous extracts to inhibit recombinant cysteine protease Falcipain-2 was also assessed.

Results and discussion

The extracts showed no toxicity against erythrocytes. The majority of plant extracts were highly active against Plasmodium falciparumin vitro, with IC₅₀ values lower than 5 μg/ml. Annonaceous extracts (acetogenin-rich fractions and interface precipitates) exhibited the highest potency. Some of these extracts exhibited modest inhibition of Falcipain-2.

Conclusion

These results support continued investigation of components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents.     

Screening of the topical anti-inflammatory activity of the bark of Acacia cornigera Willdenow, Byrsonima crassifolia Kunth, Sweetia panamensis Yakovlev and the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Hitchcock

Ethnopharmacological relevance

An investigation of topical anti-inflammatory activity was undertaken on plants used in Central America traditional medicine.

Aim of study

Four herbal drugs used in the folk medicine of Central America to treat inflammatory skin affections (Acacia cornigera bark, Byrsonima crassifolia bark, Sphagneticola trilobata leaves and Sweetia panamensis bark) were evaluated for their topical anti-inflammatory activity.

Materials and methods

Petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol extracts were obtained for herbal medicines and then extracts were tested on Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis model in mice.

Results

Almost all the extracts reduced the Croton oil-induced ear dermatitis in mice and the chloroform ones showed the highest activity, with ID₅₀ (dose giving 50% oedema inhibition) values ranging from 112 μg/cm² (Byrsonima crassifolia) to 183 μg/cm² (Sphagneticola trilobata). As reference, ID₅₀ of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin was 93 μg/cm².

Conclusions

Lipophilic extracts from these species can be regarded as potential sources of anti-inflammatory principles.     

金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因克隆和生物信息学分析

目的:克隆金银花类药用植物4-二磷酸胞苷-2-C-甲基赤藓糖激酶(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase,IspE)和4-羟基-3-甲基-2-邻苯基二磷酸还原酶(4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate reductase,IspH)基因,并对其基因序列、蛋白特性和转录活性进行分析、比较.方法:从忍冬Lonicera japonica转录组测序结果中分析获得了IspE,IspH基因.分别以忍冬、红白忍冬L.japonica var.chinensis、红腺忍冬L.hypoglauca和水忍冬L.dasystyla新鲜花蕾为材料,利用RT-PCR技术克隆获得了4种金银花类药用植物IspE和IspH基因的全长cDNA.运用生物信息学分析软件,预测编码蛋白的结构和功能,并通过RT-PCR检测IspE和IspH在忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬、水忍冬花蕾中的转录情况.结果:金银花类药用植物IspE基因含有1个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 221 bp,编码406个氨基酸;IspH含有一个完整的开放阅读框,长度为1 380 bp,编码459个氨基酸.IspE和IspH均为非分泌蛋白,均定位于叶绿体中.RT-PCR分析结果表明在忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬的花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平没有显著差异,但红白忍冬花蕾中IspE,IspH基因的转录水平均显著高于忍冬.结论:克隆获得忍冬、红白忍冬、红腺忍冬和水忍冬中IspE,IspH基因,并证实了其在不同金银花类药用植物中的表达,为进一步研究IspE,IspH基因对萜类化合物生物合成和花香气以及颜色的影响奠定了基础.     

中国石斛属植物文献计量研究

石斛是珍稀濒危中药材,目前正处于快速发展阶段。为全面了解我国石斛属植物研究的历史和发展现状,作者以1954～2010年"中国知网中国学术期刊网络出版总库"收录的石斛研究文献为依据,采用文献计量学的原理和方法,对我国石斛属植物研究文献从文献年代分布、期刊分布与被引频率、主题分布、研究对象分布、作者与研究机构分布等方面进行了统计与分析。结果表明,我国石斛研究明显分为起步(2个)、停滞、平稳发展、快速上升5个阶段;期刊分布存在离散性与集中性并存的现象,已形成核心期刊研究群,并以《中国中药杂志》、《中草药》和《陕西中医》为代表;研究主题广泛涉及临床与药理、组织培养与种苗繁育、成分分析等多个领域,已经形成比较稳定的研究机构和团队,但研究对象差异显著,以铁皮石斛、金钗石斛和霍山石斛最为集中。我国石斛属植物的研究已取得显著成果,但种植产业发展缓慢,供需矛盾突出,预计种苗繁育与人工种植、产品开发、化学与药理等方面是未来的研究热点,其文献报道仍将进一步上升。