复方人参制剂对热应激大鼠的保护作用研究

目的观察复方人参制剂对热应激鼠的保护作用。方法34只SD大鼠被随机分为对照组（Ⅰ组,n＝17）、复方人参制剂组（Ⅱ组,n＝17）。热应激前1h分别以水及复方人参制剂(0.5ml／100g体重)灌胃。动物于人工气候室内受热直至死亡。测定直肠温度、下丘脑hsp70含量等指标。结果(1)体温的变化Ⅱ组动物热应激过程肛温各时点的测定值均较对照组低,其中热至40min时低0.18℃,热至60min、80min、100min时则分别低0.56℃、0.70℃、0.71℃（P＜0.05）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组肛温的平均上升速率分别为（0.044±0.022）℃／min、(0.029±0.015)℃／min（P＜0.05）。(2)动物热耐受时间和死亡率Ⅰ、Ⅱ组动物的平均热耐受时间分别为(162.8±62.9)min、(217.4±59.3)min,后者比前者延长54.6min（P＜0.05）;其动物死亡率,在热暴露2小时、3小时、4小时时Ⅰ组分别为41.2%、52.9%和82.4%,Ⅱ组则分别为11.8%、23.5%和52.9%,P值均小于0.05。(3)下丘脑hsp70含量的变化Ⅰ、Ⅱ组动物分别热暴露至死亡时,其下丘脑hsp70的含量为(47.72±19.03)μg／mg、(54.32±18.54)μg／mg（P＜0.05）,且hsp70含量与动物的热耐受时间呈高度正相关（r＝0.7074,P＜0.001）。结论复合人参制剂具潜在的预防性的抗热损伤功能。     

医疗体操与放松疗法对心理应激负荷的影响

目的 观察自行设计的医疗体操与放松疗法对降低官兵心理应激负荷的效果,为心理干预提供行之有效的措施。方法 随机抽取某步兵连60名身体健康的官兵,分成观察组和对照组,每组30名;观察组做操,对照组不做操;两组均通过军事400 m障碍比赛以唤醒心理应激后,同时测定官兵的心率、血压等生理指标;并抽血检查血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)和胰高血糖素(GLU)3项生化指标。结果 观察组的心率、收缩压和舒张压分别为(69±5.13)b·min-1、(15.8±1.54)kPa和(9.9±0.78)kPa,低于对照组的(73±5.12)b·min-1、(17.3±1.57)kPa和(10.6±0.79)kPa,差异显著(P<0.05);观察组血浆ACTH、AngⅡ、GLU浓度分别为(31.3±5.76)pg·mL-1、(52.8±16.3)pg·mL-1和(125.3±30.2)pg·mL-1,低于对照组的(36.6±5.84)pg·mL-1、(73.5±25.3)pg·mL-1和(158.6±42.5)pg·mL-1,差异非常显著(P<0.01)。结论自行设计的医疗体操与放松疗法能够适当降低官兵的应激负荷,对官兵应激后的紧张心理具有一定的改善作用。     

刺五加复方口服液提高冷习服能力的研究

目的研究刺五加复方口服液对提高冷习服能力的作用,为应用药物提高冷习服能力提供依据.方法Wistar大鼠,在0±2℃饲养,每天灌胃刺五加复方口服液2 ml·只-1,分别灌胃1、7、14、21 d,在不同的时间点断头取血,进行各项指标的测定.人员观察对象为寒区某部战士,分为服药组和对照组,在冬季参加室外训练,每天6 h连续20 d为冷暴露条件,当时室外平均气温为-18.6℃,观察期间,服药组每天服用刺五加复方口服液40 ml,2次·d,在服药第10、20 d抽血检测各项指标.结果大鼠冷暴露给药组的各项指标在某些时间点上均较单纯冷暴露组有明显的变化;而在人员观察给药组尿中香草基扁桃酸(VMA)、寒冷血管反应指数(VRCI)在服药后第10、20 d明显高于对照组,而且抗疲劳指数和血乳酸在服药20 d后比对照组有明显的变化;血液流变学指标则无明显改变.结论结果提示刺五加复方口服液能增强冷暴露机体的能量代谢,增加超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性,改善机体局部微循环功能,并有一定的抗疲劳作用.     

水解酪蛋白肽粉复方对高血压大鼠的降血压作用及机制研究

目的探讨水解酪蛋白肽粉(CH)复方的降血压药理作用及30天喂养试验毒性结果。方法选取16只SD大鼠和56只原发性高血压大鼠(SHR)参加功效试验,将SD大鼠分为空白对照组和正常给药组各8只,分别给予蒸馏水、复方样品液;取SHR大鼠按血压及体质量随机分为模型对照组,牛黄降压胶囊组,CH复方低、中、高剂量组(简称复方低、中、高剂量组),CH组和中药组,每组8只,灌胃给药,每天1次,连续30d。选取20只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组和复方药物组,每组10只,分别给予蒸馏水、复方样品液,每天给药1次,喂养30d。记录大鼠收缩压、舒张压、心率,并对血清中一氧化氮(NO)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、内皮素-1(ET-1)等指标进行检测。结果给药30d后,牛黄降压胶囊组、复方低剂量组、复方中剂量组、复方高剂量组、CH组和中药组大鼠收缩压和舒张压均明显低于模型对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);复方中剂量组大鼠的收缩压和舒张压明显低于CH组与中药组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。各组大鼠给药前与给药30d后心率比较,差异均无统计学意义。给药30d后,牛黄降压胶囊组、复方低剂量组、复方中剂量组、复方高剂量组、CH组及中药组大鼠血清AngⅡ,NO和ET-1水平与模型对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。复方中剂量组大鼠血清AngⅡ水平明显低于中药组,NO水平明显高于CH组,ET-1水平明显低于CH组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。30天喂养试验结果显示,复方药物组和空白对照组大鼠一般体征无明显差异,在喂养7d,14d,21d及30d时的体质量比较,差异无统计学意义。复方药物组和空白对照组大鼠主要脏器大小及形态未见明显异常,肝、肾、脾和睾丸脏器系数比较,差异无统计学意义。复方药物组大鼠总蛋白(TP)水平明显高于空白对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),其余各项血液生化指标与空白对照组比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论 CH复方具有降血压作用,其作用优于复方各单一组分;30d喂养未发现明显毒性反应。     

甘氨酸对热暴露大鼠的保护作用研究

目的观察抗内毒素药物甘氨酸在中暑内毒素血症发病过程中所起到的作用.方法将24只受试大鼠随机分为3组,每组8只,两个热暴露组分别于受热前给予甘氨酸(G)和生理盐水(NS),常温对照组(NC)暴露于室温.结果(1)热休克发生时间G组88.3±3.5min,NS组79.5±4.2min;存活时间(热休克发生至死亡时间)G组35.5±4.4min,NS组为18.0±4.5min.组间比较有显著差异(P＜0.01).(2)动物受试80min后肛温、心率,平均动脉压分别为G组42.5±0.4℃、459±9.9beats/min、11.5±0.8kPa;NS组43.1±0.4℃、483.3±9.4beats/min、9.3±0.8kPa;NC组37.1±0.3℃、360.8±10.6beats/nin、13.5±1.3kPa.不同组别对比差异显著(P＜0.05).结论G在抗动物热暴露所致的内毒素血症中起到了相当明显的作用.     

半饥饿状态下复合电解质维生素对实验性热应激的干预作用

目的探讨半饥饿状态下补充复合电解质维生素对实验性热应激的干预作用.方法采用小鼠、大鼠进行二周或三周半饥饿热暴露试验,复合电解质维生素以饮料形式作为干预,以饮水作为对照,观察死亡情况以及外周血电解质浓度、丙二醛水平、SOD与GSHPx活性和内毒素水平的变化.结果干预组半饥饿动物热暴露后的死亡率都显著低于对照组.小鼠对照组、干预组热暴露后的死亡率分别为75.0%和33.3%(P＜0.01),大鼠分别为71.4%和12.5%(P＜0.01);复合电解质维生素对大鼠血电解质浓度、MDA水平、GSHPx活性和内毒素水平也有干预作用,对照组、干预组热暴露后血钾离子浓度分别为(5.7±0.3)和(6.3±0.4)mmol@L-1(P＜0.05),镁离子浓度分别为(1.5±0.2)和(1.7±0.1)mmol@L-1(P＜0.05),磷离子浓度分别为(2.7±0.2)和(3.0±0.3)mmol@L-1(P＜0.05);大鼠对照组、干预组热暴露后血MDA水平分别为(45.37±14.13)、(33.90±5.54)mmol@L-1(P＜0.05),GSHPx活性分别为(180.32±5.75)和(189.67±3.45)mmol@L-1(P＜0.05),内毒素分别为(35.8±3.4)和(31.8±2.0)×10-3 U@ml-1(P＜0.05).结论半饥饿状态下补充电解质维生素具有显著的抗热应激作用.     

几种药物对提高高原部队战士体力作业效率的效果观察

目的 :研究并筛选提高高原部队战士体力作业效率的药物。方法 :在海拔 370 0m将已习服半年的 4 0名士兵随机分为 4组 ,每组 10人 ,用踏车式心脏功量机让受试者做坐位踏车运动。初始负荷为 2 5W ,每 3min递增 5 0W ,递增至 2 2 5W 3min时踏车终止。记录初始负荷和每次负荷递增后 2 .5min时的血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )和运动心率 ,踏车终止后第 1、2、3、4、5min时的恢复心率 ,计算其平均值。然后 3组受试者分别口服酪氨酸 ,乙酰唑胺 ,依那普利加硝苯地平 ,对照组给予炒面胶囊 ,均每天 2次 ,连服 15d。在服药第 10天、第 15天、停药第 10天、第 2 0天时重复上述运动实验。结果 :服药第 10天酪氨酸组SaO2 为 (85 .8± 1.8) % ,高于依那普利组 (83.7±1.6 ) %和对照组 (83.3± 0 .9) % ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。服药第 15天酪氨酸组和乙酰唑胺组SaO2 分别为 (86 .0± 1.8) %和 (86 .4± 1.7) % ,均高于对照组 (83.2± 1.6 ) %的水平 ,运动心率分别为 (132 .6± 11.3)b·min- 1和 (133.1± 3.7)b·min- 1,均低于对照组 (14 5 .7± 6 .4 )b·min- 1,有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;依那普利组SaO2 高于对照组 ,运动心率低于对照组 ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;酪氨酸组恢复心率低于对照组 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5     

长波脉冲电磁场对作业人员血流动力学参数的影响

目的 :　研究长波脉冲电磁场对作业人员健康的影响 ,为制订防护措施提供依据。方法 :受试者为 71名海军指战员 ,分为暴露组 (4 1人 )和对照组 (30人 )。以脉图法研究了某导航台长波脉冲电磁场对两组人员血流动力学参数的影响。结果 :暴露组的脉率 (P)为 (71.4±12 .4 )b·min- 1、微循环半更新率 (ALK)为 0 .0 4 6± 0 .0 11、心肌氧耗指数 (HOI)为 1683± 4 75 ,均分别较对照组的 (81.6± 10 .5 )b·min- 1、0 .0 5 4± 0 .0 0 7、195 9± 368非常显著降低 (P <0 .0 1)。此外 ,暴露组的平均收缩压为 (13.5 3± 1.5 9)kPa、平均舒张压为 (10 .5 9± 1.36)kPa、平均动脉压为(12 .0 8± 1.4 5 )kPa、主动脉排空系数 (BK)为 (0 .2 0 8± 0 .0 63)、左心有效泵力指数 (VPeI)为 (799±192 )N·min- 1·m- 2 也分别较对照组的 (14.99± 1.4 5 )kPa、(11.36± 1.39)kPa、(12 .92± 1.4 4 )kPa、(0 .2 4 8± 0 .0 81)kPa、(90 5± 12 5 )N·min- 1·m- 2 显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :长波脉冲电磁场对作业人员血流动力学参数有一定影响 ,呈现心血管功能减弱状态。     

甲萘威对雌性大鼠血清雌激素水平及抗氧化系统功能的影响

目的观察甲萘威对雌性大鼠的生殖毒性并初步探讨其机制。方法雌性SD大鼠经口染毒甲萘威,剂量为0、1.028、5.140、25.704mg·kg-1·d-1。阴道脱落细胞涂片法观察大鼠动情周期的变化;放射免疫法测定其血清雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)水平;分光光度法测定其血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)的活力以及丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。结果各剂量甲萘威染毒组大鼠动情周期数明显低于对照组。染毒后15d大鼠动情各期出现变化,与对照组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。25.704mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠体重增长明显低于对照组。各剂量染毒组大鼠的多个脏器系数均明显降低。25.704mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠血清中E2水平为(19.93±2.21)nmoll,1.028mg·kg-1·d-1组大鼠P4水平为(1.21±0.40)nmoll,与对照组[(28.76±6.12)、(0.63±0.39)nmolL]的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随染毒剂量增高,大鼠SOD活力在卵巢先降后升,在血清中略升后下降;MDA含量则呈在卵巢中渐升高、在血清中略升后降低趋势;GSH含量和GST活力在卵巢中呈先降后升趋势,但在血清中,GSH含量呈下降趋势,GST活力先上升后下降。结论甲萘威可致雌性大鼠动情周期紊乱及雌激素水平改变,对大鼠的抗氧化系统产生一定影响。     

武警某部男战士和学员有氧耐力训练心率的研究

目的 :指导和监控部队有氧耐力训练强度 ,为提高训练效果提供参考资料。方法 :对 6 32名 18- 2 2岁男战士和学员依照GJB1337- 92和GJB2 5 5 8- 96规定的方法分别测定安静心率和训练心率。结果 :(1)安静心率均值 6 9.3± 6 .4b·min- 1,中等训练心率 16 1.2± 6 .2b·min- 1;最小训练心率为 147.4± 6·2b .min- 1,最大训练心率为 173.2± 6 .4b·min- 1;(2 )依测定结果制作了 6 0 %、70 %和 80 %三个有氧耐力训练心率表 ,使不同年龄、不同安静心率的人可以直接快捷地查到适宜训练心率。结论 :武警某部有氧耐力训练的适宜训练心率为 147～ 173b·min- 1。适宜训练心率依安静心率递增而递增 ,依年龄递增而递减。     

Heat illness in the U.S. mining industry

BACKGROUND: Heat illness is relatively common in the underground metalliferous mines of South Africa and Australia. Little is known about heat illness in other forms of mining and there have been no studies of heat illness in the US mining industry. METHODS: Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) accident, injury, illness, and employment data were used to study heat illness reported by the US mining industry from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 2001. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty eight cases of heat illness were reported. None of these cases were fatal. Four hundred twenty seven cases (79.4%) occurred in the summer months of June, July, and August. Incidence rates of heat illness in underground mining ranged from 0.00275/10(6) person-hours for coal, to 0.168/10(6) person-hours for metal, rate-ratio = 61.1 (P < 0.001). Incidence rates in surface mining ranged from 0.0265/10(6) person-hours for coal, to 0.0644/10(6) person-hours for stone, rate-ratio = 2.43 (P < 0.001). Incidence rates in mills/preparation plants ranged from 0.0255/10(6) person-hours for coal, to 0.417/10(6) person-hours for stone, rate-ratio = 16.4 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Heat illness occurs most frequently in stone mills, metal mills, and underground metal mines. Preventive measures should target the summer months of June, July, and August.     

沙漠干热环境徒手应激行军对人体热休克蛋白27的影响

为探讨沙漠干热徒手应激行军人体内热休克蛋白２７（ＨＳＰ２７）的变化规律,对在沙漠干热环境中以不同速度和时间徒手行军的５９名战士和１４名对照组的ＨＳＰ２７进行了研究。结果发现,不论是以３．５还是５．０ｋｍ／ｈ徒手应激行军,各不同行军时间组ＨＳＰ２７明显增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,相同行军时间不同行军速度组和同速度不同时间组之间的ＨＳＰ２７均无显著性差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。随行军速度（应激强度）增加,同一行军时间者血浆ＨＳＰ２７均略增高,行军小时１小时ＨＳＰ２７最高,之后略下降,２小时后变化不大,行军３小时与行军２小时基本处于同一水平。     

The physiological strain incurred during electrical utilities work over consecutive work shifts in hot environments: A case report

Purpose: In this article, we evaluated physiological strain in electrical utilities workers during consecutive work shifts in hot outdoor conditions.

Methods: Four highly experienced electrical utilities workers were monitored during regularly scheduled work performed in hot conditions (～34°C) on two consecutive days. Worker hydration (urine specific gravity) was assessed prior to and following work. The level of physical exertion was determined by video analysis. Body core temperature (T_core) and heart rate (HR; presented as a percentage of maximum, %HR_max) were monitored continuously. Responses were reported for each worker individually and as a group mean ± standard deviation.

Results: According to current guidelines, all workers were dehydrated prior to work on both days (urine specific gravity: day 1, 1.025 ± 0.005; day 2, 1.029 ± 0.004) and remained dehydrated following work (urine specific gravity: day 1, 1.027 ± 0.015; day 2, 1.032 ± 0.004) except for one worker on day 1 (urine specific gravity of 1.005). On day 1, the proportion of the work shift spent at rest (as defined by the American Conference for Governmental and Industrial Hygienists, ACGIH) was 51 ± 15% (range: 30–64%). Time spent resting increased in all workers on the second day reaching 66 ± 5% (range: 60–71%) of the work shift. Work shift average T_core was 37.6 ± 0.1°C (range: 37.5–37.7°C) and 37.7 ± 0.2°C (range: 37.5–37.9°C) on days 1 and 2, respectively. Peak T_core surpassed the ACGIH recommended threshold limit of 38.0°C for work in the heat in three workers on day 1 (38.1 ± 0.2°C, range: 37.8–38.2°C) while all workers exceeded this threshold on day 2 (38.4 ± 0.2°C, range: 38.2–38.7°C). By contrast, work shift average (day 1, 67 ± 7%HR_max, range: 59–74%HR_max; day 2, 65 ± 4%HR_max, range: 60–70%HR_max) and peak (day 1, 90 ± 6%HR_max, range: 83–98%HR_max; day 2, 87 ± 10%HR_max, range: 73–97%HR_max) HR were similar between days.

Conclusion: This case report demonstrates elevations in thermal strain over consecutive work shifts despite decreases in work effort in electrical utilities workers during regular work in the heat.     

Analysis of Heat Illness using Michigan Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance

Objective

The purpose of this work was to conduct an enhanced analysis of heat illness during a heat wave using Michigan’s Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System (MSSS) that could be provided to Public Health and Preparedness Stakeholders for situational awareness.

Introduction

The MSSS, described elsewhere (1), has been in use since 2003 and records Emergency Department (ED) chief complaint data along with the patient’s age, gender and zip code in real time. There were 85/139 hospital EDs enrolled in MSSS as of June 2012, capturing 77% of the annual hospital ED visits in Michigan. The MSSS is used routinely during the influenza season for situational awareness and is monitored throughout the year for aberrations that may indicate an outbreak, emerging disease or act of bioterrorism. The system has also been used to identify heat-related illnesses during periods of extreme heat. Very young children, the elderly, and people with mental illness and chronic diseases are at the highest risk of preventable heat-related illnesses including sunburn, heat exhaustion, heat stroke and/or death (2). During a heat wave in the summer of 2012, data was reviewed on an ad hoc basis to monitor potential increases in heat-related ED visits.

Methods

MSSS ED visits were queried to identify those with the primary complaints of: “heat”, “sun”, or “dehydration” including word derivatives and misspellings. The query excluded terms and misspellings such as “Sunday”, “heater”, and “heatlh”. Daily maximum temperatures for four major cities in Michigan were tracked using measures from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Weather Service (3). Multiple analyses were performed. For this abstract, ED data from a 10-day period of sustained above normal temperatures are presented with data from the prior 10-day period used as reference.Visits were categorized into 1 of 3 syndromes based on the chief complaint: sun-associated, heat-associated, and dehydration. Gender, age group, and syndrome for the period of interest were compared to the reference period. Heat-related visits during the period of extreme heat were also analyzed by Michigan Public Health Preparedness Region.

Results

During the period of June 28–July 7, 2012 the South and Central regions of Michigan sustained maximum daily temperatures surpassing 90°F with maximum temperatures at or above 100°F on at least 2 days. Among the cities reviewed, a total of 9 high temperature records were set or tied during that period. The number of heat-related ED visits reported into MSSS increased compared to the previous period of June 18–June 27, 2012. Heat-associated ED visits such as heat exhaustion and heat stroke were more frequent than the reference period, 30.0% vs. 13.7% (p<0.0001). Sun-associated ED visits such as sunburn were lower compared to the reference period, 17.3% vs. 23.8% (p=0.01). Dehydration complaints were elevated among those 20-29 years of age, 17.7% vs. 10.0% (p=0.01). While the proportion of ED visits due to heat-related complaints was highest in the Central and Northwestern areas of the state, increases were observed in all regions of Michigan.On July 6, 2012 an initial analysis summary was issued via the Michigan Health Alert Network (MIHAN) to provide situational awareness related to a concurrent heat advisory for much of the state. By July 23, 2012 MDCH issued a media release reporting this increase in heat-related ED visits.

Conclusions

Although cases used in the analysis may not represent all potential cases of heat-related illness and also may represent non-heat-related illnesses, ED data are useful in describing trends in illness presentations over time. As the MSSS covers a large proportion of Michigan’s population, the data from the MSSS can be stratified by type of heat-related injury, age group, and region, providing detailed situational awareness to public health stakeholders. This type of in-depth analysis further contributes to our knowledge of heat events and allows public health to relay important information regarding the severity of the situation and information about groups at risk for illness.     

Heat exposure in the Canadian workplace

Exposure to excessive heat is a physical hazard that threatens Canadian workers. As patterns of global climate change suggest an increased frequency of heat waves, the potential impact of these extreme climate events on the health and well‐being of the Canadian workforce is a new and growing challenge. Increasingly, industries rely on available technology and information to ensure the safety of their workers. Current Canadian labor codes in all provinces employ the guidelines recommended by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) that are Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) based upon Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT). The TLVs are set so that core body temperature of the workers supposedly does not exceed 38.0°C. Legislation in most Canadian provinces also requires employers to install engineering and administrative controls to reduce the heat stress risk of their working environment should it exceed the levels permissible under the WBGT system. There are however severe limitations using the WGBT system because it only directly evaluates the environmental parameters and merely incorporates personal factors such as clothing insulation and metabolic heat production through simple correction factors for broadly generalized groups. An improved awareness of the strengths and limitations of TLVs and the WGBT index can minimize preventable measurement errors and improve their utilization in workplaces. Work is on‐going, particularly in the European Union to develop an improved individualized heat stress risk assessment tool. More work is required to improve the predictive capacity of these indices. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:842–853, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

大覆盖面积囊式抗荷服的热负荷

目的研究2种飞行员大覆盖面积囊式抗荷服及其配套装备的热负荷，为确定新型抗荷服囊覆盖下肢体表面积提供生理依据。方法采用暖体假人测定2组装备热阻值（It）；6名受试者分别配穿囊覆盖下肢体表面积80％组和60％组装备，在26℃、35℃和40℃3种温度环境中90min，测量受试者的心率、皮肤温度、核心温度和出汗量，利用综合热应激指数（CIHS）评价受试者的热应激程度，并测量装备蒸发散热指数（im）。结果80％组和60％组装备热阻值（It）分别为1．815clo和1．740clo。蒸发散热指数（im）分别为0．39±0．04和0．41±0．04，差异无显著性。受试者配穿80％组和60％组服装．在35cc时综合热应激指数（CIHS）分别为4．51±0．51和3．92±0．51，前者为中度热应激，而后者为轻度热应激，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；在40℃时，综合热应激指数（CIHS）分别为8．79±0．73和8．14±0．91，均属重度热应激，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论当环境温度较高时，人体配穿80％组装备时会遭受更加严重的热负荷。     

Occupational heat illness in Washington State, 1995-2005

BACKGROUND: Little information exists describing the incidence of heat-related illness (HRI) among non-military working populations. An analysis of HRI cases utilizing workers' compensation data has not been previously reported. METHODS: We used both ICD-9 and ANSI Z16.2 codes with subsequent medical record review to identify accepted Washington State Fund workers' compensation claims for HRI over the 11-year time period from 1995-2005. RESULTS: There were 480 Washington workers' compensation claims for HRI during the 11-year study period. NAICS industries with the highest workers' compensation HRI average annual claims incidence rate were Fire Protection 80.8/100,000 FTE, Roofing Construction 59.0/100,000 FTE, and Highway, Bridge and Street Construction 44.8/100,000 FTE. HRI claims were associated with high outdoor ambient temperatures. Medical risk factors for HRI were present in some cases. CONCLUSIONS: HRI cases occur in employed populations. HRI rates vary by industry and are comparable to those previously published for the mining industry.     

9619复合制剂提高机体抗热损伤能力 的研究

目的：为寻找 有效的防暑抗疲劳制剂,分别以昆明小鼠、SD大鼠和人作为实验对照,对9619复合制剂的防暑效果进行观察。方法：将实验对象随机分成制剂组和对照组,于实验前50－60min服药（动物灌胃,人体口服）,制剂组服用9619复合制剂,对照组服用等量凉开水或百氏可乐（人体）。热环境温度为Td39.0℃-41.0℃、Tw34.0℃-36.0℃,动物受热至死亡、人体受热1h。结果：9619复合制剂明显延长小鼠的存活时间,显著降低了热暴露大鼠的肛温,并减少了死亡率;人体热暴露后,制剂组较对照组肛温增值呈明显降低,心率减慢10．1b/min、出汗量增加0．134L。结论：9619复合制剂对机体产生了明显的抗热损伤效应。