原发性肝癌致下腔静脉梗阻的介入性开通治疗

目的：评价原发性肝癌引起的下腔静脉恶性梗阻Z形自膨式腔内支架介入治疗的疗效。方法：对46例原发性肝癌所致下腔静脉恶性梗阻患者采用Z形自膨式金属内支架治疗。术前对患者行CT或MRI查了解下腔静脉梗阻情况及临床梗阻症状。放置支架前后分别行下腔静脉造影,测量梗阻段两端压力差。术后每1～2个月行下腔静脉造影或CT检查随访支架通常情况。结果：46例患者梗阻下腔静脉均开通成功,手术成功率100％（46／46）。2例患者因梗阻段超过10cm而置入2个支架,其余均置入1个支架。开通前后下腔静脉压由术前2．4±0．5kPa降至0．6±0．12kPa。经t检验,开通前后下腔静脉狭窄端压力变化具有非常显著差异（t=3．135,P〈0．05）。术后1～5天患者症状明显改善,未见严重并发症发生。随访2～10个月,4例患者出现下腔静脉再狭窄,支架通畅率为91．3％（42／46）。结论：置入Z形自膨式金属支架,是对原发性肝癌引起的下腔静脉梗阻一种安全有效的姑息性治疗方法。     

支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗肝癌所致下腔静脉恶性梗阻20例

目的 评估支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗下腔静脉(IVC)恶性梗阻的临床疗效.方法 选取20例IVC恶性梗阻患者,行IVC支架联合125I粒子条植入,术前术后分别对IVC梗阻长度、内径,右心房与梗阻段远端压差及患者临床梗阻症状积分进行统计分析.术后每2个月采用CT、彩色多普勒超声或者IVC造影对患者IVC通畅情况进行随访.结果 20例患者共植入26枚支架及40根粒子条,手术均一次性获得成功,未发生与手术相关严重并发症.IVC梗阻长度为(6.82±2.21) cm,狭窄段内径由(0.50±0.27) cm扩张至(1.55±0.33) cm.右心房与梗阻远端压差由术前(16.28± 1.26) mmHg降至术后(5.90± 1.86) mmHg,患者临床梗阻症状积分由术前4～5分(中位值4分)下降至术后0～2分(中位值0分).随访2～26个月,支架通畅率为90％.结论 支架联合125I粒子条植入治疗下腔静脉恶性梗阻安全有效,为临床提供了一种新的姑息性治疗手段.     

肝癌致下腔静脉梗阻的内支架治疗

目的 评价肝脏肿瘤引起的下腔静脉梗阻内支架介入治疗的疗效.方法 对156例下腔静脉梗阻患者采用Z形自膨式金属内支架治疗.放置支架前后分别行下腔静脉造影,对下腔静脉狭窄或梗阻段长度、直径、压差进行分析.结果 156例患者置入179枚支架.下腔静脉狭窄或闭塞长度为(6.1±2.2)cm,狭窄段压力差由(2.1±0.5)kPa降为(0.5±0.11)kPa.狭窄段直径由(0.33±0.11)cm扩张至(1.6±0.4)cm.术后患者症状迅速改善,随访2～24个月,支架通畅率为86.7%.结论 置放Z形自膨式金属内支架,是对肝脏肿瘤引起的下腔静脉梗阻行姑息性治疗的一种有效方法.     

肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的介入性开通治疗

目的　探讨肿瘤所致下腔静脉狭窄及阻塞的介入性开通治疗的疗效及术后处理。方法5 3例肿瘤性下腔静脉狭窄病人 ,有完整随访资料。先用导丝通过狭窄段或潜在的缝隙行球囊扩张后 ,置入支架 ,造影并测量下腔静脉压。结果　 5 3例中 5 0例开通成功 ,3例因导丝无法通过完全阻塞的下腔静脉而失败。 2例因狭窄段超过 10cm而置入 2个支架 ,其余病人均置入 1个支架。开通后下腔静脉压由术前 (2 8 6 6± 4 0 8)cmH2 O (1cmH2 O =0 0 98kPa)降至 (17 6 5± 4 18)cmH2 O ,经t检验 ,开通前后下腔静脉压变化具有非常显著性差异 (t=3 2 6 1,P <0 0 1)。 5 0例置入支架的病例中 48例下腔静脉狭窄或阻塞所致的临床症状及体征在 3～ 5d内消失或部分消失。 1例术中发生肺梗死 ,未出现其他严重并发症 ,平均随访 13 5个月 ,46例仍保持通畅。结论　支架置入治疗肿瘤性下腔静脉狭窄是一种安全有效的方法     

植入^125I籽源条及金属支架联合经动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌合并下腔静脉梗阻的初步经验

目的 报道植入~(125)Ⅰ籽源条及金属支架联合经动脉化疗栓寒治疗肝癌合并下腔静脉梗阻的初步结果.方法 自2009年3-6月,8例肝癌合并下腔静脉梗阻的患者入选本组研究,所有患者均为男性,平均年龄(61±10)岁.在患者下腔静脉梗阻段植入.~(125)Ⅰ籽源条及Z型自膨胀式金属支架,同时实施经动脉化疗栓塞术.分别对患者术前、术后下腔静脉梗阻段直径、右心房与梗阻段远端的压差及临床梗阻相关症状进行比较.术后每月对患者进行随访.结果 在下腔静脉梗阻段成功地置入8枚支架、10条~(125)Ⅰ籽源条,共植入138枚放射性~(125)Ⅰ籽源.术后患者临床症状改善显著.除1例患者术后2 d出现急性肾功能不全.其余患者无严重并发症.在平均(2.12±0.64)个月的随访期内,1例患者IVC支架发生闭塞,余患者支架保持通畅.结论 初步经验表明:植入~(125)Ⅰ籽源条及金属支架联合经动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌合并下腔静脉梗阻安全、可行,其远期疗效有待干进一步的研究.     

肝移植术后肝静脉和下腔静脉梗阻的诊断及介入治疗

目的 探讨肝移植术后肝静脉、下腔静脉梗阻的诊断及介入治疗技术.方法 在831例原位肝移植(OLT)、26例活体肝移植(LDLT)患者中,共有11例在移植术后2～111 d经血管造影证实为肝静脉、下腔静脉梗阻并进行了介入治疗.其中肝静脉吻合口狭窄或闭塞5例、下腔静脉吻合口狭窄5例、肝静脉狭窄伴下腔静脉吻合口狭窄1例.11例中,5例为成人OLT、4例为LDLT、2例为儿童减体积OLT,介入治疗前9例接受了肝脏CT、2例接受了MR增强扫描.术后随访患者肝肾功能指标、临床症状及肝静脉、下腔静脉血流状况.对11例患者的影像资料、介入治疗技术要点和治疗效果进行回顾性分析.介入治疗前后梗阻两端静脉压力差比较,采用配对t检验.结果 11例患者,CT或MR检查均可明确显示肝脏淤血范围、肝静脉或下腔静脉梗阻部位及程度;其中4例肝静脉梗阻和5例下腔静脉梗阻者行支架植入治疗,1例肝静脉梗阻者行经皮腔内血管球囊扩张术(PTA),1例肝静脉伴下腔静脉梗阻者,行肝静脉PTA和下腔静脉支架植入,介入治疗手术均成功.术后检测梗阻两端静脉压力差为(2.9±1.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),较术前(16.5±4.1)mm Hg明显下降(t=11.5,P＜0.01).术后10例患者临床症状改善,肝肾功能恢复;1例肝功能恶化,于术后第9天死于多器官功能衰竭.患者术后随访9～672 d,2例肝静脉PTA治疗者术后1个月内发生血管再狭窄,支架植入治疗者未发生再狭窄,无严重并发症发生.结论 支架植入是治疗肝移植术后肝静脉和下腔静脉梗阻安全、有效的方法;术前CT或MR对明确肝淤血范围及静脉梗阻具有重要价值.     

经皮上腔静脉成型术治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征

目的　探讨经皮上腔静脉支架成型术治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征的方法及临床价值。方法　上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者 1 5例 ,包括肺癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移 1 0例 ,非霍奇金淋巴瘤 3例 ,食管癌伴纵隔淋巴结转移 2例 ,均先行右锁骨下静脉或肘静脉穿刺插管至阻塞上段作造影、测压 ,显示阻塞的部位、程度、侧支循环及有无血栓等情况 ,再经右侧股静脉穿刺入路置放上腔静脉支架。结果　 1 5例患者均 1次成功地植入上腔静脉支架 ,1例患者因狭窄范围超过 1 0cm而导入 2枚支架 ,其余均置入 1枚支架。术后造影显示血流恢复通畅 ,手术前后梗阻远端测压从术前的 (30 .5± 2 .3)cmH2 O降到术后的 (8.8±1 .5 )cmH2 O(均为卧位测压 ) ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1 )。术后造影侧支静脉不再显影 ,上腔静脉阻塞症状明显改善 ,随访 6个月 ,除 1例患者因合并血栓经局部溶栓、球囊扩张治疗后症状改善 ,其余患者均无阻塞症状复发。结论　经皮上腔静脉成型术创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切 ,是治疗上腔静脉阻塞综合征的有效方法。     

原发性肝癌致下腔静脉阻塞的介入治疗

目的研究介入治疗肝癌所致下腔静脉梗阻的疗效及方法。方法6例患者,临床主要症状有腹胀、腹壁静脉曲张和下肢浮肿等。均为肝右叶病变压迫侵蚀下腔静脉所致的狭窄阻塞。治疗方法采用先溶栓,而后球囊扩张和内支架植入。结果6例患者狭窄阻塞的下腔静脉均开通成功,下腔静脉血流通畅,压力由术前的4.0kPa(1kPa=7.5mmHg)降至2.1kPa,无严重并发症。结论采用介入方法开通由于肝癌所引起的下腔静脉狭窄阻塞,疗效肯定,可提高患者的生活质量,延长患者的生存时间。     

国产金属内支架植入治疗下腔静脉良恶性节段性阻塞

目的　探讨植入国产金属支架介入治疗节段性良、恶性下腔静脉阻塞的临床价值。方法　 4 8例患者中良性阻塞 30例 ,完全性 8例 ,不完全性 2 2例 ;恶性阻塞 18例 ,完全性和不完全性各 9例。采用经皮股静脉途径植入国产下腔静脉支架。结果　 4 8例患者 ,平均病变长度 (5 .3± 2 .8)cm ,均一次手术成功 ,阻塞下方下腔静脉压由术前 (2 1.4± 5 .1)mmHg降为 (8.4± 3.3)mmHg(P <0 .0 1)。随访 3～36个月 ,术后下腔静脉通畅率为 83.3% ,无严重并发症 ;38例下腔静脉阻塞相关临床症状和体征完全消失 ,10例明显改善。结论　国产下腔静脉支架植入是治疗节段性良恶性下腔静脉阻塞的重要手段。     

恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉压迫综合征的介入治疗

目的：探讨采用介入方法治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征（SVCS）的疗效及临床意义。方法：24例上腔静脉阻塞综合征患者,经右侧股静脉入路,以猪尾巴导管于狭窄段近端或远端造影,明确狭窄部位、长度、程度,无局部血栓形成者直接置入Wallstent支架（Boston Scientific,USA）,合并血栓病例留置溶栓导管局部溶栓后再置入支架。结果：24例全部开通成功,手术成功率100%,狭窄段平均长度4.6 cm（3～7 cm）。3例置入2枚支架,其余患者均置入1枚支架。9例在支架置入前行溶栓治疗。开通前后梗阻远侧卧位测静脉压,术前（27.3±1.8）cmH2O,术后降至（4.5±0.8）cmH2O,置入支架后造影示侧支静脉完全消失,上腔静脉阻塞症状于术后即刻至术后3 d完全消退。随访8～26个月,11例术后5～10个月内死亡,13例存活,所有病例上腔静脉阻塞症状未再复发。结论：上腔静脉支架置入术联合导管局部溶栓是治疗恶性肿瘤所致上腔静脉阻塞综合征有效的微创治疗方法。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.