Déclaration de consensus sur l’entraînement de l’enfant au sport d’élite

Protecting the health of the athlete is the primary goal of the International Olympic Committee's Medical Commission. One of its main objectives is the promotion of safe practices in the training of the elite child athlete. The elite child athlete is one who has superior athletic talent, undergoes specialised training, receives expert coaching and is exposed to early competition. Sport provides a positive environment that may enhance the physical growth and psychological development of children. This unique athlete population has distinct social, emotional and physical needs, which vary depending on the athlete's particular stage of maturation. The elite child athlete requires appropriate training, coaching and competition that ensure a safe and healthy athletic career and promote future well-being. This document reviews the scientific basis of sports training in the child, the special challenges and unique features of training elite children and provides recommendations to parents, coaches, health care providers, sports governing bodies and significant other parties.     

Validité et reproductibilité d’un dynamomètre inertiel basé sur l’accélérométrie

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of an inertial dynamometer using accelerometry.

Methods

Fourteen subjects were tested during three successive sessions at four increasing loads (30, 50, 70 and 95% of the 1RM). Maximal force, velocity and power performances were simultaneously assessed by the Myotest (Myotest S.A., Switzerland), an inertial dynamometer using accelerometry, and by another control valid dynamometer witch combine accelerometer and linear position transducer. At three first loads, only minor differences appeared in between both dynamometers, correlations were excellent and coefficients of variation were good and similar. However, at 95% of the 1RM, Myotest validity and reliability became insufficient.

Conclusion

Bench press inertial assessment with accelerometer appeared valid and reliable at 30, 50 and 70% of the 1RM, but not at 95% of the 1RM.     

Intérêt d’un réentraînement à l’effort intermittent individualisé chez l’adolescent obèse

Introduction

To assess in six obese teenagers, the effects of 30 sessions (three days/week) of 50-minute individualised interval training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic parameters at rest and during exercise.

Synthesis

After this programme, fat mass decreases (10.8%) while BMI did not change. The expiratory reserve volume improved (44.6%). Maximal aerobic power, oxygen pulse and maximal ventilation are higher (12.4%; 16.9%; 17.2% respectively). First and second ventilatory threshold are increased (26.1% and 17.3%).

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the efficiency of this individualised training programme for obese teenagers. Such a programme may therefore provides additional benefits in weight management of obesity.     

La technique de Didier Patte dans les luxations récidivantes de l’épaule : notre expérience à propos de 35 cas avec un suivi d’une dizaine d’années

Aims

Authors report their personal experience on the surgical treatment of repeated anterior shoulder dislocations, using an anterior bone block in accordance with the procedure suggested by Didier Patte.

Results

From the year 1988 and during 10 years, 35 patients suffering from repeated anterior shoulder dislocations were surgically treated by this procedure. It was appropriate to retrospectively review the clinical and functional outcomes after Patte repair for recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability. The mean follow-up was approximately 10 years, with a mean percentage of 75% for the observance. There was no recurrence after surgery. Moreover, 88% of patients had good outcomes, according to the scale suggested by Butel et al., with total resumption of work and physical activities. The occurrence of chronic complication such as osteoathrosis was scarce (only one case for the series), while 20% of subjects showed apprehension during some specific shoulder movements.

Conclusion

In order to expect best functional outcomes, the choice of the surgical procedure should take into account the extent of initial injury. Considering these ground requirements, the Patte procedure seems to provide very satisfactory long-term functional outcomes.     

Le point sur les recommandations de santé publique en matière d’activité physique

Objective

To describe the evolution of the recommendations for physical activity to better understand their scientific bases and to summarize the current public health recommendations for physical activity.

News

The health-related benefits from physical activity are well-known even if all the mechanisms are not well understood. Some recommendations have been published and guidelines have been provided.

Perspectives and projects

Public health recommendations for physical activity are largely shared. However, specific recommendations for management of chronic disease should be precised.

Conclusion

Recommendations for physical activity should be disseminate among professionals, and particularly among health professionals because of their capacity to deliver advices to their patients. The challenge consists in defining the optimal quantity and the type of physical activity according to the characteristics of the population and their health.     

Effets de la reprise d’une activité physique régulière sur les capacités physiques et la qualité de vie d’hommes atteints du syndrome métabolique

Objective

To assess the effects of aerobic training on physical capacities and quality of life in men with metabolic syndrome (Mets), using field evaluation tools.

Synthesis

The physical capacities and the quality of life of eight men with Mets (59.5 ± 4.8 years old) was assessed before and after 8 weeks of aerobic exercise training by the 6 minutes walking test and the quality of life, obesity and dietetics scale.

Conclusion

Aerobic exercise training of 8 weeks improves physical capacities and the psychosocial impact dimension of quality of life in men with Mets, without generating anthropometric modification.     

Prévention des lésions de l’appareil locomoteur liées à la pratique de l’athlétisme sur piste. Revue des données épidémiologiques

Objectives

Sports injuries have an important impact on the sport and in daily life. Although athletics is known and performed on five continents, few is known about epidemiological data such as frequency, incidence, diagnosis or risk factors of injuries in athletics. In this context, consideration on strategies of sports injury prevention in athletics should be conducted.

Current knowledge

Sports injury surveillance by epidemiological studies is a preliminary step necessary in the clinical research on sports injury prevention. This is permitted by an agreed and validated methodolgy. Currently, the musculoskeletal lesions related to the track and field practice are common. The great diversity of these lesions reflects the diversity of disciplines, the constraints are different between the explosive disciplines (sprints, hurdles, jumps, throws) and endurance disciplines (middle and long distance). There was a predominance of lesions of thigh and hamstrings in the disciplines of sprint/hurdles, the Achilles tendon in jumps and sprints/hurdles, and chronic knee injuries and stress fractures in middle-distance.

Conclusion

Preventive measures which target the most frequent pathologies should be introduced. However, these data appear insufficient to fully understand the specific injury according to disciplines, and to understand the risk factors and injury mechanisms. Therefore, prospective epidemiological studies, and studies focused on specific populations or pathologies, are needed to improve strategies for the prevention of injuries in track and field.