MecA基因在耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药中的作用

目的:探讨耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)中MecA基因表达水平对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药的机制与作用。方法:利用头孢西丁纸片法筛选MRSA,提取MRSA细菌RNA,反转录成cDNA,实时荧光PCR检测MecA基因的表达水平;琼脂稀释法检测MRSA对头孢西丁、苯唑西林、万古霉素、利奈唑胺的最低抑菌浓度。结果:40株MRSA分为低水平耐药组(12株)、中水平耐药组(15株)、高水平耐药组(13株)。MecA基因的表达水平在MRSA低水平耐药组、中水平耐药组、高水平耐药组分别为58.87±30.30,363.37±200.05,1257.72±446.63,MRSA对头孢西丁、苯唑西林的耐药率为100.0%,没有检测到对万古霉素、利奈唑胺耐药的MRSA,但40株MRSA万古霉素的90%的细菌被抑制的浓度(MIC90)为2.0μg/mL。结论:MecA基因的表达水平可能与MRSA对β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药程度相关。     

单克隆抗体标志乳胶凝集试验快速检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌

目的探讨快速检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的实验方法。方法目标菌株采用SlidexMRSA Detection乳胶快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌(SA)菌株青霉素结合蛋白2 a(PBP2 a),确认MR-SA;设立SA耐苯唑西林筛选试验对照,两组不符合菌株经PCR方法检测M ecA基因确认。结果Sli-dexMRSA Detection乳胶快速检测247株SA的PBP2 a,阳性93株(37.65%);247株SA经苯唑西林筛选试验及PCR测定M ecA基因确定MRSA102株(41.30%),93株PBP2 a阳性菌株都为MRSA;PBP2 a阴性耐苯唑西林22株中,经PCR法检测M ceA基因,9株确认为MRSA,13株为甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)。乳胶凝集法快速检测SA的PBP2 a确定MRSA,敏感性91.2%,特异性100%,阳性预测值为1,阴性预测值0.94。结论单克隆抗体乳胶凝集法快速检测鉴定MRSA具有较高敏感性和特异性。     

头孢西丁替代苯唑西林检测"耐甲氧西林"的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌

目的探讨头孢西丁纸片扩散法替代苯唑西林检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)的准确率。方法临床标本培养鉴定出的金黄色葡萄球菌和凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌同时用苯唑西林和头孢西丁筛选(K-B法)耐药菌株,再用PBP2a胶乳法进一步检测耐药菌株的mecA基因。结果121株的葡萄球菌,对苯唑西林的耐药率为97.5%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌31株,表皮葡萄球菌67株,腐生葡萄球菌18株,溶血葡萄球菌5株,用PBP2a胶乳试剂和头孢西丁纸片检测金葡菌中MRSA发生率均为77.4%(24/31),凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌中MRCNS发生率96.6%(87/90)和94.4%(85/90)。头孢西丁纸片扩散法的符合率为99%(109/111)。结论苯唑西林纸片扩散法检测MRSA假阳性率较高,而头孢西丁纸片法(K-B法)与PBP2a胶乳凝集法检测MRSA和MRCNS的结果相近,适合实验室推广使用。     

头孢西丁纸片法替代苯唑西林纸片法检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的评价

目的评价头孢西丁纸片法替代苯唑西林纸片法检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的方法。方法采用头孢西丁纸片法（30μg/片）和苯唑西林纸片法（1．0μg／片）检测MRSA，以胶乳凝集试验检测PBP2a为参考方法。结果用胶乳凝集实验检测的106株金黄色葡萄球菌，其中PBP2a阳性为87株，阴性为19株，用头孢西丁纸片法筛查MRSA敏感性为98．9％，特异性为100％。苯唑西林纸片检测MRSA敏感性为95．4％，特异性为94．7％。结论头孢西丁纸片法筛查MRSA与PBP2a的检测具有较好的一致性，该法可在常规工作中推广使用。     

婴幼儿耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌感染状况和耐药基因的研究

目的了解感染婴幼儿的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)耐药性和耐药基因,明确检测青霉素结合蛋白2a(PBP2a)和甲氧西林耐药基因(mecA)的临床价值。方法用金黄色葡萄球菌乳胶凝集试验和梅里埃鉴定金黄色葡萄球菌,同时用纸片扩散法完成12种常用抗生素的药敏试验。对头孢西丁的结果,按当年CLSI标准执行,用于判断菌株甲氧西林的耐药性。采用PBP2检测试剂盒检测PBP2a蛋白,PCR检测mecA基因。结果 2007-2009年婴幼儿共检出245株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中MRSA检出率为17.6%(43/245)。MRSA对庆大霉素、复方新诺明、克林霉素、红霉素、氯霉素的耐药性均显著高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(P<0.05),其余抗生素的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),43株MRSA的PBP2a蛋白和mecA基因的检测结果全为阳性,阳性率为100%。结论用头孢西丁(30μg)能有效地筛查MRSA,检测PBP2a蛋白和mecA基因均能正确地确认MRSA。且检测PBP2a蛋白方便快捷,特异性好,值得临床推广。     

外源性甘氨酸对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药及femA表达水平的影响

目的探讨外源性甘氨酸对金黄色葡萄球菌苯唑西林耐药水平及femA表达的影响。方法用琼脂平皿对倍稀释法检测不同浓度甘氨酸下苯唑西林对30株金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值,用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测不同浓度甘氨酸下金黄色葡萄球菌femA表达水平。结果30株金黄色葡萄球茵中MSSA4株,低耐MRSA2株,高耐MR-SA24株,在0．2M外源性甘氨酸存在时MIC下降4-256倍,在0．3M外源性甘氨酸存在时MIC均〈0．25μg／ml。在所有金黄色葡萄球菌中均检测到femA表达,在0．2M甘氨酸存在时femA表达下降50％-80％,0．3M甘氨酸存在时femA表达下降75％-90％。结论外源性甘氨酸能降低金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林的耐药水平及femA表达水平。     

Vitek-2药敏卡片检测MRSA的准确性评价

目的:评价Vitek 2 AST P535药敏卡片测定金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林敏感性的准确性.方法:对临床分离的菌株采用AST P535药敏卡片和头孢西丁纸片测定对苯唑西林的耐药性,以PCR测定MecA基因为金标准,评价两种方法的准确性.结果:采用PCR共检测125株金黄色葡萄球菌,其中MecA基因阳性的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin resistant Staphy lococcus aureus,MRSA)89株,mecA基因阴性的甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin susceptive Staphylococcus aureus,MSSA)36株,以此为标准,在89株MRSA中用Vitek-2 AST P535药敏卡片检测出81株,敏感度为91%,在36株MSSA中采用Vitek-2 AST P535药敏卡片检测出35株,特异性为97.2%;而采用头孢西丁纸片法检测出MRSA 87株,敏感度为97.8%,检出MSSA 36株,特异性为100%.结论:AST P535药敏卡片测定金黄色葡萄球菌对苯唑西林的敏感性具有良好的灵敏度和特异性,准确性能满足临床需要,同时采用头孢西丁纸片法检测可进一步提高检测的准确性.     

耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌4种检测方法的比较及临床应用

[目的 ]通过检测 2 80株临床分离的葡萄球菌比较其耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌 (MRS)阳性检出率 ,对其可靠性和临床实用性进行评估。 [方法 ]K -B纸片扩散法、琼脂筛选法、琼脂二倍稀释法(MIC)、mecA基因检测法测试。 [结果 ]K -B法苯唑西林耐药葡萄球菌 1 4 1株 ,阳性率为5 0 .36 % ;琼脂筛选法苯唑西林耐药葡萄球菌 1 35株 ,阳性率为 4 8.2 1 % ;MIC法苯唑西林耐药 1 30株 ,阳性率为 4 6 .4 3% ;mecA阳性葡萄球菌 98株 ,阳性率为 35 %。 3种表型检测法检测结果经 χ2检验无明显差异 ,而与mecA基因检测法结果稍有差异。 [结论 ]mecA基因检测法是检测MRS的一种可靠的方法 ,但受设备、仪器、试剂和费用的限制 ,不易在广大医院临床实验室普遍开展 ,K -B法、琼脂筛选法、MIC法是检测MRS较为适用的方法。     

小檗碱与β-内酰胺类抗生素对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的协同抗菌作用*

目的 探讨小檗碱与临床常用抗生素联合应用对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的抗菌作用.方法 收集临床MRSA菌株,采用PBP2′胶乳凝集试剂盒对MRSA所产的PBP2′蛋白进行鉴定.微量肉汤稀释法测定抗生素及小檗碱对MRSA的MIC.微量棋盘稀释法测定小檗碱与β-内酰胺类抗生素的协同抗菌作用.结果 10株实验菌株均为MRSA.单用小檗碱对MRSA的MIC值在32～128 μg/mL之间.8～16 μg/mL的小檗碱能使MRSA及ATCC 25923对苯唑西林、头孢唑林及氨苄西林的敏感性增高,FIC指数在0.266～0.75之间.结论 8～16 μg/mL小檗碱与苯唑西林、头孢唑林与氨苄西林联用对MRSA有协同抗菌作用.该研究为今后小檗碱用于临床抗MRSA感染提供了科学依据.     

6种中药单体对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌作用

目的研究6种中药单体对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的抗菌作用。方法采用微量肉汤稀释法测定苯唑西林对MRSA的MIC,应用PBP2’胶乳凝集试剂盒对MRSA所产的PBP2’蛋白进行鉴定。采用微量肉汤稀释法测定6种中药单体对MRSA的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。结果经PBP2’鉴定,16株临床分离菌株均为MRSA。大黄酸的抗MRSA作用最强,MIC在4-16μg／ml,其次为小檗碱,而黄芩苷,黄芩素和穿心莲内酯抗MRSA的作用较弱,绿原酸对MRSA没有抗菌作用。结论大黄酸对MRSA的抗菌作用最强,有望成为抗MRSA的候选药物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.