脑卒中偏瘫患者发生单侧空间忽略的临床研究

目的 观察单侧空间忽略(USN)对脑卒中偏瘫患者康复预后的影响。方法 选择脑卒中患者93例，均行常规康复治疗。其中USN患者43例，进行纠正USN的治疗者22例作为实验组，未进行纠正USN的治疗者21例作为观察组，无USN的50例患者作为对照组。3组均接受常规康复治疗，治疗前、后采用Banhel指数(BI)对患者进行日常生活活动(ADL)能力的评价。结果 3组患者康复治疗后BI均显著高于治疗前(P＜0．001)。治疗前，实验组和观察组BI均显著低于对照组(P＜0．05)；经康复治疗后，观察组患者BI显著低于实验组和对照组(P＜0．001)，实验组和对照组患者间差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。结论 USN影响偏瘫患者的生活自理能力的恢复，进行相应的纠正USN治疗可使USN患者的ADL能力提高。     

平衡训练对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者下肢运动能力的影响

目的：探讨平衡训练对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者下肢运动能力的影响。方法：Pusher综合征患者61例,将其随机分为观察组31例和对照组30例。2组均给予常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上加用Biodex平衡功能分析训练仪进行训练;训练前后进行功能性步行量表（FAC）、下肢运动功能评定量表（FMA）、日常生活活动能力Bar—thel指数（BI）及Berg平衡量表（BBS）评定。结果：治疗5周后,2组FAC、FMA、BI及BBS评分均较治疗前明显提高（P〈0．05）,且观察组更高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：平衡训练结合常规康复治疗对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者下肢运动能力的恢复较常规康复治疗效果更好。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者健侧上肢运动控制障碍的研究

目的 :研究脑卒中偏瘫患者健侧上肢运动控制障碍对功能恢复的影响。方法 :62例脑卒中偏瘫患者分别在治疗前和治疗 3个月后对健侧上肢进行上肢功能检查 (manualfunctiontest ,MFT) ,用巴塞尔指数 (BarthelIndex ,BI)评测患者的ADL。结果 :①治疗前MFT异常者 49例 (79% ) ;②MFT变化差值上早期康复组高于恢复期康复组 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;③MFT正常组 3个月治疗训练后BI值 1 0 0分 ,BI变化差值正常组高于异常组 (P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论 :脑卒中偏瘫患者健侧上肢存在运动控制障碍 ,并影响功能恢复 ,因此脑卒中后早期积极对健侧上肢运动控制障碍评测和治疗是十分重要的     

康复时机的选择对急性脑卒中患者ADL能力的影响

目的 探讨早期神经康复对急性脑卒中患者重要性、有效性,以及康复介入时机与疗效的关系.方法 选择急性脑卒中患者90例,随机分为常规药物组(A组)、早期康复功能训练组(B组):即病后7 d之内开始康复、延期康复功能训练组(C组):即病后7～30 d开始康复.除A组外对其余两组按康复程序进行康复训练,经1个月后对ADL及BI指数进行康复评定.结果 早期康复训练B组经1个月后ADL及BI指数明显高于其他两组(P<0.05).结论 早期康复训练能有效地提高患者ADL能力及BI指数.     

早期康复护理对脑卒中病人日常生活能力的影响

对 5 0例脑卒中病人采用分阶段早期康复护理 ,并与常规护理组进行临床对照性观察。结果显示 :康复组日常生活能力(ADL )基本自理的占40 .0 0 % ,对照组占13 .89% ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。说明早期康复护理可以提高脑卒中病人的ADL ,减轻残疾     

120例急性脑卒中患者的早期康复治疗

目的:探讨早期康复介入对急性脑卒中患者的运动功能和日常生活活动(ADL)能力的影响。方法:将120例急性脑卒中患者随机分为康复组和对照组各60例,均接受神经内科常规药物治疗,康复组同时接受早期康复治疗。2组于治疗前、治疗后1个月进行神经功能缺损评分,并以Barthel指数(BI)评定ADL能力。结果:治疗1个月后康复组神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),BI评分及BI增加值明显高于对照组(P<0.05及P<0.01)。结论:早期康复治疗可明显提高脑卒中患者的运动功能,降低致残率,提高ADL能力。     

延续性康复护理干预对脑卒中患者生存质量的影响

目的:探讨延续性康复护理干预对脑卒中患者生存质量的影响。方法:将50例脑卒中恢复期出院患者随机分为实验组和对照组各25例,对照组出院后给予传统康复护理干预措施,实验组出院后实施延续性康复护理干预。比较两组患者日常生活活动能力(ADL)、生活质量、复发、满意度情况。结果:实验组患者3个月、6个月的Barthel指数评分明显高于对照组(P0.05),出院后6个月生活质量评分明显高于对照组(P0.05);实验组脑卒中复发率明显低于对照组(P0.05),患者满意度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:延续性康复护理干预能提高脑卒中患者的ADL和生活质量,降低患者复发风险,提高患者和家属满意度。     

早期康复护理对脑卒中患者肢体功能恢复的影响

目的探讨早期康复护理对脑卒中患者肢体功能恢复的影响。方法选取该院2015年11月~2016年11月收治的脑卒中偏瘫患者100例,随机分为对照组和实验组各50例。对照组行脑卒中偏瘫常规护理,实验组行早期康复护理干预。比较两组患者的整体恢复效果及神经功能缺损(NIHSS)评分、日常生活能力(ADL)评分和肢体活动能力(Fuel-Meyer)评分。结果实验组临床治疗的总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预前,两组NIHSS、ADL及Fuel-Meyer评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,两组NIHSS、ADL及Fuel-Meyer评分明显高于干预前,实验组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论对脑卒中患者行早期康复护理可有效改善神经缺损和肢体功能情况,提升患者日常生活能力,明显提升了临床整体治疗的效果,值得临床推广应用。     

视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者的影响

目的:视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练对脑卒中Pusher综合征患者的影响。方法:本试验采用双盲法,Pusher综合征患者25例,按入院顺序将其随机分为视觉反馈训练组8例(A组)、核心稳定训练组8例(B组)、视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练组9例(C组)。分别予三个试验组视觉反馈训练、核心稳定训练、视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练,各组在训练前后均进行临床倾倒量表(SCP)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、日常生活活动能力Barthel指数(BI)评定。结果:治疗6周后,三个试验组BI及BBS评分均较治疗前提高(P0.05);核心稳定训练组SCP评分较训练前无明显变化(P0.05),视觉反馈组及视觉反馈结合核心稳定训练组SCP评分较治疗前明显下降(P0.05),但两组组间比较无明显差异。结论:视觉反馈训练能有效改善脑卒中Pusher综合征,可以使Pusher综合征患者尽早恢复直立位,加快康复进程。     

康复指导路径对脑卒中患者日常生活能力的影响

目的　促进脑卒中患者丧失或受损的功能得到最大限度的恢复 ,重建或代偿 ,并能在日常生活中学习自理 ,重返家庭和社会。方法　选择脑卒中患者 96例 ,随机分为两组 (每组 48例 ) ,对照组按常规进行护理 ,观察组在常规护理的基础上 ,按康复指导路径进行系统的康复指导。结果　观察组经 8周康复指导 ,患者掌握相关知识 ,进行康复训练的自觉性 ,心理调节能力 ,满意度明显提高 ,并发症明显减少 (P <0 .0 1) ;尤其是日常生活能力 (ADL)优于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　康复指导路径能显著提高脑卒中患者ADL能力。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.