胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的提高对胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMTs)的认识,以改善其诊治水平。方法对1993年5月至2003年12月收治的15例IPMTs病人的临床、影像学表现及病理资料作回顾性分析。结果15例中男性12例,女性3例。年龄33～76岁,平均58岁。上腹痛为最常见症状。B超和CT检查,均提示有不同程度的胰管扩张和囊实性占位。11例行ERCP检查,发现十二指肠乳头肿大和黏液溢出者7例。14例行手术治疗(胰十二指肠切除术12例,胰体尾切除1例,全胰切除1例)。术后病理诊断胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺癌3例、导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴局部癌变6例、胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴不典型增生3例、胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤2例,术后除1例因肝广泛转移而死亡外,其余病人均健在,存活期最长1例已13年。结论胰腺有囊实性占位伴胰管全程扩张的病人应考虑IPMTs,ERCP发现十二指肠乳头增大有黏液溢出者可确诊该疾病。手术切除是最有效的治疗,术后预后良好。     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤13例临床分析

目的总结胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMT)的诊治经验,提高对该病治疗水平。方法自1985年5月至2004年3月共收治IPMT病人13例,男8例,女5例。所有病人均有不同程度的胰管扩张,8例进行了ERCP检查,发现胰管扩张,胰液溢出5例。结果除1人外,其他病人均接受了手术治疗,手术效果良好。术后病理诊断为胰头导管乳头状黏液性腺癌3例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴局部癌变2例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴不典型增生2例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤5例。结论IPMT与胰腺导管癌不同,ERCP有助于诊断本病,积极的手术治疗可获得良好的预后。     

胰腺癌—胰腺炎—胆胰管导管内黏液腺瘤一例分析

胆管及胰腺的导管内乳头状黏液腺瘤或黏液腺癌(Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm,IPMN)属于胆胰肿瘤的少见类型[1].以分泌大量黏液、引起胆管或者胰管扩张为主要特征,由此可以并发阻塞性黄疸、急慢性胰腺炎.发生于胆管内者,也有临床学者称之为黏胆症.由于以往对本病认识不多,报道甚少[2-5].随着诊疗手段的提高,此类病例报道逐年增加.现报道1例同时合并胆管和胰管的黏液腺瘤患者.     

胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤合并胰管结石4例报告

目的: 探讨胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤伴胰管结石的诊断、治疗及预后.方法: 回顾性分析胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤伴胰管结石4例的临床资料.结果: 4例患者中,全胰癌1例,胰头癌1例,十二指肠腺癌1例,十二指肠腺瘤1例,均伴胰管结石.临床症状为腹痛,皮肤巩膜黄染.4例患者入院前均有手术史,诊断为胰腺癌晚期不能切除而放弃根治性手术,入院后诊断为胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤伴胰管结石,均行根治性手术,其中全胰切除术2例,胰十二指肠切除术1例,十二指肠乳头部肿块局部切除术1例.术后随访至今6月~4年,均存活.结论: 胰管结石影响胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤可切除性的判断,从而影响胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤的治疗及预后.如果术前CT等检查发现有胰体钙化或胰管结石,术中发现胰腺质地硬,或扪及结石,应考虑为胰腺及十二指肠肿瘤伴胰管结石而非晚期、不可切除之肿瘤,可行胰十二指肠切除术、全胰切除术等根治性手术.     

胰管结石的外科治疗

目的:探讨胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择。方法:回顾性分析11例胰管结石患者的临床资料。11例中采用胰管切开取石胰管空肠Roux en Y吻合术3例，胰管切开取石、胰管空肠Roux en Y吻合术＋胆管探查＋T管外引流术2例，胰管切开取石＋气压弹道碎石＋胰管空肠Roux en Y吻合术3例，胰体尾切除、胰断端空肠Roux en Y吻合术1例，合并胰腺癌采用胰十二指肠切除术2例。结果:11例均痊愈;2例合并胰腺癌者于术后1～1.5年后死亡。结论:引流术和胰腺切除术仍是胰管结石的主要治疗方法，有主胰管扩张者采用引流术，无胰管扩张和胰腺病变局限化者采用胰腺部分切除加引流术；对结石位于胰头钩突、胰管扩张而无法取净的胰管结石需采用气压弹道碎石＋引流术。     

胰管结石的临床分析

目的探讨胰管结石的诊断、治疗及发病原因。方法回顾分析1998年1月1日至2004年11月31日期间收治的有完整病史资料的88例胰管结石患者的临床特点、诊断和治疗方法。结果88例患者病史不典型，以上腹部疼痛最常见，所有病例均伴有慢性胰腺炎。B超检查81例，诊断为胰管结石76例，胰腺钙化5例；CT检查51例，诊断为胰管结石47例，钙化4例，其中有5例疑伴胰腺癌；MRCP检查47例，诊断为胰管结石45例，胰腺钙化1例，胰腺钙化伴胰管扩张1例，其中6例疑伴胰腺癌。56例行手术治疗，53例痊愈出院，2例好转出院，1例胰管结石伴酒精性肝硬变，门静脉高压症患者术后第23d死于肝、肾功能衰竭。25例行中西医结合治疗，17例痊愈，8例好转出院。另7例主动放弃治疗。结论B超是胰管结石的首选检查方法，MRCP对其诊断和治疗有指导意义；胰管结石伴有严重的临床症状或疑伴胰腺癌时，手术是其最佳选择。     

胰管结石的诊断和治疗体会

胰管结石是一种临床少见病 ,临床医师常常对本病认识不足导致漏诊 ,从而延误诊治。作者就我院收治的 9例胰管结石的诊断和治疗作一分析。临床资料1.一般资料 :本组共 9例 ,男性 5例 ,女性 4例 ;年龄32～ 5 8岁。病程 1～ 7年 ,有胰腺炎史 3例 ,长期饮酒史 5例。患者临床表现均有中上腹痛及消瘦 ,合并慢性胰腺炎 7例 ,糖尿病 5例 ,梗阻性黄疸 3例 ,脂肪性腹泻 2例 ,胰腺癌2例 ,胆道感染性休克 1例。2 .辅助检查 :B超均可见胰管结石和胰管扩张 ,胰腺内回声不均匀。结石位于胰头部者 3例 ,胰体尾部 4例 ,全程均有者 2例。腹部X线平片发现胰腺…     

胰管结石外科治疗术式探讨

目的探讨胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择。方法对7例胰管结石患者进行手术治疗。采用胆管、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除、胆管探查、T管引流术4例,采用胰管切开取石、胰管空肠(侧侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆管探查、T管引流术1例,采用保留十二指肠的胰头切除、尾侧胰腺断端空肠(端侧)Roux-Y吻合术 胆囊切除及胆总管探查取石、T管引流术1例,采用胰十二指肠切除术1例。结果7例均痊愈,其中1例术前并发上消化道大出血,误切第一组小肠,遗有短肠综合征;另1例生存至1.5年后发生胰腺癌变死亡。结论外科手术仍是本病主要的治疗方法,主要有引流术和胰腺部分切除术,有主胰管扩张者宜采用引流术,无胰管扩张和胰腺病变局限化者,可用胰腺部分切除术,再联合内引流术;依据胰腺病变的具体情况选择最佳术式,手术疗效满意。     

慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石外科治疗体会

目的 探讨慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石外科治疗的术式选择.方法 对1991年6月至2006年6月收治的17例慢性胰腺炎伴胰管结石手术治疗的患者进行回顾性分析,总结不同类型的胰管结石的手术方式及结果.结果 本组17例中胰头部胰管结石13例,胰体尾部胰管结石4例,合并胆石症6例,其中6例行胰管切开取石胰管空肠吻合术(Partington法);4例行胰管胃吻合术(Warren法);3例行保留十二指肠胰头次全切除术(Beger法);3例行胰尾切除胰腺空肠吻合术(Duval法);1例行胰尾、脾切除胰腺空肠吻合术.17例临床治愈,其中上腹部顽固性疼痛完全缓解15例,血糖控制2例,胰漏2例,1例术后11个月死于胰腺癌.结论 针对慢性胰腺炎合并胰管结石患者的不同状况采取的手术方式应高度个体化,有主胰管扩张者采取引流术,无胰管扩张及局部胰腺病变者采取胰腺部分切除联合内引流术,同时注意尽量保存胰腺组织功能,可明显改善患者生活质量.     

十二指肠乳头及胰腺内多发性乳头状黏液性囊性肿瘤一例

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤（intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm in pancreas,IPMN）是由胰腺导管内能够分泌黏液的高柱状上皮细胞呈乳头状增生形成的肿瘤,伴有主胰管或其侧支胰管的囊性病变,与胰腺癌相比具有低度恶性、生长缓慢的特点.在临床工作当中,笔者遇到1例IPMN且合并肝内外胆管扩张的患者,现报道如下.     

Internal pancreatic fistulas with pancreatic ascites and pancreatic pleural effusions: recognition and management

Background : Internal pancreatic fistulas are well recognized complications of chronic pancreatitis. Methods : Six patients with internal pancreatic fistulas were treated over a period of 5 years from 1995 to 1999. Four patients presented with ascites, one patient presented with ascites and bilateral pleural effusion and the sixth patient presented with left‐sided pleural effusion. Five patients were chronic alcoholics and in one patient the cause of pancreatitis was not clear. Although the serum amylase was mildly elevated the levels of amylase in the aspirated fluid were consistently elevated (more than 800 Somogyi units/100 mL), along with the level of proteins (> 3 g/100 mL), and on this basis the diagnosis was made. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) demonstrated pancreatic ductal disruption in four cases. Initial treatment was conservative, consisting of nasogastric aspiration, nil per oral, antisecretory drugs, repeated paracentesis or thoracocenthesis and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). In two patients nasopancreatic drains (NPD) were placed across the disrupted pancreatic duct. Results : In one patient conservative treatment with NPD was successful, and the remaining five patients required surgical intervention. There was no mortality. Two patients developed surgery‐related complications that were successfully managed, but they required an extended hospital stay. Conclusion : Internal pancreatic fistulas should be treated initially non‐operatively; if this is not effective, operative therapy should be considered without delay.     

A pancreatic pseudocyst with pancreatic pleural effusion: Report of a case

A 54-year-old man with a 30-year history of chronic alcoholism was admitted to our hospital suffering from dyspnea and left-sided chest pain. A chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion. Computed tomography revealed a pancreatic pseudocyst in the tail of the pancreas spreading out to the posterior mediastinum and the left pleural cavity. The laboratory findings of pleural effusion were as follows: amylase, 118400 IU/1; protein, 4.6 g/dl; class I in cytology. Despite a reduction in the pleural effusion by conservative therapy, left back pain and a recurrence of the pleural effusion were observed after oral intake was re-initiated. A distal pancreatectomy and ligation of the pancreaticopleural fistula were thus performed on the 75th hospital day. The patient made a complete recovery from pancreatic pleural effusion and has now been well for 9 years.     

胰管结石的治疗进展

胰管结石在我国的发病率有逐年升高的趋势.目前治疗手段主要有非手术治疗及手术治疗2种.非手术治疗方法主要有内镜下取石和/或体外震波碎石后取石,手术治疗方法分为胰管引流减压术及胰腺切除术2大类.具体的治疗方法或手术方式的选择需遵循个体化的原则.     

Laparoscopic pancreatic cystgastrostomy

Internal drainage of acute pancreatic pseudocysts is indicated 6 weeks after the first documentation of pseudocyst. It is also indicated for symptomatic chronic pseudocysts 6 cm or more in diameter. When pseudocysts are located in close contact with the posterior wall of the stomach, they are best drained by pseudocyst-gastrostomy. This procedure can also be completed making use of intragastric surgical techniques. Under standard laparoscopic observation, three intragastric ports are placed through the abdominal and anterior gastric walls, establishing working channels for a telescope and hand instruments. After the presence of pseudocysts is confirmed, the posterior wall of the stomach and the cyst wall can be incised by electrocautery. After a sufficient drainage orifice is made and the cyst contents are thoroughly debrided, the intragastric ports are removed and defects in the gastric wall are closed with sutures placed via the standard laparoscopic approach. This approach is much less invasive than the conventional approach, which entails a large gastrotomy in the anterior wall of the stomach. This procedure should be the method of choice when interventional radiology or endoscopic intervention fails to effectively drain retrogastric pseudocysts. Received for publication on April 21, 1999; Accepted on Sept. 1, 1999     

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目的总结胰腺节段切除术治疗胰腺良性肿瘤的临床经验。方法对2000年1月至2007年5月北京协和医院行胰腺节段切除术治疗的28例胰腺良性肿瘤临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果手术完整切除肿瘤,术后病人胰腺功能无明显变化,症状得到改善。术后胰瘘发生率14.2%(4/28)。25例获得随访,随访时间为2～84个月,疗效满意。结论胰腺节段切除术是一种安全、有效、保存器官功能的手术方式,适合于胰腺良性肿瘤病人。可以保存病人的胰腺内、外分泌功能,提高生活质量。     

胰腺假性囊肿的综合处理

目的探讨胰腺假性囊肿的综合处理。方法回顾性总结近7年来我院收治胰腺假性囊肿36例的临床资料。结果急性胰腺炎后28例,慢性胰腺炎后3例,腹部外伤后5例。囊肿直径≤6cm者10例,均为单房性囊肿;直径〉6cm者26例,其中9例为多房、17例为单房性囊肿。ERCP造影显示67%囊肿与主胰管沟通,绝大多数发生在〉6cm的囊肿。囊肿直径≤6cm的10例病人,除1例作了囊肿切除和2例并发感染行外引流治愈外,7例皆经保守治愈;〉6cm的26例病人,除1例保守治愈外,其余25例均行囊肠Roux-en-Y吻合术,无手术死亡。结论不与胰管沟通或直径≤6cm的囊肿,可行非手术治疗;与胰管沟通或直径〉6cm的囊肿,6周后不消退均应行内引流术或内镜治疗;术前了解囊肿与胰管的沟通情况十分必要。     

A proposed new pancreatic classification system according to segments: Operative procedure for a medial pancreatic segmentectomy

Based on anatomical considerations and our experience in performing segmental resections of the pancreas, we propose here a new pancreatic classification system that divides the pancreas into four segments: posterior, proximal, medial, and distal. We also describe the operative procedures for medial pancreatic segmentectomy, carried out in two patients. Under this new classification system, based on the clinical position of these pancreatic segments, the embryologically termed ventral pancreas is now retermed the posterior segment, while the dorsal pancreas is divided into three segments, termed: the proximal segment (the duodenum-sided segment of the dorsal pancreas that connects with the posterior pancreas), the medial segment (the segment that corresponds with the pancreatic neck), and the distal segment (the area from the left border of the superior mesenteric artery to the hilum of the spleen). Although this division of the pancreas into four segments is a new concept, the development of new and better operative procedures that enable the resection of each pancreatic segment independently has made this concept not only valuable but clinically practical. Offprint requests to: T. Takada     

Symptomatic gastroduodenal pancreatic rest in children

Since 1979 nine children have undergone excision of gastroduodenal pancreatic rest. In three, these lesions were incidental findings at the time of unrelated surgery. The remaining six underwent resection for relief of abdominal symptoms. There were four boys and two girls. The ages ranged from 4 months to 13 years. Symptoms were directly related to age. Three children (6 months, 8 months and 4 years) were admitted for recalcitrant post-prandial vomiting. The remaining three (11, 12, and 13 years) were hospitalized for chronic midabdominal pain. Contrast radiographic studies were normal in three. An antral filling defect was noted in one and edematous proximal duodenum with poor peristalsis in the remaining child. Endoscopic examination and biopsy documented pancreatic rest in all six cases. All were located in the immediate vicinity of the pylorus. The size ranged from 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. Each child subsequently underwent excision with relief of symptoms. Pancreatic rest is functioning pancreas. Its presence in the prepyloric region may incite pylorospasm, delayed emptying and gastric distention and become clinically apparent with vomiting and/or abdominal pain. Documentation of gastroduodenal pancreatic rest in the symptomatic child with an otherwise normal evaluation may warrant excision.     

Arguments for an individualized closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatic resection

AIM:To analyze risk factors for postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF) rate after distal pancreatic resection(DPR).METHODS:We performed a retrospective analysis of 126 DPRs during 16 years.The primary endpoint was clinically relevant pancreatic fistula.RESULTS:Over the years,there was an increasing rate of operations in patients with a high-risk pancreas and a significant change in operative techniques.POPF was the most prominent factor for perioperative morbidity.Significant risk factors for pancreatic fistula were high body mass index(BMI) [odds ratio(OR) = 1.2(CI:1.1-1.3),P = 0.001],high-risk pancreatic pathology [OR = 3.0(CI:1.3-7.0),P = 0.011] and direct closure of the pancreas by hand suture [OR = 2.9(CI:1.2-6.7),P = 0.014].Of these,BMI and hand suture closure were independent risk factors in multivariate analysis.While hand suture closure was a risk factor in the low-risk pancreas subgroup,high BMI further increased the fistula rate for a high-risk pancreas.CONCLUSION:We propose a risk-adapted and indication-adapted choice of the closure method for the pancreatic remnant to reduce pancreatic fistula rate.