重复口服小剂量咖啡因对安全睡眠剥夺条件下视知觉检索能 …

研究睡眠睚与咖啡因在ＳＤ条件下对视知觉检索能力的影响。方法采取随机三盲２＊１０析因设计，１２名健康男性为被试，进行６０ｈ完全睡眠剥夺，用ＶＣＳ测验研究ＳＤ条件下重复口服小剂量咖啡因的保护作用。结论重复口服小剂量咖啡因在６０ｈＴＳＤ条件下对ＶＣＳ能力有明显保护作用。     

口服扎来普隆对大学生睡眠剥夺后任务管理功能的影响

目的 探讨口服10 mg扎来普隆5 h后其残留镇静效应对任务管理功能的影响.方法 对9名健康大学生进行43 h的完全睡眠剥夺,而后随机服用安慰剂或10 mg扎来普隆,进行4 h的恢复性睡眠.被试分别在睡眠剥夺1 h(基线值)、24 h和恢复性睡眠后1 h分别完成一次连续加法测验.记录正确数和平均正确反应时,采用重复测量的统计方法分析数据.结果 连续加法测验在基线值、24 h完全睡眠剥夺和恢复性睡眠1 h后的平均正确反应时间存在时间主效应( F (2,16)＝10.46,P <0.01),同时正确数也存在时间主效应( F (2,16)＝5.30,P <0.05),进一步分析24 h完全睡眠剥夺时的平均正确反应时[(14.67±2.91)s]较基线值[(12.98±2.52)s,P <0.01]和恢复性睡眠1 h后[(13.19±2.30)s]延长( P <0.01),正确数[(14.22±2.70)个]较基线值[(16.25±2.33)个]( P <0.05)和恢复性睡眠1 h后[(16.09±2.23)个]减少( P <0.05).而在安慰剂与扎来普隆间差异无显著性( P >0.05).结论 任务管理功能在24 h完全睡眠剥夺后已明显受损;在口服10 mg扎来普隆5 h后其残留镇静效应已对任务管理功能已没有影响.     

安慰剂与咖啡因对睡眠剥夺者计算能力的影响

目的　研究安慰剂与咖啡因对睡眠剥夺的对抗效果 ,寻找较合理的对抗方法。方法　采用自身前后对照实验设计 ,对 5名健康青年男性 (18～ 2 0岁 )进行五次 3 0h睡眠剥夺的实验 ,每次实验给予 1种处理 ,分别为 :完全睡眠剥夺、2 0 0mg咖啡因、2 0 0mg安慰剂、40 0mg咖啡因、2 0 0mg咖啡因结合 2 0 0mg安慰剂五种。药物洗脱期为 3d。每次实验进行 6次连续相加测验 ,观察测验成绩的变化情况。结果　 (1)四种对抗措施组的成绩明显优于完全睡眠剥夺组 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )同 40 0mg咖啡因组、2 0 0mg咖啡因加 2 0 0mg安慰剂组相比 ,2 0 0mg咖啡因组、2 0 0mg安慰剂组的测验完成时间明显延长 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,然而前两种处理之间以及后两种处理之间没有统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。 (3 )处理组间和组内在错误率上没有差异 ,没有显著性意义。结论　咖啡因的作用效果存在剂量相关性 ;安慰剂的暗示作用和咖啡因都可以减弱睡眠剥夺的不良影响 ;安慰剂同咖啡因联合作用可以互相弥补不足。     

暗示或/和咖啡因对30 h睡眠剥夺下简单反应时和知觉加工的影响

目的: 研究安慰剂暗示或/和咖啡因对睡眠剥夺条件下简单反应时和知觉加工的影响,提出合理有效的对抗睡眠剥夺的用药策略. 方法: 被试自身前后对照,实验分5次进行,每次进行30 h睡眠剥夺,其间安排5组简单反应时测验和Stroop测验. 第1次,为完全睡眠剥夺(对照). 另外4次实验被试分别在特定时间服用安慰剂200 mg、咖啡因200 mg、咖啡因400 mg、咖啡因和安慰剂各200 mg. 通过强调咖啡因的兴奋作用给予被试心理暗示. 结果: Stroop测验中,服用咖啡因400 mg以及咖啡因和安慰剂各200 mg的单位时间正确率(correct rate of persecond, CRPS)明显大于对照(P<0.05);咖啡因400 mg CRPS大于安慰剂200 mg (P<0.05). 在简单反应时测验中,5次实验之间的CRPS无差异(P>0.05). 结论: 夜间服用咖啡因配合安慰剂暗示的方法是一种较理想的睡眠剥夺对抗措施.     

32h睡眠剥夺对选择性注意能力的影响

目的: 探讨睡眠剥夺对选择性注意任务各阶段的影响及其程度. 方法: 12名健康男性在32 h睡眠剥夺前后完成6种模式的选择性注意任务,该6种模式任务测量选择性注意过程中的刺激编码、反应选择、运动调节阶段的变化特点. 本研究为自身前后对比设计. 结果: 校正分析结果显示,睡眠剥夺前后正确反应的C2模式下平均反应时、C1模式下变异系数、C1与C2间变异系数差别的差异显著(P<0.05); 总反应的C1模式下平均反应时的差异显著(P<0.05); C2模式下忽视性错误数、A1与A2、C1与C2模式间忽视性错误数之差的差异显著. 结论: 32 h睡眠剥夺后反应速度、动作稳定性、操作正确性均降低,完成低难度的任务时尤为明显,这种影响主要发生在刺激编码和运动调节阶段.     

高原环境30小时完全睡眠剥夺单次及重复口服咖啡因对计算能力影响的研究

目的比较高原环境(海拔约2850m)下30小时完全睡眠剥夺单次及重复口服咖啡因对计算能力的不同影响.方法采用自身前后对照实验设计,对6名被试前后进行2次30小时完全睡眠剥夺.在剥夺过程中,分6个时间点进行连续相加测验,分别为:24:00、03:00、05:00、07:00、09:00和13:00.在01:00和05:00时间点上分别给予两种处理:单次口服200mg咖啡因和重复口服200mg咖啡因.两次实验间洗脱期为3天.每次实验进行6个时间点的连续相加测验,观察测验成绩的变化趋势.结果两次实验中03:00与05:00时间点上作业成绩未有明显下降.在单次服用200mg咖啡因实验中,07:00测验时间点成绩明显下降,到09:00测验时间点成绩上升,13:00测验时间点成绩再次下降;而在重复服用200mg咖啡因实验中,07:00和09:00测验时间点成绩均有所提高,在13:00测验时间点成绩下降,下降幅度明显大于单200mg咖啡因.结论在高原环境下,咖啡因对抗睡眠剥夺的不良影响是有效的.并且重复口服200mg咖啡因的对抗作用较为理想,不但体现在服药后作业成绩的提高,而且也反映在对抗作用持续时间上.     

43h完全睡眠剥夺对额叶执行控制功能影响的事件相关电位研究

目的:应用事件相关电位探讨43h完全睡眠剥夺(TSD)对额叶执行控制功能影响.方法:24名健康大学生(19±1.6岁,男性)被随机分为TSD组和非睡眠剥夺(NSD)组,视觉Go/Nogo测验在睡眠剥夺实验第3日2∶00完成,在测验进行同时记录32导脑电图.结果:与NSD组比较,TSD组的P2波[F(1,22)=3.84,P<0.05]、N2波[F(1,22)=5.00,P<0.05]、P3波[F(1,22)=36.49,P<0.01]的波幅均显著降低.N1波[F(1,22)=99.54,P<0.01]、P2波[F(1,22)=64.91,P<0.01]、N2波[F(1,22)=58.05,P<0.01]和P3波[F(1,22)=16.02,P<0.01]的潜伏期明显延长.此外,Nogo刺激较Go刺激诱发出较大的的N2波和P3波.TSD组的平均反应时[F(1,22)=9.99,P<0.05]、漏报率[F(1,22)=22.15,P<0.01]和误报率[F(1,22)=30.07,P<0.01]较NSD组明显增加.结论:43h的TSD对于额叶执行控制功能造成明显损伤,信息加工能力明显下降.     

睡眠剥夺对小鼠蓝斑神经元抗氧化水平及自噬活动的影响

目的 观察睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)对蓝斑(locus coeruleus,LC)神经元抗氧化(antioxidant)水平和自噬(autophagy)活动的影响.方法 成年(8～10周)雄性C57BL/6小鼠54只(23 ～26 g),采用轻柔刺激法建立全睡眠剥夺6 h(SD 6 h)(n=8只/组)和12 h(SD 12 h)(n=8只/组)模型,改良多平台法建立REM睡眠剥夺(REM sleep deprivation,RSD)(n=11只/组)模型.Western blot检测超氧化物歧化酶2(superoxide dismutase,SOD2)、过氧化氢酶(catalase)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)和P62(也称SQSTM1)的表达水平.免疫荧光染色观察溶酶体膜相关蛋白-1(lysosomalassociated membrane protein 1,LAMP-1)的表达.结果 SD6 h后,蓝斑神经元SOD2(P＜0.05)和catalase(P＜0.05)表达水平显著上调.SD 12 h后,蓝斑神经元SOD2和eatalase表达水平无明显变化.但是RSD后,蓝斑神经元SOD2(P＜0.05)和catalase(P＜0.05)表达水平显著下调.外侧下丘脑作为对照脑区,睡眠剥夺对其神经元SOD2和catalase表达水平均无明显影响.SD6h和SD 12 h对蓝斑神经元LC3-Ⅱ和P62表达水平均无明显变化.但是RSD显著降低蓝斑神经元LC3-Ⅱ表达水平(P＜0.05),而P62表达水平升高(P＜0.05),LAMP-1的表达也相应减弱.SD对外侧下丘脑神经元LC3-Ⅱ和P62表达水平均无显著影响.结论 短时全睡眠剥夺引起蓝斑神经元抗氧化反应一过性升高而自噬活动无明显影响;长时程REM睡眠剥夺使蓝斑神经元的抗氧化水平和自噬活动均减弱.     

大鼠中缝核群星形胶质细胞对睡眠剥夺的反应及其与神经元的关系

目的探索大鼠脑干中缝核群星形胶质细胞对睡眠剥夺(SD)的反应及其与神经元的关系。方法采用小平台水环境法建立大鼠SD模型,分为睡眠剥夺12h(SD)组,睡眠剥夺12h恢复睡眠3h(SR)组及大平台对照(TC)组和正常单独饲养(CC)组,每组3只。用免疫组化的方法观察c-fos和胶原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)在脑干中缝核群的表达,及其与5-羟色胺(5-HT)阳性神经元的关系。结果GFAP在中缝核群尤其是中缝背核表达明显增多,睡眠恢复后表达明显减少,其变化趋势及部位与c-fos基因表达相一致。在中缝背核形成3种形式的复合体样结构:(1)c-fos(+)、5-HT(+)、GFAP(+);(2)5-HT(+)、GFAP(+)、c-fos(-);(3)5-HT(-)、GFAP(+)、c-fos(+)。结论GFAP对睡眠剥夺和恢复睡眠的影响反应敏感,与神经元反应趋势一致,提示星形胶质细胞和神经元可能共同参与睡眠调节。     

高原环境30小时完全睡眠剥夺单次及重复口服咖啡因对计算能力影响的研究

目的 比较高原环境(海拔约2850m)下30小时完全睡眠剥夺单次及重复口服咖啡因对计算能力的不同影响。方法 采用自身前后对照实验设计，对6名被试前后进行2次30小时完全睡眠剥夺。在剥夺过程中，分6个时间点进行连续相加测验，分别为：24：00、03：00、05：00、07：00、09：00和13：00。在01：00和05：00时间点上分别给予两种处理：单次口服200mg咖啡因和重复口服200mg咖啡因。两次实验间洗脱期为3天。每次实验进行6个时间点的连续相加测验，观察测验成绩的变化趋势。结果 两次实验中03：00与05：00时间点上作业成绩未有明显下降。在单次服用200mg咖啡因实验中，07：00测验时间点成绩明显下降，到09：00测验时间点成绩上升，13：00测验时间点成绩再次下降；而在重复服用200mg咖啡因实验中，07：00和09：00测验时间点成绩均有所提高，在13：00到验时间点成绩下降，下降幅度明显大于单200mg咖啡因。结论 在高原环境下，咖啡因对抗睡眠剥夺的不良影响是有效的。并且重复口服200mg咖啡因的对抗作用较为理想，不但体现在服药后作业成绩的提高，而且也反映在对抗作用持续时间上。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.