生殖道B族链球菌感染对母婴结局的影响

目的：分析妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族链球菌（ GBS）感染对母婴结局的影响。方法对776例妊娠35～37周的孕妇进行阴道肛门GBS培养,其中64例GBS阳性患者中32例使用抗生素治疗（治疗组）,32例不予治疗（对照组）。观察孕妇GBS感染高危因素及妊娠结局。结果妊娠晚期生殖道GBS阳性率为8.25％,高危因素包括农村户籍（31.25％）、经产妇（18.75％）、人流史（15.63％）;对照组早产、胎膜早破、宫内感染、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿感染率高于GBS阴性组及阳性治疗组（P＜0.05）。结论妊娠晚期GBS感染可增加早产、胎膜早破及新生儿宫内窘迫及感染发生率。早期筛查,及时发现并规范治疗可改善妊娠晚期GBS感染孕妇妊娠结局。     

羊膜腔灌注术治疗妊娠28~34周羊水过少的价值

目的 探讨经腹羊膜腔灌注术治疗妊娠28~34周未破膜羊水过少的妊娠结局及安全性评估。方法 选择2012~2015年在笔者医院诊治,孕周28~34周,B超提示羊水过少的孕妇共65例,按自愿原则进行分组,其中接受经腹羊膜腔灌注术35例（治疗组）,补液组30例（对照组）,观察妊娠结局及相关并发症。结果 治疗组35例,有1例在灌注后B超诊断胎儿左肾缺如。治疗组的新生儿平均出生孕周为36.93±1.29周,出生体重为2852.00±649.02g,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;而剖宫产率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组在胎膜早破、新生儿肺炎、新生儿黄疸的差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组均无胎盘早剥、羊水栓塞、穿刺感染等并发症发生。结论 经腹羊膜腔灌注术能改善妊娠28~34周未破膜羊水过少妊娠结局,增加羊水量、延长孕周、降低剖宫产率、及时排除胎儿畸形,操作安全性高。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者BMI与同型半胱氨酸、妊娠结局的关联性分析

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病患者身体体重指数（body mass index,BMI）与同型半胱氨酸和妊娠结局的关联性。方法 自2015年1月~2016年10月,前瞻性收集妊娠期糖尿病患者120例,根据患者BMI水平,将患者分为肥胖组（BMI≥25kg/m²）和对照组（<25kg/m²）。主要观察指标包括两组患者同型半胱氨酸和妊娠结局。结果 与对照组比较,肥胖组孕妇孕12周时同型半胱氨酸显著增加（11.09±1.91 vs 8.92±1.57μmol/L,P=0.000）;BMI与同型半胱氨酸呈正相关（r=0.410,P=0.000）。与对照组比较,肥胖组剖宫产率显著增加（30.00% vs 15.00%,P=0.049）;巨大儿发生率显著增加（20.00% vs 5.00%,P=0.027）;新生儿体重显著增加（3672.15±475.45 vs 3220.93±461.36g,P=0.000）。两组患者妊娠周数、产后出血、头盆不称、胎位异常、宫缩乏力、胎膜早破和新生儿窒息发生率等比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 妊娠期糖尿病患者BMI与同型半胱氨酸、剖宫产、巨大儿和新生儿体重呈正相关。     

围生期B族链球菌感染对足月孕妇妊娠结局的影响

目的:了解妊娠晚期妇女生殖道B族链球菌(GBS)的定植率及高危因素,探讨GBS感染对足月妊娠孕妇母儿妊娠结局的影响.方法:选择妊娠35~37周孕妇884例应用PCR方法进行GBS检测,同时对阴道分泌物进行病原体检测,并观察其妊娠结局.结果:孕妇产前GBS的阳性率为10.4%.其他病原体检出率分别为细菌性阴道病8.1%、滴虫1.2%、霉菌6.7%;GBS阳性和阴性组孕妇霉菌检测阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);GBS阳性组孕妇滴虫和细菌性阴道病检测阳性率均明显高于GBS阴性组孕妇(P<0.01).GBS阳性组剖宫产、产后出血、羊水粪染、胎膜早破和产褥感染的发生率与阴性组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).GBS阳性组和GBS阴性组胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、新生儿感染和病理性黄疸的发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:妊娠晚期阴道炎症与GBS定植率密切相关;对GBS阳性妊娠足月孕妇应用敏感抗生素治疗后母儿不良妊娠结局无明显升高.     

胎膜早破孕妇生殖道感染情况及对妊娠结局影响

目的 研究胎膜早破孕妇生殖道感染情况及对妊娠结局的影响。方法 选择2014年5月至2015年1月住院分娩的胎膜早破孕妇70例为早破组,同期无胎膜早破70例为对照组,检测两组生殖道病原微生物感染情况,并比较两组的妊娠结局。结果 早破组生殖道感染阳性率高于对照组,且剖宫产率,母体发生产后出血,绒毛膜羊膜炎,胎儿窘迫及新生儿窒息发生率均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 生殖道感染是胎膜早破最常见的诱因,积极筛查及治疗孕妇生殖道感染可以减少相关产科并发症的发生。     

妊娠晚期生殖道B族链球菌感染对妊娠结局的影响

目的观察妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道B族链球菌（GBS）感染情况及其对母婴预后影响。方法妊娠35-37周的孕妇802例,取阴道肛门拭子进行GBS培养,根据培养结果及处理方式分组并进行不同处理,GBS阴性737例为对照组,GBS阳性65例随机为两组,研究组1共32例未使用抗生素治疗,研究组2共33例使用抗生素治疗。观察其对妊娠结局的影响。结果妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道GBS阳性率为8.10%;GBS阳性者妊娠次数明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）;研究组1胎膜早破、剖宫产、宫内感染及新生儿感染等不良妊娠结局的发生率均高于对照组（P〈0.05）;而研究组2不良妊娠结局的发生率介于对照组与研究组1之间,与对照组比较,仅早产的发生率高（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠晚期孕妇生殖道感染可增加胎膜早破、宫内感染及新生儿感染等不良妊娠结局的发生率,剖宫产率也明显增加,须对妊娠晚期生殖道B族链球菌感染者进行规范性防治。     

妊娠期孕妇GBS感染及预防性抗生素干预对妊娠结局的影响

目的观察妊娠期孕妇B族链球菌(GBS)感染情况及分娩时预防性抗生素干预对妊娠结局的影响。 方法将255例妊娠期孕妇按照GBS感染情况分为GBS阳性组85例及GBS阴性组170例,根据分娩时是否给与预防性抗生素干预,将GBS阳性孕妇分为抗生素组42例及对照组43例。比较GBS阳性组、GBS阴性组及抗生素组、对照组的妊娠结局(早产、胎膜早破、宫内感染、产褥感染)及新生儿结局(胎儿窘迫、新生儿感染、新生儿高胆红素血症)情况,并分析GBS菌株的耐药性。 结果GBS阳性组早产、胎膜早破、宫内感染、产褥感染以及胎儿窘迫、新生儿感染、新生儿高胆红素血症发生率均高于GBS阴性组(P＜0.05);抗生素组胎膜早破、宫内感染、产褥感染以及新生儿感染、新生儿高胆红素血症发生率均低于对照组(P＜0.05)。GBS菌株对青霉素G、万古霉素、氨苄青霉素的敏感性最高,均为100.00%,对红霉素的耐药性最高,为43.53%。 结论GBS感染会增加妊娠及新生儿不良结局,于分娩时给与预防性抗生素治疗能有效改善孕妇妊娠结局及新生儿结局。     

糖化血红蛋白水平与妊娠期糖尿病患者不良妊娠结局的相关性分析

目的 探讨糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）水平与妊娠期糖尿病患者不良妊娠结局的相关性。方法 随机选取2014年1月至2015年5月在秦皇岛市工人医院妇产科接受妊娠期糖尿病治疗的120例患者为观察组,同期随机抽取进行产检的非GDM孕妇120例为对照组,严格监控观察组患者的血糖水平,并追踪回访直至患者终止妊娠。记录两组患者HbAlc水平、早产、羊水过多、胎儿过大、胎膜早破等一系列妊娠不良结局以及新生儿低血糖的发生情况。结果 观察组早产、羊水过剩、胎儿过大、胎儿窘迫等妊娠不良结局以及新生儿低血糖的发生率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）;观察组妊娠不良结局以及新生儿低血糖的发生率随HbAlc水平的升高而升高,不同HbAlc水平（≤6.0%;>6.0%~6.5%;>6.5%~7.0%;>7.0%）患者的不良妊娠结局以及新生儿低血糖发生率差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组患者胎膜早破发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,且两组患者胎膜早破发生率与HbAlc水平无相关性（P>0.05）。结论 HbAlc水平与妊娠期糖尿病患者不良结局相关,应加强HbAlc水平检测并严格监控以降低不良妊娠结局发生率,为母婴安全提供保障。     

晚期妊娠孕妇B群链球菌定植状况及妊娠结局分析

目的: 探讨妊娠晚期孕妇B群链球菌（GBS）定植情况、抗菌药物敏感性及妊娠结局。方法: 纳入2016年1月至2018年12月在东部战区总医院和南京医科大学第一附属医院妇产科定期产检的孕妇,于孕35~37周采用标准方法采集阴道及直肠拭子进行GBS培养,并对阳性标本分离的菌株进行药物敏感性试验。按培养结果分为GBS阳性组和GBS阴性组,阳性组按照产程中是否使用了抗菌药物治疗分为用药组与未用药组,比较不同组别妊娠结局的差异。结果: 共13 000名孕妇入组,GBS总体定植率为3.65%（475/13 000）。GBS在阴道中定植率为2.33%（303/13 000）,在直肠中定植率为1.75%（227/13 000）。通过对直肠标本的采集检测,GBS阳性检出率增加了56.77%（172/303）。GBS每月的定植率有明显波动,3月份和10月份最高（均P < 0.05）。475份GBS阳性标本对头孢曲松、万古霉素和利奈唑胺的敏感率为100%,对氨苄西林和青霉素的敏感率分别为97.26%和93.47%,而对左氧氟沙星、克林霉素、红霉素、四环素的耐药率较高,分别为30.11%、48.00%、52.21%和88.63%。GBS阳性组胎膜早破、产后出血、产褥期感染、新生儿肺炎、败血症发生率较GBS阴性组明显增高（均P < 0.01）。产程中预防性使用抗菌药物的GBS阳性孕妇产褥期感染、新生儿感染及新生儿重症监护室入住率明显低于未使用抗菌药物的孕妇（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论: 妊娠晚期孕妇GBS定植率较低,无明显的季节性,通过补充直肠检测能提高GBS检出率。头孢曲松、氨苄西林和青霉素是目前预防和治疗GBS相关疾病的首选药物。GBS感染会明显增加母婴并发症的发生可能,产程中抗菌药物治疗可以改善母婴的结局。     

未足月胎膜早破孕妇B族链球菌、假丝酵母菌及解脲支原体阳性率及妊娠结局分析

目的 探讨孕35周前未足月胎膜早破（preterm premature rupture of membranes,PPROM）孕妇B族链球菌（group B streptococcus,GBS）、假丝酵母菌（candida mycoderma,CM）及解脲支原体（ureaplasma urealyticum,UU）检测的阳性率及其对妊娠结局的影响,旨在为未足月胎膜早破的临床预防及治疗提供参考。方法 选取2018年1月至2019年12月温州医科大学附属第二医院收治的妊娠28～35周胎膜早破孕妇172例作为观察组,随机选取同期无胎膜早破的孕妇206例作为对照组,分析两组孕妇GBS、CM、UU检测的阳性率,及GBS、CM、UU阳性对妊娠结局的影响。结果 观察组孕妇GBS、CM、UU阳性率分别为11.6%、11%、14.5%,分别明显高于对照组的4.4%、5.3%、7.8%;观察组绒毛膜羊膜炎、新生儿宫内感染的发生率分别为76.2%、24.4%,均明显高于对照组的47.6%、15.5%;GBS、CM、UU阳性者绒毛膜羊膜炎、新生儿宫内感染的发生率分别为85%、45%,分别明显高于阴性者的71.4%、13.4%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 孕35周前未足月胎膜早破孕妇GBS、CM及UU阳性率均明显高于无胎膜早破孕妇,且感染会使不良妊娠结局的发生增加。因此,有必要在妊娠35周前开展GBS、CM联合UU检测,以实现早期发现和治疗,减少未足月胎膜早破和不良妊娠结局的发生,从而改善母婴预后。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.