冠心病危险因素的临床评价

目的 探讨冠心病危险因素与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法 对341例冠状动脉造影患者可能伴有的危险因素进行询问和检测。结果 (1)冠状动脉造影显示有病变者214例,冠状动脉造影显示无病变者127例。两组的年龄、糖尿病病史、高脂血症史、冠心病家族史、吸烟史、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇／高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比率(TC／HDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、纤维蛋白原(Fbg)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)比较,差异均有显著性。(2)冠状动脉造影显示有病变者其病变积分与危险因素的相关性依次排列为hs-CRP、Lp(a)、TC／HDL-C、Fbg、高脂血症史、TC、LDL-C和甘油三酯(r=0．338、0．250、0．241、0．207、0．167、0．147、0．140和0．139)。(3)对冠状动脉造影患者与危险因素应用ROC曲线分析结果依次为hs-CRP、TC／HDL-C、Lp(a)、Fbg、LDL-C、高脂血症史,其ROC曲线下面积比分别是0．810、0．669、0．626、0．625、0．619和0．618。结论 高脂血症史是冠心病发生的预告信号,脂质检查项目中对冠心病的预测作用以TC／HDL-C和Lp(a)为优;提示当前冠状动脉炎性损伤以hs-CRP为优。     

TC／HDL-C与hs-CRP的检测在冠心病诊断中的意义

目的研究血清超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）与总胆固醇（TC）／高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（CHD）的诊断价值。方法选取260例住院行冠状动脉造影的患者。所有患者术前取静脉血测定hs-CRP和血脂（TC、HDL-C）水平。根据冠状动脉造影结果将患者分为两组：冠心病组和冠状动脉正常组。比较两组hs-CRP及TC／HDL-C升高与冠心病的相关程度。结果冠心病组患者的hs-CRP浓度和TC／HDL-C均显著高于冠状动脉正常组，P〈0．01。另外，hs-CRP浓度在二支及三支病变组显著高于单支病变组，P〈0．01；三支病变组显著高于二支病变组，P〈0．05。联合hs-CRP和TC／HDL-C两种指标，对冠心病患者诊断阳性率（96．0％）高于hs-CRP（86．0％）和TC／HDL-C（78．7％）单一指标。结论血hs-CRP与冠状动脉病变密切相关，而且与病变的严重程度呈正相关，可以作为对冠状动脉病变程度的估测指标。联合血脂的危险预测模式明显比单独的hs-CRP对冠心病诊断符合率高，即hs-CRP和血脂均高时患冠心病的可能性更大。     

血清尿酸和血脂检测在冠心病中的临床意义

目的 探讨血清尿酸(SUA )、血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)检测结果与冠心病相关关系及其临床意义.方法 选取确诊冠心病病例153例为冠心病组,健康体检病例150例为健康对照组,测定两组SUA和血脂,并进行分析.结果 与健康对照组比较,冠心病组的SUA (498.4±73.4)μmol/L、血清TC (6.2±2.3 )mmol/L,TG (3.3±1.0 )mmol/L,LDL-C水平显著增高(4.2±1.6) mmol/L (P<0.05),HDL-C水平显著降低(1.1±0.5)mmol/L(P<0.05 ).结论 冠心病的发病与高SUA、高TC,高TG、高LDL-C及低HDL-C相关,联合检测SUA、血脂对冠心病病情监测具有一定价值.     

广州市区2～6岁健康儿童及心血管病家族史儿童血脂水平分析

目的①调查广州市区2～6岁健康散居儿童血脂的正常参考值、临界值、危险值;②调查2 -6岁健康散居儿童高血脂症发生率;③心血管病家族史对儿童血脂的影响。方法对1541例广州市区2—6 岁健康散居儿童空腹12小时以上抽取静脉血,检测其血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)。结果 2～6岁健康散居儿童的TC、TG、LDL—C正常值(百分位法)分别为<4．56 mmol／L、<1．00 mmol／L、<2．74 mmol／L,危险值分别为>5．36 mmol／L、>1．43 mmol／L、 >3．30mmol／L;血脂异常的总检出率为7．75％;心血管家族史阳性的儿童的血脂TC、HDL-C、LDL—C与正常儿童比较有显著差别(P<0．01)。结论冠心病、动脉粥样硬化的危险因素——血脂异常早在2—6岁健康儿童中已存在一定比例,应早期进行血脂筛查和饮食干预,小儿高脂血症应早期预防。     

北京地区健康人血脂水平和血脂谱现状调查

目的:调查北京地区人群血脂水平和血脂谱现状,为血脂水平划分和血脂异常防治提供客观依据。方法:生活水平较好的男性1752例,女性761例为调查对象,从20～90岁,每10岁1个年龄组各分为7组。按血脂测定标准化方法测定总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)4项血脂水平。结果:TC水平最高男性为5.30mmol/L、女性为5.99mmol/L,高水平年龄在71～80岁;TG水平最高男性为1.87mmol/L,女性为1.77mmol/L,年龄在41～70岁;HDL-C最低水平为1.25mmol/L,各年龄段均在合适水平;LDL-C最高男性为3.46mmol/L,女性为3.78mmol/L,年龄在71～80岁。健康人异常脂蛋白血症发生率(按我国“血脂异常防治建议”血脂水平划分方案划分)为TC36.7%,TG31.22%,HDL-C2.84%,LDL-C12.68%。结论:健康人TC、HDL-C、LDL-C整体水平与90年代相似;TG水平比90年代明显增高。血脂谱以异常高TC占首位,依次为TG、LDL-C、HDL-C。高TG血症发生率(31.22%)与高TC血症发生率(36.7%)相差不多,应重视高TG血症防治。建议人群血脂水平为TC:合适水平<5.72mmol/L;边缘升高5.72～6.24mmol/L;危险水平>6.24mmol/L。TG:合适水平<2.00mmol/L;边缘升高2.00～3.39mmol/L;危险水平>3.39mmol/L。HDL-C:>1.04mmol/L为安全水平;<0.     

急性心肌梗死早期的血脂分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死早期血脂变化特点.方法 267例疑诊或确诊为冠心病的患者,均行冠状动脉造影(CAG).根据病史、实验室检查及CAG分三组:冠脉正常组、急性心肌梗死组、非急性心肌梗死组.所有患者均于入院次日化验血脂.结果急性心肌梗死组早期(发病24～36 h内)血脂水平已出现明显变化:总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白(Apo)A均下降.与冠脉正常组相比,TC、TG、LDL-C差异无统计学意义;与非急性心肌梗死组相比,TC、LDL-C、ApoA差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论急性心肌梗死早期血脂TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、ApoA降低,不应以此时的水平作依据,而应早期积极干预治疗.     

彰武县中学生血脂水平及异常分布特征调查

目的了解高血压及心脑血管疾病高发区中学生血脂水平及异常情况,以便采取干预措施。方法在彰武县农村随机抽取6所中学,对抽取的全部学生进行调查并测定血清胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及体格检查。结果(1)调查学生TC为(3.52±0.65)mmol/L,TG为(0.94±0.53)mmol/L,LDL-C为(1.71±0.49)mmol/L,HDL-C为(1.32±0.41)mmol/L。TC、TG和LDL-C女生均高于男生,差异有统计学意义。(2)各年龄组之间血脂呈交替高低变化。(3)肥胖组TC、TG水平均高于体重正常组,HDL-C水平则是肥胖组低于体重正常组,差异有统计学意义。(4)女生TC、TG和LDL-C的异常率略高于男生,而HDL-C异常率发生水平则男生略高于女生。(5)4种指标在不同年龄组中异常率的发生无随年龄增高而增高的趋势。(6)TG异常情况在肥胖组高于体重正常组,差异有统计学意义。结论该地区青少年空腹血TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平低于全国大部分地区城市健康青少年水平。     

低密度脂蛋白与高密度脂蛋白水平之比与冠心病的关系

目的探讨LDL-C／HDL．C比值与冠心病的关系。方法回顾性分析198例选择性冠脉造影的病人,其中冠心病组（冠状动脉狭窄至少有1支以上／〉50％）125例;非冠心病组（冠状动脉狭窄〈50％）73例。分析两组间血脂各项（TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、LDL-C／HDL-C）是否有差异性;LDL-C、HDL-C、LDL-C／HDL-C与急性冠脉综合征的关系。血HDL-C、TG、TC用酶法,均用7080型全自动分析仪测定,LDL-C用Friedewald公式计算。结果（1）TC、TG、LDL-C、LDL-C／HDL-C冠心病组比非冠心病组高（TC、TG、P〈0．05：LDL-C、LDL-C／HDL-C,P〈0．01）。冠心病组HDL-C低于非冠心病组（P〈0．05）。（2）LDL-C／HDL-C急性冠脉综合征组比非急性冠脉综合征组高（P〈0．05）。结论（1）冠心病患者TC、TG、LDL-C、LDL-C／HDL-C升高、HDL-C降低。（2）LDL-C／HDL-C比值升高是急性冠脉综合征的一项比较敏感的预测因子,检测LDL-C／HDL-C比值对防治冠心病及预测其严重性具有一定的临床价值。     

老年冠心病、脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸与血糖、脂蛋白、血尿酸之间的关系

目的探讨老年冠心病、脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)与空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、脂蛋白[Lp(a)]、尿酸(UA)的关系。方法测定107例住院老年冠心病和脑梗死患者血清Hcy、FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、LP(a)、UA等指标,并根据Hcy升高与否分为两组,比较两组FBG、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、LP(a)、UA的数值。结果Hcy升高组(A组)患者FBG、LP(a)、UA高于Hcy正常组(B组)。A组:FBG(5.51±1.30)mmol/L,TC(4.15±0.71)mmol/L,TG(1.39±1.06)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.08±0.32)mmol/L,LDL-C(2.47±0.73)mmol/L,Lp(a)(34.67±4.08)mg/dl,UA(374.11±9.87)μmol/L。B组:FBG(4.44±0.71)mmol/L,TC(4.03±1.89)mmol/L,TG(1.22±0.76)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.12±0.36)mmol/L,LDL-C(2.35±0.60)mmol/L,LP(a)(24.09±3.93)mg/dl,UA(326.79±11.96)μmol/L。两组间:FBG、LP(a)、UA差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组间:TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论FBG、LP(a)、UA与血清Hcy密切相关。     

TC/HDL-C与hs-CRP的检测在冠心病诊断中的意义

目的研究血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与总胆固醇(TC)/高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)的诊断价值。方法选取260例住院行冠状动脉造影的患者。所有患者术前取静脉血测定hs-CRP和血脂(TC、HDL-C)水平。根据冠状动脉造影结果将患者分为两组:冠心病组和冠状动脉正常组。比较两组hs-CRP及TC/HDL-C升高与冠心病的相关程度。结果冠心病组患者的hs-CRP浓度和TC/HDL-C均显著高于冠状动脉正常组,P<0.01。另外,hs-CRP浓度在二支及三支病变组显著高于单支病变组,P<0.01;三支病变组显著高于二支病变组,P<0.05。联合hs-CRP和TC/HDL-C两种指标,对冠心病患者诊断阳性率(96.0%)高于hs-CRP(86.0%)和TC/HDL-C(78.7%)单一指标。结论血hs-CRP与冠状动脉病变密切相关,而且与病变的严重程度呈正相关,可以作为对冠状动脉病变程度的估测指标。联合血脂的危险预测模式明显比单独的hs-CRP对冠心病诊断符合率高,即hs-CRP和血脂均高时患冠心病的可能性更大。     

Coaching patients with coronary heart disease to achieve the target cholesterol: a method to bridge the gap between evidence-based medicine and the "real world"--randomized controlled trial

Community studies have demonstrated suboptimal achievement of lipid targets in the management of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). An effective strategy is required for the application of evidence-based prevention therapy for CHD. The objective of this study was to test coaching as a technique to assist patients in achieving the target cholesterol level of <4.5 mmol/L. Patients with established CHD (n = 245) underwent a stratified randomization by cardiac procedure (coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention) to receive either the coaching intervention (n = 121) or usual medical care (n = 124). The primary outcome measure was fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), serum triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level, measured at 6 months post-randomization. At 6 months, the serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in the coaching intervention group (n = 107) than the usual care group (n = 112): mean TC (95%CI) 5.00 (4.82-5.17) mmol/L versus 5.54 (5.36-5.72) mmol/L (P <.0001); mean LDL-C (95%CI) 3.11 (2.94-3.29) mmol/L versus 3.57 (3.39-3.75) mmol/L (P <.0004), respectively. Coaching had no impact on TG or on HDL-C levels. Multivariate analysis showed that being coached (P <.001) had an effect of equal magnitude to being prescribed lipid-lowering drug therapy (P <.001). The effectiveness of the coaching intervention is best explained by both adherence to drug therapy and to dietary advice given. Coaching may be an appropriate method to reduce the treatment gap in applying evidence-based medicine to the "real world."     

北京社区体检人群餐后与空腹血脂水平的比较分析及意义

目的:探讨非空腹血脂异常判定标准在北京社区人群中应用的可行性。方法:采用自身对照研究。中国中医科学院广安门医院检验科于2018年1至10月招募社区体检者839名(男性292名,女性547名),年龄中位数(四分位间距)为60(54, 66)岁,同时检测空腹和标准餐后4 h血脂谱水平,采用配对 t检验或者配对非参数检验比较空腹和餐后4 h血脂水平,空腹血脂分层下的餐后4 h血脂水平变化和餐后血脂异常百分比分别采用方差分析和卡方检验分析。 结果:与空腹相比,餐后4 h血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)降低和载脂蛋白B(ApoB)轻微降低,残粒脂蛋白胆固醇(RLP-C)升高0.27 mmol/L、甘油三酯(TG)升高0.72 mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义( t值或 Z值分别为10.26, 22.94, 24.22, 4.71, 16.61, 26.92, -23.58, -19.35, P<0. 05)。参照国外非空腹血脂异常截断值标准,空腹合适水平组TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、non-HDL-C、TG和RLP-C分别有10.0%、16.6%、10.1%、12.3%、30.0%和34.9%的人群处于餐后血脂异常升高水平。TC、LDL-C、non-HDL-C和HDL-C的餐后4 h变化程度均随空腹水平的升高而增加( F值分别为9.50, 6.18, 8.07, 3.86, P<0.01),最大变化程度TC≤3.5%、LDL-C≤6.8%、non-HDL-C≤2.9%、HDL-C≤6.3%;RLP-C的餐后4 h变化程度随空腹水平的升高而减少(50.8% vs. 33.2%, F=10.40, P<0.01),TG的餐后4 h变化程度随空腹水平的升高先增加后减少(51.3% vs. 57.9% vs. 39.2%, F=19.05, P<0.01)。在空腹血脂异常分层标准基础上建立餐后4 h血脂异常浓度截断值为TC≥5.1 mmol/L、LDL-C≥3.2 mmol/L、HDL-C≤0.9 mmol/L、non-HDL-C≥4.0 mmol/L和RLP-C≥1.0 mmol/L,TG边缘升高和升高组截断值分别为≥2.2 mmol/L和≥3.4 mmol/L。 结论:初步建立社区人群餐后TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、non-HDL-C和RLP-C的异常浓度截断值,可应用于体检人群常规血脂谱评价;建议餐后TG采取不同水平的异常浓度截断值进行分层管理。     

慢性三氯化镧暴露对大鼠血糖和血脂水平的影响

目的探讨稀土元素镧的慢性暴露对大鼠血糖、血脂的影响。方法分别以0.1、2和40 mg/kg剂量的三氯化镧(LaC l3)给大鼠经口灌胃,每天1次,90 d后处死;取全血测定糖化血红蛋白(HbA1 c),分离血清测定血糖(G lu)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平。结果与对照组相比,3个LaC l3暴露剂量组大鼠HbA1C、血清G lu、TG和LDL-C水平无统计学意义;0.1和2 mg/kg剂量LaC l3暴露组大鼠血清TC水平分别为(1.38±0.14)mmol/L和(1.37±0.26)mmol/L,与对照组大鼠(1.57±0.14)mmol/L相比有明显降低;0.1 mg/kg剂量LaC l3暴露组大鼠血清HDL-C为(0.79±0.12)mmol/L,比对照组大鼠(0.93±0.10)mmol/L有明显降低。结论0.1~40 mg/kg LaC l3慢性暴露对大鼠血清G lu、TG和LDL-C水平无显著影响;低、中剂量LaC l3慢性暴露可使大鼠血清TC和HDL-C降低。     

不同年龄和性别血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉病变的关系探讨

目的：探讨不同年龄和性别的冠心病患者血清非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（non-HDL-C）水平与冠状动脉病变的关系。方法：选取530例行选择性冠状动脉造影的患者,分别测定总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,并计算出non-HDL-C的含量（non-HDL-C=TC-HDL-C）。结果：①冠脉造影阳性组血清non-HDL-C显著高于阴性组（P〈0.01）,并且随冠脉病变支数增多,血清non-HDL-C水平也增高。②Logistic回归结果显示在冠造阳性和阴性、1支病变与多支病变的比较中non-HDL-C的OR值分别是OR=1.032（95%C I1.011-1.049）和OR=1.007（95%C I1.002-1.012）,略强于LDL-C;③冠状动脉病变支数、程度与脂质成份的逐步回归显示,non-HDL-C是年龄小于55岁的男性患者组中最主要的相关因素。结论：血清non-HDL-C是一项与冠状动脉病变相关的,且优于LDL-C的指标,特别在年龄小于55岁的男性患者中。这将对临床降non-HDL-C治疗时,选择合适人群提供有力的依据。     

Pinto bean consumption reduces biomarkers for heart disease risk

OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of daily intake of 1/2 cup pinto beans, black-eyed peas or carrots (placebo) on risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in free-living, mildly insulin resistant adults over an 8 week period. METHODS: Randomized, crossover 3x3 block design. Sixteen participants (7 men, 9 women) received each treatment for eight-weeks with two-week washouts. Fasting blood samples collected at beginning and end of periods were analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, insulin, glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. RESULTS: A significant treatment-by-time effect impacted serum TC (p = 0.026) and LDL (p = 0.033) after eight weeks. Paired t-tests indicated that pinto beans were responsible for this effect (p = 0.003; p = 0.008). Mean change of serum TC for pinto bean, black-eyed pea and placebo were -19 +/- 5, 2.5 +/- 6, and 1 +/- 5 mg/dL, respectively (p = 0.011). Mean change of serum LDL-C for pinto bean, black-eyed pea and placebo were -14 +/- 4, 4 +/- 5, and 1 +/- 4 mg/dL, in that order (p = 0.013). Pinto beans differed significantly from placebo (p = 0.021). No significant differences were seen with other blood concentrations across the 3 treatment periods. CONCLUSIONS: Pinto bean intake should be encouraged to lower serum TC and LDL-C, thereby reducing risk for CHD.     

老年男性睾酮水平与冠心病发病危险因素的相关性分析

目的探讨老年男性睾水平与冠心病发病危险因素的相关性。方法用化学发光法测定84例经冠状动脉造影证实为冠心病(CHD)组的患者及31例经冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉病变的对照组血清睾酮水平,同时测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),并调查年龄、体质指数(BMI)、血压、是否吸烟。根据冠状动脉造影检查结果判断狭窄程度并累积积分。结果冠心病组睾酮水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义[(3.12±1.45)vs(4.58±1.12)μg/L,t=5.071,P=0.000)];CHD组高血压,糖尿病的比例高于对照组(P均﹤0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,血清睾酮为CHD独立危险因素;血清睾酮与CHD冠状动脉狭窄程度呈负相关。结论血清睾酮水平降低可能也是老年男性冠心病发病的危险因素之一,在预防老年男性冠心病危险因素的同时也应关注血清睾酮降低的防治。     

Cholesterol controversy: cutoff point of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in Guidelines by Japan Atherosclerosis Society

In 2007, the Japan Atherosclerosis Society published the Guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. However, the guidelines have several flaws with regard to the cutoff level of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). First, LDL-C level is used instead of serum total cholesterol (TC) level in the guidelines. In this case, they must show at least some basic data on the relationship between LDL-C level and mortality or morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD). Second, it was recommended that the LDL-C level be below 140 mg/dL or 3.6 mmol/L (corresponding to a TC level of 220 mg/dL or 5.7 mmol/L, respectively). These levels are unreasonable considering that the TC levels of 240-260 mg/dL are optimal in terms of all-cause mortality for the Japanese population. Third, although there are big differences in mortality and morbidity from CHD between sexes, they discussed the matter without considering these differences. Last but not least, the conflict of interest of the editors of the guidelines has never been disclosed. The Japanese population has a lower CHD mortality and incidence than populations from other industrialized countries despite an increase in serum TC level in the former. In populations with a markedly lower coronary mortality or morbidity such as the Japanese population, it is still important to determine the optimal cutoff level of LDL-C to prevent the development of CHD and other atherosclerotic diseases.     

三酰甘油与青年冠状动脉粥样硬化病变关系的研究

目的 探讨三酰甘油(TG)对青年冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄严重程度及病变血管范围的影响.方法 对行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的93例青年冠心病患者(<45岁)的临床资料进行回顾性分析.按TG测定结果分为I组(TG<1.70 mmol/L,36例)、Ⅱ组(1.70 mmol/L≤TG≤2.25mmol/L,19例)、Ⅲ组(TG>2.25mmol/L,38例),对比各组冠状动脉狭窄严重程度及病变血管范围的差异.结果 93例患者中男性占94.62%(88/93)、吸烟者占83.87%(78/93).III组的总胆固醇、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇明显高于I组(P=0.006、0.003),三组间低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇及空腹血糖比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.648、0.795、0.247).三组患者的冠状动脉病变血管范围、狭窄严重程度比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.241、0.879).结论 高TG血症对青年冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄严重程度及病变血管范围无影响,不是冠心病患者病情严重程度的决定性因素.     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白A V与脂联素关系研究

目的 探讨冠心病患者血清载脂蛋白(Apo)AV与脂联素之间的关系.方法 检测59例冠心病患者(冠心病组)和40例对照者(对照组)的血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、ApoA I、ApoB,同时采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清ApoAV和脂联素水平.结果 冠心病组血清TG显著高于对照组[(1.79±1.28)mmol/L比(1.27±0.79)mmol/L],HDL-C显著低于对照组[(1.17±0.25)mmol/L比(1.29±0.26)mmol/L],ApoAV显著低于对照组[(186.71±78.20)μg/L比(250.29±110.38)μg/L],脂联素亦显著低于对照组[(3.81±0.15)mg,L比(5.33±0.37)mg/L],P<0.05或<0.01.ApoAV与TG呈负相关 r=-0.208,P=0.040),与HDL-C(r=0.241,P=0.016)、脂联素(r=0.238,P=0.018)呈正相关.结论 冠心病患者血清ApoAV和脂联素水平降低,TG水平增高.ApoAV与脂联素共同影响动脉粥样硬化的发展.     

Phytosterols/stanols lower cholesterol concentrations in familial hypercholesterolemic subjects: a systematic review with meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: To-date, reviews regarding the cholesterol lowering capacity of phytosterols/stanols have focused on normo- and hypercholesterolemic (HC) subjects. Familial hypercholestrolemia (FH) is characterized by very high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and is considered a world public health problem due to the high incidence of premature coronary heart disease (CHD) in these patients. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review that investigates the efficacy of phytosterols/stanols in lowering total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-C concentrations in FH subjects. DESIGN: Randomized controlled intervention trials with the primary objective to investigate the effects of phytosterols/stanols on lipid concentrations in FH subjects were identified through selected international journal databases and reference lists of relevant publications. Two researchers extracted data from each identified trial and only trials of sufficient quality (e.g. controlled, randomized, double-blind, good compliance, sufficient statistical power) were included in the review. The main outcome measures were differences between treatment and control groups for LDL-C, TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triacylglycerol (TG). RESULTS: Six out of 13 studies were of sufficient quality. Two were excluded from the meta-analysis because the sterols were administered in the granulate form at very high dosages (12 g/day and 24 g/day) compared to the other studies that used fat spreads as vehicle with dosages ranging from 1.6-2.8 g/day. The subjects were heterozygous, aged 2-69 years with baseline TC and LDL-C concentrations of +/-7 mmol/L and +/-5.4 mmol/L, respectively. The duration of the studies ranged from 4 weeks to 3 months. Fat spreads enriched with 2.3 +/- 0.5 g phytosterols/stanols per day significantly reduced TC from 7 to 11% with a mean decrease of 0.65 mmol/L [95% CI -0.88, -0.42 mmol/L], p < 0.00001 and LDL-C from 10-15% with a mean decrease of 0.64 mmol/L [95% CI -0.86, -0.43 mmol/L], p < 0.00001 in 6.5 +/- 1.9 weeks compared to control treatment, without any adverse effects. TG and HDL-C concentrations were not affected. CONCLUSION: Phytosterols/stanols may offer an effective adjunct to the cholesterol lowering treatment strategy of FH patients.