体外循环术中肺动脉灌注低温保护液对肺的保护作用研究

目的:探讨体外循环术中肺动脉灌注低温保护液对肺保护的作用。方法:将72例体外循环术患者随机分为观察组与对照组,每组36例,观察组术中给予肺动脉灌注低温保护液,对照组则不灌注,观察两组患者的氧指数及气道阻力情况。结果:观察组患者术后的氧指数及气道阻力均优于对照组患者,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:体外循环术中肺动脉灌注低温保护液对肺有较好的保护作用,能够减少或减轻术后肺损伤,值得临床进一步推广使用。     

含银杏叶提取物的肺保护液对心内直视术患者肺的保护作用

目的探讨体外循环（CPB）期间肺动脉灌注低温含银杏叶提取物的肺保护液对MDA、IL-6和TNF-α的影响，观察其对肺脏的保护作用。方法30例二尖辩置换术患者随机等分为保护组和对照组，均在CPB下行心内直视术，保护组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温含银杏叶提取物的保护液，对照组灌注等量生理盐水，其他处理与保护组相同。监测CPB前和CPB后0．6、12和24h患者的血氧指数、血浆丙二醛（MDA）、肿瘤坏死因子仪（TNF-α）及白细胞介素6（IL-6）的变化，并观察肺组织形态学改变。结果保护组各时点血氧指数均高于对照组（P〈O．05），CPB后血浆MDA、IL-6和TNF-α水平较术前升高（P〈O．05）；在CPB后各时间点，肺保护组患者血浆IL-6、TNF-α和MDA均低于对照组（P〈O．05）；对照组肺组织可见中性粒细胞浸润、肺间质水肿、肺泡壁小血管扩张、充血，保护组肺组织炎性反应较轻微。结论CPB可引起患者术后血浆MDA、IL-6和TNF-α水平升高；经肺动脉灌注低温含银杏叶提取物的肺保护液可抑制心内直视术后患者血浆MDA、IL-6以及TNF-α的表达，减轻肺组织的炎性损伤。     

肺动脉灌注去白细胞肺保护液对体外循环肺的保护作用

目的 探讨肺动脉灌注去白细胞肺保护液对体外循环(CPB)肺的保护作用及其机制.方法 将30例CPB下行二尖瓣置换术患者随机分为3组:去白细胞肺保护组(A组)、普通肺保护组(B组)及对照组(C组),每组10例.A组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温去白细胞肺保护液;B组CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液,C组患者常规行瓣膜置换术.监测3组患者术中主动脉阻断时间、CPB时间、术前术后平均肺动脉压力(PAPm)、气道阻力(AR)及静态肺顺应性(CLS)的变化、术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU监护时间和住院时间以及术后并发症发生情况等;测定3组患者CPB前和CPB后0、6、12、24 h血清丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化.结果 3组患者手术顺利,均痊愈出院,无术后并发症.3组术中主动脉阻断时间、CPB时间、术后ICU监护时间、住院时间及CPB前血清MDA、IL-6、TNF-α含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);A、B组的术后呼吸机辅助时间、CPB后0、6、12、24 h呼吸指数(RI)、氧合指数(OI)、血清MDA、IL-6、TNF-α及术前、术后PAPm、CLS、AR变化与C组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);临床及生化指标在A、B组比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 CPB期间肺动脉灌注去白细胞肺保护液可明显减轻CPB肺损伤,与单纯CPB期间经肺动脉灌注低温肺保护液比较,两者肺保护效果无明显差别.     

洗涤红细胞保护液肺动脉灌注对体外循环术后肺损伤的影响

目的观察心内直视手术中采用低温洗涤红细胞保护液肺动脉灌注对肺损伤的影响。方法选择风湿性二尖瓣病变伴中重度肺动脉高压(PH)的患者30例,分为肺动脉灌注组和对照组(各15例)。灌注组在升主动脉阻断后,经主肺动脉间断灌注低温洗涤红细胞保护液,测定并记录两组患者围术期的肺血管阻力(PVR)、静脉血与动脉血白细胞计数比值(V/A)、肺循环血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量及氧合指数(OI)、机械辅助通气时间。结果(1)PVR:转流结束即刻、术后12、24h灌注组(46·4kPa·s·L-1±8·1kPa·s·L-1、48·5kPa·s·L-1±7·0kPa·s·L-1、36·1kPa·s·L-1±6·3kPa·s·L-1)明显低于对照组(65·7kPa·s·L-1±5·3kPa·s·L-1、79·8kPa·s·L-1±8·7kPa·s·L-1、47·9kPa·s·L-1±7·1kPa·s·L-1,均P<0·05)。(2)MDA含量:转流结束即刻、术后12、24h灌注组(分别为14·3mmol/L±0·8mmol/L、16·1mmol/L±0·7mmol/L、13·3mmol/L±0·5mmol/L)明显低于对照组(18·9mmol/L±0·9mmol/L、21·6mmol/L±0·4mmol/L、22·5mmol/L±0·7mmol/L,均P<0·05)。(3)V/A比值:转流结束即刻、术后12h灌注组(1·16±0·05、1·20±0·05)明显低于对照组(1·53±0·07、1·68±0·25,均P<0·01)。(4)OI:转流结束即刻、术后12、24h灌注组(370±33、388±41、414±40)明显高于对照组(217±30、210±36、222±33,均P<0·05)。(5)机械辅助通气时间:灌注组(13h±4h)显著低于对照组(27h±6h,P<0·01)。结论洗涤红细胞保护液肺动脉灌注可以减轻体外循环术后肺损伤。     

自体肺体外循环对肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用研究

目的:探讨自体肺体外循环对肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法:16只健康成年杂种犬随机分为实验组和对照组,每组8只.实验组为自体肺体外循环组,利用犬自体肺作为氧合器,对照组利用鼓泡式氧合器.实验组同时行左心和右心转流,对照组行常规转流.两组采用相同的心肌保护(冷晶体停跳液),两组体外循环均持续1h,于体外循环前、停机第5、30、60、90min后分别测定:右、左心房白细胞记数,并记算其比值;肺动脉压;动脉血氧分压.两组于体外循环前、体外循环结束后,分别取肺标本(3cm×3cm×2cm)行病理学检查.结果:体外循环后右、左心房白细胞比值自体肺组低于常规体外循环组;体外循环后自体肺组肺动脉压低于常规体外循环组,其中第30、60、90min时间点有显著性差异;自体肺组体外循环后动脉血氧分压高于常规体外循环组,差异有显著性.肺标本组织学检查示:体外循环后自体肺组肺标本毛细血管轻度淤血,轻度中性粒细胞及淋巴细胞聚集;无肺水肿、肺不张;肺泡腔隙基本正常,无明显肺组织损伤性改变.人工肺组体外循环后毛细血管、小静脉严重淤血,中性粒细胞显著聚集.结论:自体肺体外循环组有较好的肺保护作用,减轻了缺血再灌注对肺的炎症损伤.     

含抑肽酶的低温保护液肺动脉灌注对体外循环术后肺的保护作用

目的　研究体外循环 ( cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)期间低温保护液肺动脉灌注对肺的保护作用。方法　 12只杂种犬随机分为对照组和实验组。主动脉阻断后 ,对照组经右肺动脉灌注 4℃乳酸林格液 ,实验组经右肺动脉灌注4℃含抑肽酶的低温保护液。开放主动脉并停 CPB后收集肺静脉血标本进行生化分析 ,测定肺功能并进行组织学检查。结果　实验组气道压在 CPB结束后显著低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;两组右肺静脉血氧分压在 CPB结束后 30 ,60 min均较左肺静脉血氧分压高 ,实验组右肺静脉血氧分压在停 CPB60 min时显著高于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;实验组右房 /右肺静脉白细胞比值和脂质过氧化物 ( malondialdehyde,MDA)在开放主动脉后 5min明显低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 5) ;组织学观察提示两组左肺均有明显肺泡内出血和间质水肿 ,对照组右肺病理改变较左肺轻 ,实验组右肺组织结构基本正常。结论　 CPB期间肺动脉灌注含抑肽酶的低温保护液可以明显减轻 CPB对肺造成的损伤     

低温肺保护液肺动脉灌注对首次单纯二尖瓣置换病人的肺保护作用

目的 :研究体外循环期间低温保护液肺动脉灌注对单纯二尖瓣置换病人的肺保护作用。方法 :将 2 0例单纯二尖瓣置换病人随机分为对照组和实验组。实验组在主动脉阻断后、主动脉根部灌注心脏停搏液的同时 ,经肺动脉灌注 4℃含抑肽酶、沐舒坦的低温保护液 ,对照组则不灌注肺保护液 ,分别于术前、开放升主动脉后 2 0 min、体外循环结束时采集外周动脉血 ,进行中性粒细胞计数 ,分别于术前、体外循环结束后 0、3、6和 1 2 h检测动脉血氧分压 ( Pa O2 )、吸入氧浓度 ( Fi O2 ) ,计算氧指数 ( Pa O2 /Fi O2 )及肺泡 -动脉氧压力差 ( P〔 A-a〕O2 )。结果 :对照组在升主动脉开放 2 0 min中性粒细胞计数较术前明显降低 ,实验组的中性粒细胞计数在体外循环结束时明显高于术前 ,实验组与对照组的 Pa O2 /Fi O2 在体外循环结束后 6h达到最低点 ,实验组的氧指数在体外循环结束后 1 2 h回升接近术前正常水平 ,而对照组则未回升至术前正常水平。在体外循环结束后 0、3、6和 1 2 h,实验组的 Pa O2 /Fi O2 均明显高于对照组。再灌注 60 min后实验组 P〔 A-a〕O2 明显低于对照组。实验组气道阻力在体外循环后各时间点明显低于对照组。结论 :体外循环后存在肺损伤 ,使用含抑肽酶低温肺动脉灌注液可明显减轻首次单纯二尖瓣置换     

肺动脉灌注HTK液对肺动脉高压先心病患儿术后的肺保护作用

目的  研究体外循环期间肺动脉灌注HTK保护液对合并肺动脉高压的先心病患儿的肺保护作用。方法  将40例合并肺动脉高压的先心病患儿随机分为灌注组（体外循环+HTK液肺动脉灌注,n＝20）和对照组（体外循环, n＝20）,进行心内畸形矫治,并于麻醉前、主动脉开放时、开放后6 、12 、24h 分别抽取动脉血样,测定血清中白介素-6（IL-6）和丙二醛（MDA）的浓度,并在相应的时间点抽取动脉血样行血气分析,计算各时间点的呼吸指数（RI）及氧和指数（OI）。结果  术后两组患儿血清中IL-6和MDA的浓度较术前明显升高,但灌注组明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。灌注组患儿术后的RI及OI明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论  体外循环期间行肺动脉灌注HTK液对合并肺动脉高压的先心病患儿有一定的肺保护作用。     

体外循环中肺动脉灌注和间断肺通气的肺保护作用

目的: 探讨肺动脉灌注4℃含氧冷血和间断肺通气对体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)肺损伤的保护作用?方法: 将30例符合条件的心脏手术患者采用随机数字表法分为两组:肺保护组(n=15):CPB期间经肺动脉间断灌注4℃含氧冷血,并在灌注期间给予间断肺通气;对照组(n=15):常规行心脏手术?记录呼吸机支持时间;分别在CPB前和CPB结束及结束后1?6 h测算氧合指数(OI)?呼吸指数(RI)?肺气道阻力(Raw)和肺静态顺应性(Cstat)?结果: 术后肺保护组呼吸机支持时间明显短于对照组(P < 0.05),肺保护组CPB结束后1?6 h OI?Cstat均显著高于对照组(P < 0.05或P <0.01),而RI?Raw均显著低于对照组(P <0.05和P < 0.01)?结论: 肺动脉含氧冷血间断灌注及间断肺通气对CPB肺损伤有良好的保护作用?     

白细胞过滤对肺保护作用的临床研究

目的探讨心肺再灌注早期循环血白细胞过滤对体外循环(Extracorporeal c ircu lation,ECC)心瓣膜置换术患者的肺保护作用。方法52例心瓣膜置换术患者,随机分成实验组(EG)和对照组(CG)。实验组在动脉旁路上并行安装白细胞滤器(Pall LG-6),白细胞滤器开放时间在心肺再灌注前5 m in~10 m in至ECC结束;对照组仅用ECC常规动脉滤器。观察术中及术后循环血白细胞计数、再灌注肺内白细胞隔离、ECC前后肺动脉压改变、机械辅助通气和动脉血气分析。结果①在心肺再灌注前,白细胞过滤可显著降低循环血中的白细胞计数;②再灌注15 m in时白细胞过滤对肺内白细胞隔离的影响并不明显;③白细胞过滤可缓和ECC后肺动脉压力的上升;④白细胞过滤可显著降低术后呼吸指数(R I)和提高机械通气氧合指数(O I)。结论再灌注前及再灌注早期循环血白细胞过滤可明显改善心瓣膜置换术患者术后肺功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.