碱性成纤维细胞生长因子壳聚糖微球的研制

目的　探讨制备壳聚糖微球包裹碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)的方法。方法　采用Berthold的沉淀 /凝聚法制备壳聚糖微球 ,用此微球包裹bFGF ,对bFGF壳聚糖微球的大小、形态、含量和体外释药进行研究。结果　空白壳聚糖微球表面光滑 ,粒径范围 1.2～ 3.8μm。载药量约为 4 .6 8× 10 4U/mg ,包封率为 93.7%。体外释放试验显示 ,壳聚糖微球释放bFGF初期释药较快 ,尤其d 1有突释现象 (累计释药度约占 18.6 % ) ,随后bFGF释放速度逐渐变缓 ,d 10累计释放度约5 2 % ,d 2 0约 6 1.5 %。结论　bFGF壳聚糖微球具有较高的包封率和显著的缓释bFGF作用。      

bFGF-PLA缓释纳米微球的制备及体外释药的研究

目的制备bFGF-PLA纳米微球,观察其一般特性、载药量和包封率和缓释特性。方法应用超声乳化法制备缓释bFGF-PLA纳米微球,观察其一般特性,采用ELISA方法测定bFGF含量,并模拟体内条件研究bFGF-PLA纳米微球的体外缓释特性。结果纳米微球表面光滑圆整,球体大小均匀,平均粒径为(0.045±0.013)μm,微球包封率和载药量分别为(91.72±1.31)%和〔(27.65±0.44)×10-3〕%。微球体外释药符合Higuichi方程:突释期仅为18.37%,14d后释放度达75.72%。结论bFGF-PLA纳米微球制备工艺效果满意,具有明显的缓释作用。     

左氧氟沙星羧甲基壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及其体外释放研究

目的:探讨乳化交联法制备可植入左氧氟沙星羧甲基壳聚糖缓释微球的最佳工艺,了解微球体外释药规律.方法:按正交设计,考察不同壳聚糖浓度、投药比、交联度、乳化转速条件对质量指标的影响,选出最佳方案,进一步用转篮法检测微球的体外释放特性.结果:各因素对所制微球综合指标的影响大小依次为:壳聚糖浓度＞投药比＞乳化转速＞交联度,用优化后工艺制得微球平均粒径64.55μm,载药量21.69%,包封率58.07%,体外释放行为符合Higuchi方程,T 50为47.01 h,7 d累计释放量72.02%.结论:本法所制缓释微球工艺稳定,微球在体外具有缓释作用.     

mPEG-PLA-NGF缓释微球的制备及体外释放实验研究

目的自行设计合成一种以骨缺损修复为目的的神经生长因子缓释微球,并进行理化性能和体外释放实验。方法复乳法制备mPEG-PLA-NGF缓释微球,并观察其大小形态,用ELISA法测定微球包封率及载药量,用动态透析释药法测定体外释放率。结果微球表面光滑圆整,球体大小较均匀。微球粒径为(74.2±21.3)μm,粒径分布范围较窄。包封率和载药量分别为(77.3±1.8)%和[(2.13±0.24)×10-5]%,体外释放实验中,没有发现突释现象,24 h释放率为27.36%,微球在21 d后释放度达72.34%。结论 mPEG-PLA-NGF缓释微球具有良好的物理特性和缓释效果。     

局部用环孢素聚乳酸微球的制备

目的:采用O/W型乳化-溶剂挥发法制备环孢素聚乳酸微球,并对微球性状进行考察。方法:通过正交设计试验筛选其最佳制备工艺,用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态。采用激光粒径分析仪对微球的平均粒径分布检测,并通过高效液相色谱对微球的载药量、包封率、体外释药性能进行了研究。结果:应用通过正交设计筛选后的制备工艺,所得到环孢素聚乳酸微球的形态圆整,平均粒径为18.234μm,粒径在9.525~32.400μm的占总数的80%以上。包封率为(86.12±0.77)%,载药量为(34.51±0.63)%。环孢素-聚乳酸微球的体外释药情况为30 d,累积释药量为40.8%,在释放前期释放速率较快,5 d后释放变得平稳。结论:可获得较满意的环孢素聚乳酸微球制备工艺,且微球具有明显的缓释性能。     

SPG膜乳化法制备PEG-PLGA微球和PLGA微球载药释药特性的对比研究

目的 采用SPG膜乳化法,研究制备载蛋白药物的PEG-PLGA微球的新工艺,并比较PEG-PLGA微球和PLGA微球的载药释药特性的差异.方法 以多种PEG-PLGA为载体材料,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,采用SPG膜乳化法制备缓释微球;以载药量、包封率、体外释放、粒径等为指标,优化载体材料种类、司盘80用量等参数;采用激光共聚焦显微镜、差示扫描量热法等方法探讨PEG-PLGA微球和PLGA微球的载药释药差异的机制.结果 优化的PEG-PLGA微球形态圆整、粒径均一,平均粒径(42.89±0.21) μm,包封率和突释率分别为91.40％、16.23％,40 d累积释放率超过90％.结论 PEG-PLGA缓释微球能有效提高载药量、包封率,降低突释率,释药匀速且完全.     

吸附和包埋法制备洛美沙星淀粉微球及其体外释放比较研究

目的 制备盐酸洛美沙星淀粉微球,并对其体外释药模式进行研究。方法 以盐酸洛美沙星为模型药物,采用吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备了载药淀粉微球,通过测定微球载药量、包封率和在不同的释放介质中的体外释放情况,对上述2种方法制备的载药微球进行质量评价。结果 吸附法制备的载药微球的平均载药量为14.54 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为39.72%;而包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球的平均载药量为19.32 µg·mg^-1,药物包封率为48.95%。体外释药特性研究表明它们具有缓释特性,其中包埋载药法制备的淀粉微球比吸附载药法制备的淀粉微球有更好的缓释能力,在不同的释放介质中释药曲线也有所不同,在模拟胃液中累计释药量只能得到70%;而在模拟肠液中累计释药量能达到80%以上。结论 吸附载药法和包埋载药法制备的载药淀粉微球都具有缓释作用,但后者体外释药具有更明显的缓释效果。     

阿司匹林-蒙脱土-壳聚糖缓释微球的制备及其体外释放性能

利用溶液法预先制备壳聚糖(Cs)-蒙脱土(MMT)复合材料(Cs-MMT),以Cs-MMT、Cs为原料,采用反相悬浮聚合法制得一种新型药物缓释体系阿司匹林-蒙脱土-壳聚糖载药微球(Asp-MMT-Cs)。采用FT-IR、SEM表征了Cs-MMT和Asp-MMT-Cs载药微球的结构及形态;设计正交实验优化了Asp-MMT-Cs载药微球的制备工艺;通过体外释放实验探讨了载药微球在不同模拟释放液中的释药规律。结果表明:所得微球球形度好,粒径分布较均匀;最优工艺制得的载药微球平均粒径为81.20μm,载药量为9.61%,包封率为76.78%。该缓释体系具有pH敏感性,更倾向于在pH较高的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中释放。     

艾塞那肽缓释微球的制备和体外释放的研究

目的制备载艾塞那肽的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物[poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid),PLGA]微球,并对其体外释药特性进行考察。方法以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物为载体,采用凝聚法(W/O/O)制备载艾塞那肽缓释注射微球,建立了高效液相色谱测定艾塞那肽含量的方法和微球中药物提取方法,考察微球粒径大小、外观、包封率、载药量等理化性质,并对微球体外释放特性进行了考察。结果微球球形较圆整,平均粒径为(51.2±1.97)μm,实际载药量为(4.50±0.13)%,包封率在(96.5±2.68)%,首日突释率为(13.19±1.39)%,28 d的体外累积释放率可达(88.6±0.73)%。结论以生物可降解的PLGA为载体,用W/O/O法制备的艾塞那肽微球工艺稳定可控,重现性好,可在体外缓释一个月,在糖尿病治疗中具有良好的应用前景。     

多柔比星长效注射微球的体外释放研究

目的:考察多柔比星(Dox)微球的体外释放特性及药物在制备工艺和体外释放过程中的稳定性.方法:以乳酸-羟乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体材料,用改进的复乳法(W/O/W)制备载Dox长效注射微球;考察粒径大小、外观、包封率、载药量等理化性质;用紫外分光光度法检测了体外释放溶液中的药物含量,考察了微球的体外释药特性及影响因素;用高效液相色谱法评价了微球制备工艺和体外释放过程对Dox稳定性的影响.结果:微球球形圆整,分散性好,平均粒径为85 μm,包封率为95.1%,载药量为14.8%.随着PLGA浓度的增加,W/O体积比的减小,微球释放速度减慢,突释效应减小.制备工艺对Dox的稳定性无明显影响,而Dox在体外释放过程中随着释放时间的延长逐渐有降解峰产生,10 d后降解峰面积占2.46%.结论:用复乳法制备载Dox微球,通过对PLGA浓度和油水体积比的调节,可以得到不同释放速度的微球.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.