超声心动图评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者经皮室间隔心肌消融术后疗效

目的应用超声心动图评价肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)患者经皮室间隔心肌消融术(PTSMA)后疗效。方法收集23例行PTSMA治疗的HOCM患者,于PTSMA术前3天、术后3个月及术后1年接受超声心动图检查。获取左心室舒张末期前后径、室间隔舒张末期厚度、左室后壁舒张末期厚度、左心室射血分数、左心室流出道压力阶差等参数,对二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动评分。比较PTSMA术前3天、术后3个月及术后1年上述参数之间的差异。结果与术前相比,HOCM患者PTSMA术后3个月及术后1年IVSd、LVEF、LVOTG减小,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);术后1年LVDd增大,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而LVPWd手术前后差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);二尖瓣SAM评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PTSMA能显著改善HOCM患者左室流出道梗阻及心功能。超声心动图定量评价HOCM患者PTSMA术后疗效,可为临床提供更为精确的信息。     

经皮室间隔心肌化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病近期疗效观察

目的:评价经皮室间隔心肌化学消融(PTSMA)方法治疗的6例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)近期疗效观察。方法:6例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者,男4例,女2例;平均年龄(38.6±12)岁;病程(1~7)年,采用RAO 15°~45°体位投照下,确定靶血管后,向球囊导管中心腔内注入无水酒精,均放置临时起搏器,术中密切观察患者的心电图以及LVOTG的变化,术后所有患者均定期复查心电图及超声心动图,随访观察6个月。结果:术中消融第一间隔支者4例,消融第二间隔支者2例。术中有1例出现Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞,2例出现完全性右束支传导阻滞,均为一过性;随访观察6个月,所有患者均存活,无晕厥及心绞痛复发;经常规心电图及动态心电图观察,均无频发室早、短阵室速及其他恶性心律失常出现,复查超声心动图均提示原先肥厚的室间隔心肌变薄,搏动减弱,LVOTG下降,SAM现象消失,左室射血分数提高。结论:PTSMA治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病可使室间隔变薄,压力差降低,左室流出道梗阻减轻,患者术后的症状、体征以及超声心动图表现均较术前有显著改善,无严重并发症出现。这表明PTSMA是一种治疗HOCM的有效方法,其近期疗效可靠。     

多平面经食管超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病手术治疗中的指导价值

目的 探讨多平面经食管超声心动图(MTEE)在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病手术治疗中的指导价值.方法 应用多平面经食管超声心动图分别于术前及关胸复跳前监测6例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)经主动脉行室间隔部分肥厚心肌切除术的患者.以二维、彩色多普勒(CDFI)及频谱多普勒监测各项指标.结果 6例患者均取得良好效果.左室流出道内径增宽,压力阶差下降.二尖瓣收缩期前向运动现象消失.调整手术方式3例.并可指导心腔及大血管排气,观察室壁运动及心功能情况.结论 经食管超声心动图技术对于肥厚型梗阻性心肌病手术治疗具有重要的指导价值.     

胸腔镜联合经食管超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病Morrow手术中的应用价值

目的 研究胸腔镜联合经食管超声心动图在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病Morrow 手术中的应用价值。方法 2017年1 月至2019 年12 月我院心胸外科同一医疗组对肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者分成两组进行手术,A 组采用胸腔镜下微创手术,B 组采用正中开胸手术。A 组采用食管超声心动图对左室流出道梗阻及二尖瓣反流的诊断描述,对照胸腔镜的探查结果,分析胸腔镜联合经食管超声心动图在Morrow 手术的应用价值。结果 A 组30 例患者二尖瓣反流（MR）与左室流出道峰值压差（LVOT-PG）呈正相关。左心室舒张末期前后径（LVEDd）较术前增大,左心室射血分数（LVEF）较术前略减低,室间隔基底段舒张末期厚度（IVSd）、左室流出道峰值流速（LVOT-PV）、左室流出道峰值压差（LVOT-PG）、二尖瓣反流面积（MR）较术前明显降低;A 组与B 组相比体外循环时间、主动脉阻断时间、胸部切口长度较小,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 胸腔镜联合经食管超声心动图的Morrow 手术是一种有效、可行的治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的手术方式。手术创伤小、术后恢复快,TEE 对二尖瓣病变能做出准确的判断,有利于手术方式的抉择,值得在临床推广。     

心脏超声技术在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病中的运用

目的探讨心脏超声技术在肥厚型梗阻性心肌病中的运用。方法观察肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者60例与无心肌疾病患者60例,用心脏超声技术测量两组患者室间隔厚度,计算室间隔厚度：左室后壁厚度比值,统计左室流出道梗阻及二尖瓣前叶收缩期前移征发生情况。结果肥厚型梗阻性心肌病组患者室间隔厚度、室间隔厚度：左室后壁厚度比值明显高于无心肌疾病组,且存在左室流出道梗阻及二尖瓣前叶收缩期前移征。结论心脏超声技术对肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的诊断具特异性,可提高肥厚型梗阻性心肌病诊断准确率。     

经皮室间隔化学消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的疗效观察

观察经皮室间隔化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的疗效。回顾性分析了行PTSMA治疗的24例HOCM患者手术前后左心室流出道压力、室间隔厚度及心功能(NYHA分级)的变化。24例手术均获得成功,上述各项检测指标均得到明显改善,PTSMA是有效治疗HOCM的手段之一。     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病化学消融术治疗1例分析

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）在临床上常有发现,因室间隔非对称性肥厚,导致动态性左心室流出道梗阻为临床特征,易发生心脏性猝死。近年化学消融术（PTSMA）治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病取得了较大进展,现将1例HOCM化学消融治疗结果分析报道如下。     

PTSMA治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病疗效观察

目的:评价经皮经腔间隔消融术 (PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病 (HOCM)疗效。 方法:用心导管对 3例HOCM患者行 PTSMA术 ,分别于术前及术后 3个月、1年、2年用超声心动图测量左室流出道压力阶差 (L VOGT)、室间隔厚度 (IVST)、左室流出道宽度 (L VOT)、射血分数 (EF)值 ,并观察临床表现。 结果:随访 2年 ,患者 L VOGT、IVST值均有所下降 ,L VOT增加 ,临床症状基本缓解 ,心功能恢复至 ～ 级 ,心脏杂音降至 ～ 级。结论 :PTSMA能显著降低 L VOGT及 IVST、增加 L VOT,可将其作为难治性 HOCM的一种有效治疗方法     

室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的临床疗效分析

目的 评估室间隔化学消融术(alcohol septal ablation,ASA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy,HOCM)患者的临床疗效和安全性.方法 2001年1月至2015年1月行ASA的成年(≥18周岁)HOCM患者44例.术中实时监测静息和激发状态下的左室流出道压力阶差(left ventricular outflow tract gradient,LVOTG),并于术后3d,1、3、6、12、24个月采用超声心动图检测室间隔厚度、左室射血分数、二尖瓣反流程度、左房和左室容积、估测静息状态下LVOTG值,以及心功能状态、并发症和死亡率情况.结果 44例HOCM患者ASA术后即刻,静息LVOTG由术前(79.9±37.9) mmHg下降至(33.8 ±30.2)mmHg (P ＜0.01),激发LVOTG由术前(112.4±43.8)mmHg下降至(36.8±30.0) mmHg(P＜0.01).术后常规给予β受体阻滞剂,术后6个月随访结果显示,舒张末期左房容积由术前(113.8 ±50.3)mL下降至(97.6±45.7)mL(P ＜0.01),收缩末期或舒张末期左室容积均有明显增加,左室各节段收缩同步性升高,NYHA心功能分级有明显改善,且未出现严重并发症.结论 室间隔化学消融术治疗HOCM的安全性高,疗效显著,结合药物治疗可使患者长期获益.     

江西省首例经皮心肌内室间隔射频消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病

<正>肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)是肥厚型心肌病(HCM)中最严重的类型,约占HCM患者总数的60%,其主要表现为不对称的左室肥厚和二尖瓣收缩期前向运动引起的左室流出道梗阻,并伴有二尖瓣关闭不全和不同程度的左室舒张收缩功能障碍[1]。经皮心肌内室间隔射频消融术(PIMSRA)是空军军医大学西京医院刘丽文教授团队于2016年提出的一项国际首创的HOCM治疗方法,亦称Liwen术式。PIMSRA通过导管途径直接消融肥厚的室间隔,     

Percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in patients with hypert rophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Objective To evaluate theimmediate and follow-up results of percutaneous transluminal s eptal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyo pathy (HOCM). Methods Fifteen symptomatic, drug-refractory patients with HOCM underwent PTSMA procedu res with application of a myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) intra-proc edure. Before and after the procedure, clinical evaluations were obtained in al l patients, who were followed up for a mean period of 8. 6±3. 8 (6-20) months. Results Immediate left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG) reduction was achie ved (77. 93±22 mm Hg vs 14. 8±15 mm Hg, P&lt;0. 0001) after the procedure with a mean decrease of5. 75±2. 87 mm Hg of left ventricular end diastolic pressure (P&lt;0. 001). Follow up results revealed that ventricular remodelli ng occurred mainly 1-3 months after the procedure, but without evidence of ventr icular dilation and contract dysfunction. Heart function (NYHA) was greatly imp roved （3. 4±0. 5 vs 1. 1±0. 4, P&lt;0. 001) and exercise endurance increased . A renewed increase of LVOTG was found in 2 patients during follow-up. Conclusions LVOTG was greatly decreased in HOCM patients undergoing a PTSMA procedure, and t heir symptoms were greatly improved without cardiac complications during follow -up. Sub-selection and re-opening of target vesselswere the causes of rene wed increase of LVOTG, and this can be avoided with the accumulation ofexperie nce. This is a promising method for the treatment of symptomatic patients with HOCM.     

Left ventricular endocardial pacing predicts the reduction of left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient immediately after percutaneous transseptal myocardial ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy refractory to medication

Background  Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) carries an increased risk for sudden cardiac death. No data regarding the percutaneous transseptal myocardial ablation (PTSMA) and epicardial left ventricular pacing (LVP) were reported.
Methods  Seven patients with recurrent symptoms and increased resting left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient (LVOTG) after PTSMA and another 14 patients with HOCM without history of PTSMA were studied. Both resting and dobutamine stress echocardiography, PTSMA and LVP were routinely performed.
Results  In patients without previous PTSMA procedure, mild reduction of resting LVOTG was detected at 5 minutes after left ventricular pacing, and this reduction became significant at 10 minutes. All patients were divided into successful and unsuccessful groups according to their response to LVP. In contrary to patients in unsuccessful group, resting and R-S2 stimuli-induced LVOTG during PTSMA procedure were decreased dramatically ((9±5) mmHg vs (58±12) mmHg, (12±2) mmHg vs (113±27) mmHg, P<0.001). Analysis of Logistic regression demonstrated that only LVOTG level during left ventricular pacing was an independent factor predicting the reduction of LVOTG immediately after PTSMA (odds ratio (OR), 0.59; 95% CI 2.67 to 5.82; P=0.0002).   
Conclusion  Left ventricular endocardial temporary pacing plays a critical role in predicting acute effect on the reduction of LVOTG immediately after PTSMA procedure.

     

Acute and mid-term results of pecutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

Objective: To assess the acute and mid-term results of cardiac function improvements and left ventricular outflow tract gradient (LVOTG)changes in 30 patients displaying hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) treated with percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation (PTSMA). Methods: PTSMA was intended for 32 patients comprising of 13 women and 19men (average years being 54.1 ± 15.5) to be treated in accordance with the following inclusion criteria: The New York Heart As-sociation(NYHA) definition for cardiac functional class Ⅲ or Ⅳ , or class Ⅱ but for whom medical therapies were not tolerated or with syncope; intraventricular septal (IVS) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) hypertrophy asymmetrically associated with ratio of IVS to LVPW≥1.3 and LVOTG≥50 mm Hg at rest or ≥100 mm Hg at provocation (Valsalva maneuver). The target vessels were determined by coronary arteriography that demonstrated more than one septal branch and probatory balloon occlusion produced greater than 50% decrease of LVOTG. Once the target vessel established, the alcohol was administrated into septal ventricular via over-the-wire balloon. LVOTG was assessed by means of echocardiography measurements immediately after procedure and 3 months. Simultaneously, cardiac function class was also evaluated. Results: Two patients were abandoned prior to intervention due to inappropriate septal target vessels and DDD Pacemakers were chosed. Immediately after the procedure, resting LVOTG was reduced from 73.8 ± 35.5 to 16.6 ± 7.8 mmHg, at provocation LVOTG from 149.3 ± 42.5 to 61.9 ± 43.0 mmHg(P ＜0.0001 each) by echocardiography measurements. After 3 months, the mean New York Heart Association class was reduced from 2.8 ± 0.6 to 1.1 ± 1.0(P ＜ 0.0001) and the LVOTG also remained decrease(28.5 ± 6.4 mmHg at rest and 75.3 ± 11.6 mmHg at provocation). Conclusion: PTSMA is a promising nonsurgical technique for relief of symptoms and reduction of LVOTG in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.     

Muscular (hypertrophic) subaortic stenosis (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy): the evidence for true obstruction to left ventricular outflow

The clinical and haemodynamic significance of the subaortic pressure gradient in patients with muscular (hypertrophic) subaortic stenosis (hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy) has long been debated. In this report we summarize the evidence which indicates that true obstruction to left ventricular outflow exists in these patients. Rapid left ventricular ejection, through an outflow tract narrowed by ventricular septal hypertrophy, results in Venturi forces causing systolic anterior motion of the anterior (or posterior) mitral leaflets. Mitral leaflet-septal contact results in obstruction to outflow and the accompanying mitral regurgitation. The time of onset of mitral leaflet-septal contact determines the magnitude of the pressure gradient and the severity of the mitral regurgitation, as well as the degree of prolongation of left ventricular ejection time and the percentage of left ventricular stroke volume that is ejected in the presence of an obstructive pressure gradient. Early and prolonged mitral leaflet-septal contact results in a large pressure gradient, significant mitral regurgitation, as well as dramatic prolongation of the ejection time and a large percentage of left ventricular stroke volume being obstructed. Late and short mitral leaflet-septal contact results in little haemodynamic perturbation. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients with obstructive pressure gradients are significantly more symptomatic than those without. Thus the obstructive pressure gradients in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are of clinical as well as haemodynamic significance. To deny the existence of obstruction to outflow in patients with muscular subaortic stenosis is to deny these patients appropriate medical and surgical therapy.     

肥厚型梗阻性心肌病化学消融治疗近期疗效观察

目的评价经皮腔内冠状动脉室间隔化学消融术（PTSMA）治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的近期疗效.方法 7例肥厚型梗阻性心肌病患者,平均（47.1±13.4）岁,均采用95%无水酒精行PTSMA,计算术前及术后经导管测定的左心室流出道压力阶差（LVOTPG）,术后所有患者均定期复查超声心动图,随访观察3个月.结果术前静息状态的LVOTPG为（92.7±24.3）mmHg,术后为（30.5±25.7）mmHg;消融前、后LVOTPG差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.术前超声心动图示左室流出道（LVOT）为（7.8±1.3）mm,室间隔（IVS）为（21.6±3.0）mm,术后3个月复查超声心动图示LVOT为（10.6±1.5）mm,IVS为（17.2±2.6）mm;与术前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.7例患者术后3个月随访均存活,无晕厥及心绞痛复发,心功能改善.结论 PTSMA能明显降低LVOTPG,改善临床症状,提高心功能,对治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病近期疗效确切.     

Complications of percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

目的：评价非手术疗法,即经皮穿刺间隔心肌消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病（HOCM）并发症。方法：72名有流出道梗阻症的病人,术前经心脏超声动图明确诊断。病人被施行导管手术,以无水酒精注入靶血管内。观察并发症并分析其可能的原因。结果：在主入酒精时,69名病人发生严重胸痛,在手术及术后围手术期间,19名病人有不同程度的心脏传导阻滞,其中一名病人呈现永久性完全房室传导阻滞,需植入永久性直搏器。束枝传导阻滞在本研究中非常常见,暂时性右束枝传导阻滞占50％,永久性右束枝传导阻滞占38.9％。6例（8.3％）发生急性下壁心肌梗死,一例（1.4％）发生急性前壁心肌梗死。在超过二年的长期随访组中,24例病人无一例死亡,至目前为止,该组病人的心功能没有进行性恶化。在本研究中,无论长期及近期观察,均无死亡发生。结论：心肌消融治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病最普遍的并发症是右束枝传导阻滞。最重要的并发症是心脏传导阻滞。心肌消融治疗方法是治疗HOCM的一种良好的非外科手术疗法。     

右室起搏对肥厚梗阻型心肌病临床,血流动力学及形态学？…

目的：观察肥厚梗阻型心肌病（ＨＯＣＭ）患者右室起搏治疗的远期临床、血流动力学及形态学变化，以确定右室起搏对患者的治疗效果及预后。方法：采用有创血流动力学监测技术及超声多普勒检查方法观察右室起搏前、后（２ｈ、１２周、４年）患者的血流动力学及形态学变化。结果：右室起搏治疗４年后，患者临床症状、心功能、多数血流动力学及形态学指标均有不同程度改善，尤其是左室舒张期末压务（ＬＶＥＤＰ）、左室流出道（ＬＶＯＴ     

肥厚型心肌病冠状动脉造影的特征及临床意义

目的分析肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者冠状动脉造影的特征及临床意义。方法将64例经心脏彩色多普勒超声、左心室造影和冠状动脉造影检查确诊为HCM的患者分为梗阻型HCM组(HOCM组,44例)及非梗阻型HCM组(HNCM组,20例),比较两组患者的基线临床资料及冠状动脉造影检查结果,测量并比较冠状动脉各分支的内径。结果冠状动脉性心脏病的高危因素中,两组间仅年龄及糖尿病构成比的差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。心脏彩色多普勒超声检查显示,两组间二尖瓣前叶收缩期前向运动(SAM)征的构成比、左心室流出道压差、室间隔厚度、左心房直径的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。冠状动脉造影检查显示,两组间冠状动脉狭窄、左前降支肌桥的发生率及左侧冠状动脉优势型患者构成比的差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),而冠状动脉粥样硬化、左间隔支肌桥发生率的差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。HOCM组的左主干、左前降支、左回旋支及左间隔支内径均显著大于HNCM组(P值均<0.01)。结论 HOCM患者的左间隔支肌桥发生率较HNCM患者高,且冠状动脉内径较粗大,尤其是左间隔支粗大,对临床上经皮导管化学消融有指导意义。     

小剂量无水乙醇经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病的疗效及安全性评价

目的:评价使用小剂量无水乙醇经皮腔内室间隔化学消融术(PTSMA)治疗肥厚型梗阻性心肌病(HOCM)的疗效和安全性。方法:12例症状明显、药物治疗无效的HOCM患者行PTSMA术,无水乙醇用量均小于2 ml[平均(1.8±0.2)ml],术前、术后7 d、术后6个月行超声心动图检查测定静息左室流出道压力阶差(LVOTG)、室间隔(IVS)厚度、射血分数(EF),同时询问患者主观症状并进行心功能评价。结果:术后7 d、6个月LVOTG分别为(20.6±4.7)mmHg、(17.7±4.3)mmHg,较术前[(67.2±14.1)mmHg]均显著下降(P<0.01);室间隔厚度分别为(18.3±3.8)mm、(14.1±1.5)mm,较术前[(23.4±4.7)mm]均明显变薄(P<0.01);心功能分别为(1.8±0.4)级(、1.4±0.5)级,较术前[(2.6±0.7)级]明显改善(P<0.01)。EF值无明显变化。症状均不同程度减轻或消失,未见Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞发生。结论:使用小剂量无水乙醇行PTSMA治疗HOCM安全有效。