超选择性双重栓塞治疗胆道出血

目的：讨论胆道出血的数字减影血管造影表现,经导管超选择性双重栓塞治疗胆道出血的疗效。方法：采用Seldinger‘s技术,经股动脉置入导管,行选择性肠系膜上动脉、腹腔动脉、肝动脉数字减影血管造影,经导管超选择栓塞出血动脉出血点的远端和近端,栓塞后造影了解栓塞效果。结果：12例胆道出血选择性肝动脉血管造影的表现。8例表现为肝内假性动脉瘤,2例为肝癌并发动脉-门脉瘘,2例肝部分切除术后出现肝内片状造影剂溢出影,2例腹腔动脉造影阴性,而选择性肝动脉血管造影均显示病灶;10例经民管用明胶海绵加弹簧圈或微弹簧圈栓塞治疗1例。出血停止,随访无再出血,2例用明胶绵栓塞,其中1例栓塞治疗后3周,再次发生出血,用明胶海绵加弹簧圈栓塞出血停止。结论：选择性肝动脉血管造影是诊断胆道出血的关键,超选择性双重栓塞出血动脉的远端和近端是治疗胆道出血安全有效的止血方法,其治疗一次性止血率优于单纯明胶海绵栓塞。     

血管内栓塞治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻及鼻咽部大出血

目的:探讨经血管栓塞治疗鼻咽癌放疗后鼻及鼻咽部大出血的临床应用价值。方法:对我院 7 例鼻咽癌放疗后鼻及鼻咽部大出血患者采用经股动脉穿刺行双侧颈内、外动脉造影,明确出血部位及出血动脉,以明胶海绵、弹簧钢圈及可脱球囊等材料进行选择性颈内动脉或颈外动脉及其分支血管栓塞。结果:7 例介入栓塞治疗均获成功。其中有 6例经过介入及临床综合治疗7~10天后治愈出院,1例介入治疗后第2天因消化道应激溃疡出血停用抗凝药及激素后,出现广泛脑梗死死亡。结论:鼻咽癌放疗后鼻及鼻咽部大出血采用明胶海绵、弹簧钢圈及可脱性球囊等材料栓塞治疗效果肯定,值得推广应用。     

辅助性介入栓塞术在青少年鼻咽纤维血管瘤治疗中的应用

目的 探讨辅助性供血动脉栓塞术在鼻咽纤维血管瘤综合治疗中的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2000年2月至2005年6月以来经手术及病理证实的鼻咽纤维血管瘤患者17例,其中13例于外科手术前1～4 d行DSA检查及选择性颈外动脉供血支栓塞,4例因鼻腔大出血常规止血无效行急症栓塞治疗后根据病情择期手术,观察造影表现、止血效果及外科手术情况.结果 血管造影可清晰显示肿瘤病变范围及供血情况,16例表现为颈外动脉分支颌内动脉为主供血,1例为颈内动脉和颈外动脉双重供血,供血动脉多少与肿瘤分期有关.鼻腔大出血者表现为末梢血管增多紊乱及点片状对比剂外溢,栓塞治疗后出血停止.栓塞术无明显并发症,外科手术中出血量280～1 600 ml,平均(460±255.5)ml,肿瘤完整切除.结论 鼻咽纤维血管瘤行DSA检查及选择性供血动脉栓塞能进一步明确肿瘤特征,有效治疗急性鼻腔大出血,减少外科术中出血并提高肿瘤切除率.     

医源性胆道出血的血管造影表现和介入治疗

目的评价医源性胆道出血中血管造影诊断及介入栓塞治疗的价值。方法回顾性分析医源性胆道出血患者21例。经皮选择性肠系膜上动脉、腹腔动脉和肝总动脉造影,明确出血的部位后,进行选择性或超选择性插管及栓塞治疗。结果 21例患者血管造影均证实有出血病变。血管造影表现为假性动脉瘤者17例(81.0%),对比剂外溢者4例(19.0%)。栓塞材料采用PVA颗粒栓塞者2例,单纯弹簧圈8例,明胶海绵颗粒+弹簧圈11例。1次栓塞止血成功率为85.7%(18/21),3例患者栓塞后再次大出血而行第2次栓塞成功。术后随访5～28个月,患者均未再发胆道出血。所有患者介入栓塞术后均未出现异位栓塞、肝功能衰竭、栓塞所致感染等严重并发症。结论经皮选择性血管造影和介入栓塞术微创、安全、可靠且疗效确切,是诊断和治疗医源性胆道出血的首选方法。     

颅底骨折所致口鼻腔大出血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨经导管动脉急诊栓塞治疗颅底骨折所致口鼻腔大出血的临床疗效及其安全性.方法 27例颅底骨折合并口鼻腔大出血患者,经后鼻腔填塞、药物治疗等措施无效,在出血1～6 h行急诊颈内、外动脉造影,根据造影结果,选用明胶海绵、不锈钢圈和可脱球囊栓塞出血责任动脉.结果 除1例因合并颅脑损伤,1例因失血性休克在造影过程中死亡而未行栓塞外,25例均在1.5 h内完成栓塞治疗,成功率92.6%(25/27),23例栓塞后出血停止,有效率92.0%(23/25).无严重栓塞后并发症发生.结论 经导管动脉急诊栓塞是救治颅底骨折所致创伤性口鼻腔大出血的一种有效、安全、简便的方法.     

急诊介入性血管内栓塞治疗海绵窦段颈内动脉损伤性鼻腔大出血

目的：探讨海绵窦颈内动脉损伤致严重鼻腔大出血急诊血管内栓塞治疗的效果。方法：对７例海绵窦颈内动脉损伤致严重鼻腔大出血病例行急诊介入性血管内栓塞治疗。采用弹簧钢圈栓塞２例，可脱性球囊栓塞５例。结果：栓塞载瘤动脉３例，栓塞海绵窦及瘘口４例。全部病例栓塞后出血停止，随访２～３８个月，未再出血，无任何神经功能障碍。结论：海绵窦颈内动脉损伤致鼻腔大出血，急诊采用介入性血管内栓塞治疗，疗效显著，是首选的治疗方案。     

急性顽固性鼻出血的动脉栓塞治疗

目的 探讨介入治疗在急性顽固性鼻出血的临床应用价值。方法 20例经常规治疗无效的鼻腔大出血者，均采用经导管颌内动脉造影，证实出血部位后用PVA和明胶海绵颗粒栓塞出血动脉，栓塞后立即抽出鼻腔填塞物观察出血是否停止。结果 20例患者均发现出血动脉，栓塞后出血立即停止，未见严重并发症。结论 经导管动脉栓塞术是治疗急性顽固性鼻出血的有效手段，其创伤小疗效肯定。     

头面部蔓状血管瘤的血管造影及介入治疗

目的 :探讨头面部蔓状血管瘤的血管造影诊断和选择性栓塞治疗的价值。方法 :回顾性分析 12例头面部蔓状血管瘤病例选择性动脉造影和分次完全填充栓塞的资料。结果 :12例头面部蔓状血管瘤患者经血管造影检查均得以明确诊断。经分次完全填充栓塞治疗后治愈 4例 ,显效 6例 ,有效 2例。经超选择性插管后用线段、聚乙烯醇微粒 (PVA颗粒 )、明胶海绵、弹簧圈或可脱球囊栓塞上颌动脉 5支 ,颞浅动脉 5支 ,面动脉 4支 ,枕动脉 3支及耳后动脉 2支。 4例患者行单次栓塞 ,7例患者行 2次栓塞 ,1例患者行 3次栓塞。所有患者栓塞后即刻造影均见拟栓塞的靶血管团基本消失。 5例栓塞后行手术切除 ,术中出血明显减少。所有病例术中及术后均无严重并发症发生。结论 :经选择性血管造影明确诊断后进行栓塞是治疗头面部蔓状血管瘤安全有效的手段。     

急诊子宫动脉栓塞术治疗产科大出血（附12例报告）

目的：评价子宫动脉栓塞术治疗产科大出血的应用价值。方法：本组病例产后大出血4例,剖宫产后大出血5例,异位妊娠出血1例,人工鎏产术后大出血2例。对12例患者行急诊血管造影并选择性栓塞子宫动脉或同时栓塞阴部内动脉、卵巢动脉。栓塞物为明胶海绵或弹簧钢丝圈。结果：栓塞后出血完全停止10例。2～7d后经对症治疗出血逐渐停止2例,未出现严重并发症。结论：急诊子宫动脉栓塞治疗产科大出血是一种安全、迅速有效的止血措施。     

急性消化道出血的血管造影及介入栓塞治疗

目的：研究消化道出血的血管造影诊断及介入栓塞治疗的方法和价值。方法：报告26例急性消化道出血的患者，采用Seldinger技术进行血管造影诊断及导管介入栓塞治疗。栓塞剂使用明胶海绵和弹簧圈。结果：26例中23例明确了出血部位和出血原因，其中上消化道出血17例，下消化道出血6例，病变性质为：肿瘤性病变2例，血管性病变13例，非特异性炎症溃疡8例，造影阴性3例。23例中21例栓塞后即刻止血，动脉栓塞成功率为91．3％，无胃肠道坏死等并发症发生。结论：动脉造影对消化道出血的定位及定性有重要的价值，动咏栓塞治疗是安全、有效的止血措施。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.