眶上动脉蒂反流轴型耳颞皮瓣的应用解剖

目的:为临床各型额部皮瓣特别是跨血管系统反流轴型皮瓣的应用提供解剖学基础。方法:15具福尔马林保存的成人尸体头面部进行肉眼解剖,观察眶上动脉、滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支的位置、口径、走行和相互吻合状况及其与周围组织的关系;5具新鲜成人头部标本制作血管铸型。结果:眶上动脉、滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支走行基本恒定,且三者存在众多吻合,吻合支集中区域为上界距眶上缘(4.9±0.4)cm,下界为眶上缘水平,上界内侧距离前正中线(1.0±0.2)cm,外侧距离前正中线(4.5±0.4)cm;下界内侧距离前正中线(1.4±0.2)cm,外侧(2.3±0.5)cm。结论:额部有眶上动脉、滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支供血,吻合支丰富且吻合区域较恒定,故可制成多种类型的跨血管的反流式皮瓣,增大血管蒂旋转的角度和长度以及灵活性。     

跨血管区反流耳颞部皮瓣应用解剖学

目的:明确耳颞部颞浅动脉系统与额部及眼眶区周围血管系统之间的交通吻合情况,为临床跨血管区反流耳颞部岛状皮瓣的应用提供解剖学基础.方法:15具福尔马林保存的成人尸体头面部进行肉眼解剖;5具新鲜成人头部标本制作血管铸型,观察颞浅动脉额支与眶上及滑车上动脉的相互交通吻合状况以及颞浅动脉分支与眼轮匝肌营养血管之间的吻合情况.结果:眶上及滑车上动脉和颞浅动脉额支走行基本恒定,且三者存在众多吻合,吻合支集中区域为上界距眶上缘(4.9±0.4)cm,下界为眶上缘水平,上界内侧距离前正中线(1.0±0.2)cm,外侧距离前正中线(4.5±0.4)cm;下界内侧距离前正中线(1.4±0.2)cm,外侧(2.3±0.5)cm;颞浅动脉分支—颧眶动脉以3种分支类型与面动脉的终末支—内眦动脉在眼轮匝肌内形成稳定的交通吻合.结论:颞浅动脉额支与滑车上动脉存在吻合支集中区域;眶上动脉与颞浅动脉额支在眉外侧存在位置恒定吻合点.以眼轮匝肌为蒂的颞区皮瓣实际上是以颧眶动脉远端和眼睑动脉弓为蒂的跨区反流轴型皮瓣.     

鼻成形术中额颞部血管的应用解剖学研究

目的：为解决临床上额部皮瓣修复鼻缺损时常出现的血运障碍，全鼻再造时的衬里缺损以及应用耳廓复合组织修复鼻翼缺损时面积受限等问题。方法：对２９例（５８例）尸体额、鼻和颞部血管进行解剖。结果：滑车上动脉由两侧向内上行走，滑车上动脉的分支、眶上动脉的浅支、颞浅动脉额支的额眶支相互吻合成网前额动脉吻合网。颞浅动脉主干及顶支发出２～３支耳支分布至耳轮。结论：额部皮瓣应设计在旁正中的滑车上动脉血管走行轴线上；可同时用两侧额部皮瓣行全鼻缺损的修复；亦可经前额动脉吻合网、颞浅动脉及其分支，设计出带蒂的大面积耳廓复合组织岛状瓣修复大面积鼻翼缺损或半鼻缺损     

额顶颞区皮瓣血管的臣微解剖

在50侧成年尸体的头颅血管灌注有色填充剂,观测额顶颞区皮瓣的血管。分布于这一区域的主要血管为颞浅血管,此外耳后血管、眶上血管和滑车上血管亦参与该区的分布。颞浅动脉是最大的一支头皮动脉,分布面积占整个头皮的57.38±6.05%。额支和顶支是它的两分支。额支存在恒定,它的管径、分布面积都比顶支大,是一支优势血管。颞浅静脉是颞浅动脉的伴行静脉,静脉顶支的出现率恒定,管径比静脉额支大。统计了颞浅动脉与相邻头皮动脉间的吻合血管,为跨正中线超长皮瓣的设计提供了解剖学依据。本文讨论了以额支为血管蒂的前额瓣及以顶支为血管蒂的头皮瓣。     

逆行颞顶筋膜瓣的解剖与临床应用

目的：探讨逆行颞顶筋膜瓣临床应用的可行性。方法：①在12侧成人头颅标本上,对颞顶筋膜的形态和血供进行巨微解剖观测。②分别以颞浅动脉的额支或顶支或额、顶支双蒂设计逆行颞顶筋膜瓣应用于临床修复头颅深度软组织缺损。结果：①颞顶筋膜主要由颞浅动脉供血,额支与顶支是颞浅动脉的终末分支,颞浅动脉经额支、顶支与耳后动脉、枕动脉、眶上动脉、滑车上动脉及对侧颞浅动脉有丰富吻合。颞浅静脉由静脉额支和静脉顶支汇合而成,动、静脉额支及可动、静脉顶支基本伴行。②临床应用6例逆行颞顶筋膜瓣均获成功。结论：逆行颞顶筋膜瓣供血可靠,具有采取方便、供区隐蔽等优点,适用于额、顶、枕等处深度软组织缺损的修复。     

颞浅动脉额支皮瓣的应用解剖学

目的：为带蒂颞浅动脉额支皮瓣转移修复眼部软组织缺损提供解剖学资料。方法：对头面部乳胶灌注的标本进行解剖，并对颞浅动脉的走行、分支、分布进行观测。结果：颞浅动脉起自颈外动脉，穿腮腺实质上行，在颧弓上方分为额、顶两终末支。额支又于外毗上方分为额顶支和额眶支。额支、额顶支、额眶支血管外径均在1mm左右，可游离血管长度符合要求。结论：以颞浅动脉额支为蒂的皮瓣可用来转位修复眶周软组织缺损。     

除皱术中以颞浅动脉额支定位面神经颞支的解剖学基础

目的探讨以颞浅动脉额支定位面神经颞支解剖学依据.方法选用防腐固定1 0例(20侧)新鲜标本5例(10侧),解剖观察颞浅动脉额支的走行分布及其与颞支的毗邻关系.结果①56.7%的颞支及其终末分支均走行在颞浅动脉额支下方的颞浅筋膜深面.②43.3%的颞支1～2终末分支可在眶上缘水平以上与颞浅动脉额支平行或交叉走行在其深面,终止于额结节下方.③颞支在颧弓上缘与颞浅动脉起始部的距离为(0.7±0.3)cm,走行过程中逐级发出分支分布于眼轮匝肌外侧部,最后呈网状分布于额结节下方的眼轮匝肌与额肌交汇处,支配眼轮匝肌、额肌、皱眉肌.结论以颞浅动脉额支、颧弓和经过额结节的矢状线所围成的三角形可简便直观地定位颞支的分布,在除皱术中具有实际的应用意义.     

逆流颞顶筋膜瓣移转术

目的：报道逆流颞顶筋膜瓣移转术及临床应用效果。方法：根据颞浅动脉颞顶分支与耳后、枕动脉支，前额支与眶上、滑车上动脉支有丰富吻合或与对侧主要血管支直接交通，构筑跨血供区供血的解剖基础，设计以颞浅动脉轴型血管及其吻合支为蒂的逆流颞顶筋膜瓣，向顶枕侧或前额顶部移转覆盖骨外露缺损区加皮片移植或充填。自1996年11月开始，临床应用4例，最大筋膜瓣13cm×7cm。结果：术后筋膜瓣及植皮区完全存活，外形较为满意。癌肿病例术后三周接受放射治疗。结论：逆流供血的颞部筋膜瓣血运行可靠，是提供颞顶枕部深度组织缺损即期、简便、有效的修复方法法。     

逆行颧眶动脉蒂皮瓣的应用解剖学研究

目的：为逆行颞区皮瓣的应用提供解剖学基础。方法：成尸标本30侧头面部颧眶动脉进行肉眼解剖;15例活体行颈总动脉数字减影响血管造影（DSA）,观察颧眶动脉与眼轮匝肌营养血管的关系,将信息输入计算机图像分析仪,行图像分析。结果：眼轮匝肌有多条血管在眼睑内形成动脉网,此动脉网与供应颞区皮肤颞浅动脉分支的额支和颧眶动脉相吻合,且颧眶动脉位置较恒定,外径平均在1.0mm以上。结论：颞区皮瓣可被认为是以颧眶动脉为轴的轴型皮瓣,且在颧眶动脉远端为蒂的逆行皮瓣的存活是完全有保障的。     

额神经末支解剖特点及其在前额除皱术中的意义

目的：为了前额除皱术切口位置和分离平面的选择提供解剖学依据。方法：对18例成人头部标本进行大体和显微解剖研究以及组织切片观察。结果：（1）眶上神经绕过眶上缘后分为溶，浅二支，浅支位额肌深面并穿过该肌分布于额部皮肤，深支行于额肌，帽状腱膜与骨膜之间直达人字缝；（2）滑车上神经在皱眉肌外侧和穿经皱眉肌后穿过额肌到达头皮，结论：（1）前额除皱术中冠状切口应尽量靠近人字缝，并在骨膜下剥离皮瓣，以避免损伤眶上神经，（2）切断皱眉肌时宜在直 下仔细操作以减少对滑车上神经的损伤。     

Variation in the Origin of Cystic Artery

In recent years, an extensive development in laproscopic surgery has made surgeons to obtain a clear appreciation and knowledge of variations in the blood supply of gall bladder. The study was done on specimens including 35 embalmed cadavers and 15 fresh postmortem specimens by dissection method at JSS Medical College. In the present study we observed that the cystic artery from right hepatic was seen only in 54% cases. Whereas from hepatic artery proper in 22%, from common hepatic in 12%, from gastroduodenal in 8%, and from superior mesenteric in 2% of cases. Cystic artery from superior mesenteric passes through head of pancreas. This variation is very important for surgeons during resection of pancreas. Because of very limited field of vision during laproscopic surgery, haemorrhage could be a problem if these variations are overlooked. Sound knowledge of cystic artery variations is helpful for surgeons while performing upper abdominal surgeries.     

选择性腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉造影的局部解剖学研究

本文利用70具成人尸体(男性40具,女性30具)进行了经股动脉插管至腹腔动脉、肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉及肠系膜下动脉之间的距离,各动脉的直径,以及用圆形分布理论统计分析各动脉干与主动脉腹部间的平均夹角,并对动脉干纵轴的方向,动脉起始部与脊柱的对应关系,动脉干的类型做了解剖学观察,并讨论了相应的临床意义。     

Multiple variations of internal iliac artery – A case report

IntroductionInternal iliac artery (IIA) is the vessel predominantly supplying the pelvic viscera and the pelvic wall. The main stem of IIA is usually devoid of any branches. Its two divisions give rise to all its branches.MethodA case of multiple variations of IIA was noted during routine dissection of a male cadaver on the right side.ResultsInferior gluteal artery and middle rectal artery which are usually branches of the anterior division of IIA arose from the posterior division. Iliolumbar artery, usually a branch of the posterior division arose from the main stem of IIA. Obturator artery arose from external iliac artery instead of IIA.DiscussionThe knowledge of such variations aids in performing various surgical and radiological procedures in this region.     

Coronary artery aneurysms and coronary artery fistula as a cause of angina pectoris

Coronary artery aneurysm is an uncommon disease. Coronary artery fistulae are infrequent congenital anomalies. A extremely rare case report of combination of coronary artery aneurysms and coronary artery fistula is presented with a brief literature review.     

Anatomy of renal arterial supply

A thorough knowledge of the variations of the renal artery has grown in importance with the increasing numbers of renal transplants, vascular reconstructions, and various surgical and radiologic techniques. The literature indicates that multiple renal arteries are found in 9- 76% of cadavers. The purpose of this study is to establish the incidence and characteristics of variations of renal arteries in Thais. A total of 267 Thai cadavers were dissected in the anatomy laboratory. The anatomical findings included: a single hilar artery in 82% of cases; double renal arteries in 17% of cases (one hilar artery with an upper polar artery occurred in 7%; two hilar arteries in 7%, and one hilar artery combined with one lower polar artery in 3%); and triple renal arteries occurred in 1% (two hilar arteries with one upper polar artery in 0.4% and two hilar arteries with one lower polar artery in 0.6%). In preparation for interventions, such as living renal donation, vascular reconstruction, renovascular hypertension, or radical nephrectomy, the results indicate that preoperative renal imaging is necessary and that operative techniques with attention to multiple renal arteries should be considered.     

Branching patterns of the popliteal artery and its clinical importance

Purpose  The aim of this study was to evaluate the popliteal artery branching patterns and related measurements. Methods  A cadaveric study in forty lower limbs was performed to improve the understanding of anatomy of the popliteal artery and its main branches. Results  Normal branching of the popliteal artery was present in 36 specimens (90%). High origin of the anterior tibial artery was seen in two specimens (5%). The bifurcation was at the level of proximal border of popliteus, but the posterior tibial artery originated directly from the popliteal artery in one specimen (2.5%). Trifurcation pattern with no trunk was observed in one specimen (2.5%). Conclusions  We believe that a review of the anatomic characteristics of the popliteal artery and its branches will be beneficial for the surgical approaches and the choice of suitable arterial graft sites. This study was presented at 9th Congress of European Association of Clinical Anatomy in Prague, 5–8 September 2007.     

Heubner回返动脉的显微解剖及其临床意义

目的:研究Heubner回返动脉的显微解剖及其与A1的关系,以及与眶额动脉和额极动脉的区别。方法:成人尸体头颅标本15例(30侧),经翼点入路,在手术显微镜下对Heubner回返动脉及相关结构进行观察后,取出脑组织块,解剖观察和测量回返动脉、眶额动脉和额极动脉。结果:(1)根据回返动脉与A1的关系,将其分为:远外侧型占22.2%、周围型占69.4%、内侧型占8.3%。(2)回返动脉直径为(0.77±0.12)mm,绝大部分起源于前交通动脉周围2mm的大脑前动脉;眶额动脉的直径为(0.63±0.16)mm,均起源于A2段,距前交通动脉的距离平均(5.51±3.4)mm;额极动脉的直径为(0.66±0.18)mm,距前交通动脉的距离为(1.41±0.51)cm。结论:识别回返动脉并明确其与A1、眶额动脉和额极动脉的关系对手术中Heubner回返动脉的保护具有重要意义。     

肋间动脉与冠状动脉搭桥的应用解剖

为肋间动脉与冠状动脉搭桥术提供解剖学资料,在40侧成年尸体上对第七、八对肋间动脉进行了观察.左侧第七肋间动脉至液后线长平均为19.5cm.至锁骨中线为26cm;左侧第八肋间动脉长分别为19.7cm和27.5cm;右侧第七肋间动脉长分别为20.7cm和27.5cm;右侧第八肋间动脉长分别为21.2cm和28cm.     

人心脏冠状动脉房室支与室房支的观察

解剖５０例成人心脏冠状动脉，观察由冠状动脉发出的分布于心房与心室的共同的动脉小干及其返支。由心房动脉支发出的返支向下越过冠状沟入心室壁的称炎这房室外，由心室动脉支发出的返支向上越过冠状沟入心房壁的称之为室房支。     

胃网膜右动脉与胸廓内动脉在冠状动脉旁路术中应用的比较研究

目的：为将胃网膜右动脉应用于冠状动脉旁路术提供依据。方法：观测了３８具成人尸体的胃网膜后动脉和胸廓内动脉，并对其中３０例进行了组织学观察及体视学计量。