凶险型前置胎盘6例临床分析

目的探讨凶险型前置胎盘临床处理策略及预后。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2012年3月民航总医院收治的6例凶险型前置胎盘患者的临床资料,分析其临床特点、围手术期情况及预后。结果6例凶险型前置胎盘患者均为完全性前置胎盘,其中5例伴有胎盘植入,1例胎盘粘连;6例患者术中出血量为I500-3000ml,产后24h出血量为1800-4440ml。6例患者均进行介入治疗,其中3例髂总（或髂内）动脉球囊阻断术或髂内动脉栓塞术后行单侧或双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,3例单纯子宫动脉栓塞术。I例子宫动脉栓塞术后因产后大出血、继发DIC行子宫切除术;2例胎盘植入面积较大、部分胎盘残留者继发产褥感染,再次行子宫动脉栓塞术,术后行清官术清除残留胎盘组织。结论凶险型前置胎盘覆盖子宫瘢痕,其胎盘植入发生率高,往往发生严重的产科出血、休克及DIC等,增加围生期的子宫切除率,应重视预防和早期诊断和治疗。     

选择性子宫动脉栓塞术治疗难治性产后出血13例临床分析

目的探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗难治性产后出血的时机、疗效及并发症。方法对北京大学人民医院13例难治性产后出血患者,利用数字减影造影（DSA）技术选择子宫动脉及其分支行栓塞治疗。结果 13例产后出血患者分娩时出血量为150～4000ml,平均出血量1200（1200±1215）ml。产后出血总量870～4000ml,平均2555（2555±995）ml。13例患者栓塞前均行按摩子宫,卡孕栓肛塞及欣母沛宫体注射促进子宫收缩,2例剖宫产术中出血患者已行子宫动脉上行支结扎、B-Lynch缝合以及宫腔填纱止血,效果均不佳,经子宫动脉栓塞后12例均成功止血,仅1例未能止血而行全子宫切除术。13例产后出血行子宫动脉栓塞术前存在不同程度的凝血功能异常,在积极纠正凝血功能异常同时行栓塞术。栓塞术后无严重并发症发生,发热为最为常见并发症,但应警惕感染。结论凝血功能障碍并非子宫动脉栓塞术的禁忌证,只要把握好子宫动脉栓塞的时机,子宫动脉栓塞术能有效治疗产后出血,并且并发症少。     

凶险型前置胎盘围术期综合手术治疗方法探讨

目的:探讨凶险型前置胎盘围术期综合手术治疗的安全性和有效性.方法:对8例凶险型前置胎盘患者剖宫产术前分别行双侧输尿管置管,并经股动脉行子宫动脉置管术,胎儿娩出后立即行子宫动脉栓塞,之后剥离胎盘及缝合子宫切口.观察8例患者术中、术后情况.结果:7例子宫动脉栓塞成功,子宫出血即刻减少,成功保留子宫,产褥期恶露正常,血β-HCG于术后21天内均恢复正常;1例因产后大出血,子宫动脉栓塞无效行全子宫切除术.8例均无膀胱及输尿管损伤.结论:剖宫产术前输尿管及子宫动脉置管,胎儿娩出后立即行子宫动脉栓塞治疗凶险型前置胎盘是一种安全、有效、可施行的综合治疗方法.     

50例产科子宫切除术临床分析

目的:通过对50例产科子宫切除术的临床分析,了解产科子宫切除的原因。方法:回顾统计1995年至2010年在我院产科分娩的产妇资料,用x2检验数据。结果:在我院产科分娩45681例产妇中,阴道分娩切除子宫8例,占阴道分娩的0.025%,占分娩总数的0.018%;剖宫产切除子宫42例,占剖宫产的0.304%,占分娩总数的0.092%;46例次全宫切除,4例全子宫切除。产科子宫切除50例中,首次妊娠者15例(占30%),多次妊娠者35例(占70%);35例多次妊娠产妇中,有人工流产史和剖宫史的24例,占子宫切除总数的48%,多次妊娠的68.57%。胎盘因素如前置胎盘、胎盘粘连等是产科切除子宫中胎盘方面的主要因素,占据产科切除因素的66%。结论:子宫切除术可以有效抢救紧急出血的危重产妇,但会对女性造成身心伤害,产前采取必要的措施减少子宫切除术因素的发生更加重要。     

围生期子宫切除70例临床分析

目的:对围生期子宫切除术及其相关因素进行分析,探讨如何降低围生期子宫切除的发生率。方法:对2004年5月至2011年5月重庆医科大学附属第一医院产科行子宫切除术的70例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。通过非条件Logistic回归分析筛选出与围生期子宫切除相关的主要危险因素。结果:围生期子宫切除占分娩总数的0.33%,其中剖宫产子宫切除66例(94.3%),阴道分娩4例(5.7%)。子宫次全切除术53例,全子宫切除术17例。围生期子宫切除的主要手术指征为:胎盘因素(47.1%)、宫缩乏力(22.9%)、子宫切口感染(12.9%)。多因素分析显示:宫缩乏力(OR=873.432)、胎盘植入(OR=96.258)、前置胎盘(OR=75.293)、剖宫产史(OR=17.587)、子宫切口感染(OR=3.906)、胎盘早剥(OR=2.857)是围生期子宫切除的危险因素。结论:围生期子宫切除术是治疗重度产后出血的有效措施之一,正确掌握剖宫产指征,把握产后出血切除子宫的时机,可以有效降低围生期子宫切除的发生率。     

双侧子宫动脉栓塞术治疗胎盘早剥并发DIC 10例临床分析

目的探讨双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗胎盘早剥并发DIC的可行性和安全性。方法对10例胎盘早剥并发DIC产后出血患者在补充足量凝血因子、抗休克、宫腔塞纱治疗基础上行双侧子宫动脉插管明胶海绵颗粒栓塞。结果10例患者双侧子宫动脉插管均成功，插管成功率100%，平均手术时间（42±5）min，栓塞术平均止血时间（11±3.2）min。10例患者均抢救成功并保留了子宫，无明显近期并发症。结论双侧子宫动脉栓塞治疗胎盘早剥并发DIC产后出血有较好的临床效果，具有止血快，能保留子宫等优点。     

产后出血子宫切除相关问题

子宫切除是抢救严重产后出血挽救产妇生命而采取的一种重要的治疗方法。异常胎盘及剖宫产是产后出血子宫切除常见的高危因素。前置胎盘和胎盘植入已成为目前严重产后出血子宫切除治疗的首要指征,及时准确地把握手术指征和手术时机,术中认真操作及处理突发情况,可以减少产妇的发病率和死亡率。     

子宫动脉栓塞术治疗中期妊娠中央性前置胎盘大出血4例分析

目的 探讨子宫动脉栓塞术治疗中期妊娠中央性前置胎盘出血的可行性及疗效。方法 河南省安钢职工总医院于2002年3月至2004年1月采用Seldinger技术对4例中期妊娠中央性前置胎盘出血患者进行超选择性双侧子宫动脉栓塞术 同时应用米非司酮配伍前列腺醇终止妊娠，引产后24h应用低分子右旋糖酣、复方丹参促进子宫侧枝循环建立一结果4例患者术毕阴道出血即停止，术后平均3．5h排出胎儿及附属物，无产后出血，平均33d恢复月经．现2例已足月分娩，1例已妊娠24周，另1例正在观察中．结论 介入治疗中期妊娠中央性前置胎盘出血疗效可靠，能保留生育功能，有促进引产作用。     

产时产后出血子宫切除15例临床分析

目的 分析产时、产后子宫切除的发生率、手术指征、并发症及经验教训。方法 采用回顾性资料分析方法，对我院1990年4月～2004年6月因产科出血切除子宫的15例临床资料整理分析。结果 14年中我院分娩总数11556例，15例行子宫切除术，发生率约为1．3‰。胎盘因素10例，其中胎盘植入8例，前置胎盘2例；产后宫缩乏力3例；羊水栓塞1例；子宫破裂1例。结论 产时产后出血，胎盘因素为子宫切除主要因素，子宫切除为产科出血救治的措施和手段。     

结扎子宫动脉上行支对剖宫产术出血的防治

目的：探讨结扎子宫动脉上行支对剖宫产术出血时的防治意义。方法：回顾性分析1998～2003年70例剖宫产术中出血或术后可能出血患者施行子宫动脉上行支结扎法的适应证，方法及效果等。结果：对55例剖宫产术中出血患者及15例可能术后出血患者施行了该术，其中单侧结扎11例，双侧结扎59例，所有病例止血效果满意，无晚期产后出血，1例并发阔韧带血肿。结论：正确掌握该方法需注意结扎时部位、深度、宽度、单双侧等。该方法止血简单迅速、效果确切。     

Operative Behandlung schwergradiger postpartaler Blutungen

Postpartum hemorrhage occurs in about 1 to 5% of deliveries. Uterine atony is the main cause (75–80%). Despite its association with well-established risk factors, atonic bleeding cannot be anticipated in up to 20% of cases. Therapy of postpartum hemorrhage varies depending on the cause. Conservative treatment of uterine atony is effective in about 90% of patients. Invasive management is needed in 1 to 3 of 1000 deliveries. Uterus-preserving techniques are preferable if contraindications can be excluded. In the literature, success rates of 40 to 100% have been reported for the various non-surgical (uterine tamponade, selective arterial embolization) and surgical methods (ligation of the uterine and hypogastric arteries, stepwise uterine devascularisation, B-Lynch technique, fundus compression suture). Emergency peripartum hysterectomy (total or supracervical) should be reserved for otherwise intractable postpartum hemorrhage, and is associated with a considerable maternal morbidity compared to elective caesarean hysterectomy.     

产后出血急症子宫切除术46例临床资料分析

目的探讨难治性产后出血急症子宫切除术的原因、抢救难治性产后出血中的手术时机及孕产妇结局,为预防和处理产后大出血提供依据。 方法采用回顾性研究方法对2010年至2014年在西北妇女儿童医院分娩的46例因产后出血行急症子宫切除术患者的临床资料进行分析。 结果5年间共住院分娩56 436例,有582例发生了产后出血,产后出血发生率1.03%;其中46例患者经保守治疗出血仍不能控制,实施了急症子宫切除术。产后出血原因为：胎盘因素(43.48%,20/46),宫缩乏力(36.96%,17/46),胎盘因素合并宫缩乏力(10.87%,5/46),羊水栓塞(4.35%,2/46)和晚期产后出血感染(4.35%,2/46)。出血量1 500～4 000 ml,平均(2 783±625)ml。46例患者均行急症子宫切除术后痊愈出院。 结论急症子宫切除术是产后大出血经保守治疗无效时抢救孕产妇生命的有效措施,胎盘因素是急诊子宫切除的主要原因,做好产后出血的预防与处理可以有效地降低围生期子宫切除率。     

急症子宫切除术在产科大出血中的应用及评价

目的 探讨产科急症子宫切除术在抢救产科大出血中的应用价值。方法 采用回顾性资料分析方法,对我院1990年～2000年间收治的10例因产科急症行子宫切除术患者的临床资料进行分析。结果 10例均为经保守治疗不能控制的产科大出血患者。其中DIC5例,胎盘粘连2例,宫缩乏力、子宫破裂、剖宫产术后晚期子宫切口感染各1例。出血量l500～3870ml,平均2427ml。10例患者均行急症子宫切除术后痊愈出院。相关因素分析显示,孕产次、多胎妊娠、分娩方式等因素与产科急症子宫切除术相关。结论 产科急症子宫切除术是治疗急性产科大出血的有效措施之一。     

Indication of emergency peripartum hysterectomy: review of 17 cases

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to determine the incidence, indications, associated risk factors and complications with emergency peripartum hysterectomy at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 17 cases of emergency peripartum hysterectomy done from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 2002. RESULTS: Seventeen patients of emergency peripartum hysterectomy were identified among 34,379 deliveries and the incidence rate was 0.5 per 1,000. Uterine atony 11 (64.7%, 9 without previa and 2 with previa) and followed by morbid adherent placenta with previa 6 (35.3%, 1 complete placenta accreta and 5 partial adherent placenta) was the most common indication of hysterectomy. Of the atonic group, 3 were primigravidae, 2 of 3 induced and 1 placenta previa. In morbid adherent placenta group the gravidity, previous abortions and prior cesarean deliveries were higher compared to the atonic group and were statistically significant. Conservative surgery performed in 6 (35.3%) patients before proceeding to hysterectomies, 3 (17.7%) patients had uterine artery ligation and 3 (17.7%) internal iliac ligation. Eight (47.1%) hysterectomies were subtotal. Nine (53%) patients developed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) and one case (6%) had bilateral ureteric ligation and bladder injury. No maternal deaths occurred. CONCLUSION: Uterine atony still is the leading cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage and the main indications of emergency peripartum hysterectomy. The combination of high parity, cesarean section, prior cesarean delivery and current placenta previa were identified as risk factors, and should alert the obstetrician that an emergency peripartum hysterectomy may needed. Although no maternal mortality occurred morbidity remained high.     

难治性产后出血干预性治疗方法的对比研究

目的探讨难治性产后出血的各种干预性措施在抢救过程中的合理应用及应用价值。方法分析1998年1月至2003年8月间，采用宫腔填塞纱布(塞纱)、盆腔动脉结扎、经导管动脉栓塞术等干预性措施的88例难治性产后出血病人的临床资料。结果全部抢救成功，其中18例宫腔塞纱者成功12例(66．7％)，12例盆腔动脉结扎中成功4例(33．3％)，30例经导管动脉栓塞术(TAE)治疗全部成功(100％)，42例一次开腹行全子宫切除术或加盆腔塞纱者成功36例(85．7％)。结论宫腔塞纱可压迫止血。TAE可替代子宫切除术。当子宫成为凝血功能障碍的病因时，主张行子宫切除．     

产科急症子宫切除术48例临床分析

目的探讨降低产科急症子宫切除术发生率的措施。方法青岛市第八人民医院产科20年间分娩总数50526例,回顾分析其中48例急症子宫切除术病例的临床资料。结果行产科急症子宫切除术的病例占分娩总数的0.095%(48/50526),其中阴道分娩11例,剖宫产37例。手术指征为:胎盘因素27例,占56.25%;宫缩乏力14例,占29.17%;子宫破裂4例,占8.33%;凝血功能障碍3例,占6.25%。其中经产妇子宫切除中胎盘因素最为多见(69.70%,23/33),而初产妇中宫缩乏力占主要因素(60.00%,9/15)。有74.09%(20/27)的胎盘异常患者有前次剖宫产或子宫手术史。结论胎盘因素是导致产科急症子宫切除术的主要危险因素。积极预防胎盘异常种植的发生,可以有效地降低产科子宫切除率。     

Current indications for uterine artery embolization to treat postpartum hemorrhage

Uterine artery embolization is an interventional radiology technique successfully used for more than 30 years in the management of gynecological or obstetrical hemorrhage. Precise indications for uterine artery embolization to treat postpartum hemorrhage have been recently published. Uterine artery embolization is indicated in case of uterine atony despite medical treatment particularly after vaginal delivery, in case of vaginal thrombus or cervical tear after failed surgical repair. Embolization can also be discussed in case of persistent hemorrhage after arterial ligation or hysterectomy. Finally, arterial embolization can be attempted in case of placenta accreta to avoid hysterectomy. In all situations, pluridisciplinary management of patients with involvement of interventional radiologists, anesthesiologists and obstetricians is mandatory. Early transportation of patients for embolization should be discussed taking into consideration time of onset of hemorrhage, expected transfer time and treatment options available on site. For validated indications, success rates of arterial embolization as high as 80% can be expected in experienced hands.     

Analysis of hysterectomies in 118 obstetric cases

During a period of 36 years, the rate of hysterectomy was 0.054% of all obstetric patients in our hospital, 0.0446% of cesarean section cases, and 0.005% of vaginal deliveries respectively. From 50 s to 80 s, the cesarean section rate greatly increased while the hysterectomy rate in parturition decreased. The indications for cesarean hysterectomy change from ruptured uterus, abruptio placenta and intrapartum infection to uterine atony highly increased placenta or myoma of the uterus. Cesarean hysterectomy rate due to splitting of uterine wound after cesarean section highly increased in 80 s. Bleeding for more than 1,000 ml during operation accounted for 62.7% of them. However, operative complication rate reached to 11.8%. To reduce cesarean hysterectomy rate, we suggest emphasizing maternal health care, use of uterine packing to lessen bleeding and careful management of operation as important means for reducing uterine incision wound splitting after cesarean section.