Effect of safflower seeds supplementation on stimulation of the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

Anti-bone resorption properties of the Korean herbal formulation, Gami-Honghwain (HJ), which comprises Carthamus tinctorius L. seed and hominis placenta, were investigated. We demonstrate that the production of PGE2 is inhibited by 20-100 microg/ml HJ in nontransformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1 cells), indicating that HJ inhibits PGE2 production. The effect of HJ on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 was also studied. HJ dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 20-100 microg/ml), and increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and prolyl hydroxylase activities of MC3T3-E1 cells (20-100 microg/ml), while anti-estrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1 which was induced by HJ. These results indicate that HJ directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Also, when we assessed the effects of HJ on osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1, HJ enhanced ALP activity and mineralization in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This stimulatory effect of the HJ was observed at relatively low doses (significant at 20-100 microg/ml and maximal at 100 microg/ml). Northern blot analysis showed that the HJ (60 microg/ml) increased in bone morphogenetic protein-2 as well as ALP mRNA concentrations in MC3T3-E1 cells. HJ (100 microg/ml) slightly increased in type I collagen mRNA abundance throughout the culture period, whereas it markedly inhibited the gene expression of collagenase-1 between days 15 and 20 of culture. These results indicate that HJ has anabolic effect on bone through the promotion of osteoblastic differentiation, suggesting that it could be used for the treatment of common metabolic bone diseases.     

Stimulative effects of Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) on osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) has long been known to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on damaged tissue, inflammation and bone among other functions. To treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a herbal medicine, Ulmus davidiana Planch (Ulmaceae) extract (UD) is being used in traditional oriental medicine. The effect of UD on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in non-transformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) was studied. UD dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 5-20 microg/ml). UD increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and prolyl hydroxylase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells (5-20 microg/ml). Antiestrogen tamoxifen eliminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1, which was induced by UD. UD at concentrations ranged from 30 to 100 microg/ml inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in MC3T3-E1. These results indicate that UD directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. These results also suggest and UD is effective for bone anti-resorptive action in bone cells.     

高效液相色谱法测定仙茅中仙茅苷的含量

目的 :建立中药材仙茅中仙茅苷含量的反相高效液相色谱法。方法 :甲醇为溶剂 ,超声提取 ,Sep-PakC₁₈柱净化 ,色谱柱IntertsillODS- 3,流动相甲醇-水-冰醋酸 (45∶80∶1) ,流速 1.0mL·min^-1,检测波长 283nm。结果 :平均回收率为 99.2% ,RSD =1.7% (n=5 ) ,6个不同来源的仙茅药材中仙茅苷的含量在 0.11%～0.35%。结论 :可作为仙茅药材的质量控制方法。     

Stimulative effects of Drynariae Rhizoma extracts on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

Pharmacological factors are needed to prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age. The chemical compounds that act on bone metabolism in herbal medicines, however, are poorly understood. Effects of traditional Korean medicine, Drynariae Rhizoma [Drynaria fortunei (kunze) J. Sm] extract (DR), on the osteoblastic proliferation and differentiation were investigated. The effect of DR, a natural phyto herb, on the proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in non-transformed osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) was studied. DR dose-dependently increased DNA synthesis (significant at 50-150 microg/ml). DR increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and prolyl hydroxylase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells (50-150 microg/ml). Antiestrogen tamoxifen eleminated the stimulation of proliferation and ALP activity of MC3T3-E1, which were induced by DR. DR at concentrations ranged from 30-100 microg/ml inhibited prostaglandin E2 production in MC3T3-E1. These results indicate that DR directly stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. These results also suggest and DR is effective for bone anti-resorptive action in bone cells.     

Stimulatory effects of extract prepared from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia blume on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells

The ethanol extract from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia Blume (CCE) was tested for estrogenic activity. CCE (4-60 microg/mL) significantly induced the growth of MCF-7 cells, an ER-positive human breast cancer cell line, over that of untreated control cells (p < 0.05). In the ER competitive binding assay, CCE showed higher affinity with ERbeta compared with ERalpha. To investigate the bioactivities of CCE, which act on bone metabolism, the effects of CCE on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and the production of local factors in osteoblasts were studied. CCE (4-60 microg/mL) dose-dependently increased the survival of MC3T3-E1 cells. In addition, CCE (10 and 50 microg/mL) increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis and osteocalcin secretion in MC3T3-E1 cells. Treatment with CCE (10 and 50 microg/mL) prevented apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha (10(-10) m) in osteoblastic cells. In the presence of TNF-alpha, culture with CCE (10-100 microg/mL) for 48 h inhibited the production of IL-6 and nitric oxide in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. These results suggest that Cinnamomum cassia has a direct stimulatory effect on bone formation in vitro and may contribute to the prevention of osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.     

仙茅苷促MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞增殖、分化及钙化作用的研究

目的:考察仙茅苷对MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞的增殖、分化及钙化功能的影响。方法:用不同浓度仙茅苷加入MC3T3-E1细胞培养体系中,MTT法检测细胞增殖水平;用茜素红染色法考察骨小结形成能力;以对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法检测碱性磷酸酶的活性。结果:仙茅苷(10-4～10-8mol.L-1)对细胞增殖有促进作用,高浓度(10-4～10-6 mol.L-1时作用明显,其中48h为最佳作用时间;仙茅苷以10-7、10-9 mol.L-1浓度在96h时可促进MC3T3-E1细胞碱性磷酸酶活性;仙茅苷浓度为10-9 mol.L-1时对于骨小结形成最为有效。结论:仙茅苷对MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞的增殖、分化及骨小结形成均有促进作用。     

基于分子对接的方法探讨桑根酮C对MC3T3-E1细胞的作用

目的:观察桑根酮C(SanC)对地塞米松(DEX)作用下小鼠MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响,并探讨其作用机制。方法:将SanC与同源建模所得的Runt-相关转录因子2(Runx2)蛋白结构进行分子对接。不同浓度SanC(8,16,32μmol·L^-1)和1μmol·L^-1DEX共同作用MC3T3-E1细胞,而后采用细胞增殖-毒性检测试剂盒(CCK-8)法检测SanC对MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖影响。试剂盒测定MC3T3-E1成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和茜素红染色检测骨矿化结节的形成。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(Real-time PCR)检测Runt-相关转录因子2(Runx2),ALP,和锌指结构转录因子(Osterix)mRNA的表达水平。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测Runx2蛋白表达。结果:SanC与Runx2对接打分为-9.78。与正常组比较,DEX组显著降低细胞存活率(P<0.01),其中7 d存活率差异达到最大;与DEX组比较,SanC能显著促进MC3T3-E1的细胞增值(P<0.01),其中32μmol·L^-1SanC作用细胞7 d增殖率差异达到最大。与正常组比较,DEX组Runx2,ALP和Osterix mRNA的表达均有一定程度升高(P<0.05);与DEX组比较,不同浓度SanC组依赖性上调Runx2,ALP和Osterix mRNA的表达(P<0.01)。与正常组比较,DEX组Runx2蛋白表达明显下降(P<0.05);与DEX组比较,SanC干预下细胞Runx2蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01)。结论:桑根酮C能促进MC3T3-E1成骨细胞增殖、分化和矿化,其机制可能与上调Runx2表达有关。     

竹节参对MC3T3-E1成骨样细胞增殖与分化的影响

目的：研究竹节参不同提取物对体外培养成骨样细胞（MC3T3-E1）增殖、分化作用的影响。方法：采用MC3T3-E1细胞为体外药物筛选的细胞模型,用MTT法测定药物对成骨细胞的增殖作用,碱性磷酸酶（ALP）试剂盒测定ALP的活性,考察竹节参不同提取物对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖、分化作用的影响。结果：10^-1mg／mL的竹节参水提物和10^-4mg／mL的95％乙醇提取物能显著促进MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖和分化（P〈0．05）。结论：一定浓度的竹节参水提物和95％乙醇提取物能显著促进MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖和分化,该药物具有开发抗骨质疏松药物的潜力。     

左归丸通过线粒体途径抗叔丁基过氧化氢诱导的MC3T3-E1细胞凋亡

目的:观察左归丸对叔丁基过氧化氢诱导的MC3T3-E1细胞凋亡的保护效应,探讨其作用机制是否与其干预线粒体途径有关。方法:以成骨细胞MC3T3-E1为研究对象,制备左归丸含药血清,建立叔丁基过氧化氢(t-BHP)成骨细胞MC3T3-E1氧化应激模型,实验分为空白组,t-BHP组,左归丸+t-BHP组,补佳乐+t-BHP组。孵育24,48,72 h后,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测左归丸含药血清对t-BHP诱导MC3T3-E1细胞存活的影响;孵育48 h后,采用吖啶橙溴乙啶(AO/EB)染色法检测细胞凋亡,采用Hoechst 33342染色法观察凋亡细胞核变化,采用罗丹明123荧光染色法观察线粒体膜电位的改变,采用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法分析线粒体蛋白家族B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax),半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(Caspase-3)蛋白表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,t-BHP组显著抑制细胞增殖(P0.05,P0.01),细胞凋亡增加,线粒体膜电位降低,Bcl-2蛋白表达明显下调(P0.01);与t-BHP组比较,左归丸加t-BHP组促进暴露于t-BHP诱导的MC3T3-E1氧化损伤细胞的存活(P0.01),48 h者尤佳,逆转细胞凋亡情况,提高细胞线粒体膜电位,上调Bcl-2蛋白表达(P0.05),抑制Bax和Caspase-3蛋白表达(P0.01)。结论:左归丸含药血清能够抗t-BHP诱导的MC3T3-E1细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与其干预线粒体途径有关。     

六味地黄丸含药血清对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖以及对Runx2、FOXO1 mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨六味地黄丸含药血清对MC3T3-E1细胞增殖以及对Runx2、FOXO1 mRNA表达的影响。方法制作六味地黄丸混悬液,对成年Wistar大鼠进行灌胃,获取六味地黄丸含药血清。常规培养MC3T3-E1细胞24 h后更换含10%不同浓度含药血清的培养基,分别培养48 h和72 h后用CCK-8法检测MC3T3-E1细胞的增殖;对MC3T3-E1细胞进行诱导培养22天后进行饥饿培养24h,随后更换含10%不同浓度的含药血清,培养72 h后检测Runx2、FOXO1 mRNA表达。结果六味地黄丸含药血清能促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,并且呈现一定的剂量依赖性;同时六味地黄丸含药血清各剂量组均能明显促进Runx2 mRNA的表达(P0.01),高剂量组的表达明显高于低剂量组(P0.01)。高剂量组的FOX01 mRNA表达明显高于其他3组(P0.01)。结论六味地黄丸含药血清能促进MC3T3-E1细胞增殖,同时能促进Runx2、FOXO1 mRNA表达。     

仙茅水提取物灌胃给予大鼠后入血成分研究

目的:测定并确认仙茅水提取物的入血成分。方法:大鼠灌胃给予仙茅水提取物,以HPLC测定不同血浆样品的色谱图,确认入血成分的色谱峰,以HPLC-MS-MS和NMR确定入血成分的结构。结果:苔黑酚葡萄糖苷和仙茅苷是仙茅水提取物的主要成分,含量分别为4.26%和0.96%。其中,苔黑酚葡萄糖苷以原型吸收入血,而仙茅苷等其他成分在本实验色谱条件下未从血中检测到。仙茅苷原型没有入血的原因可能是其在胃中很快被降解为其他成分。结论:仙茅的入血成分为苔黑酚葡萄糖苷,为仙茅的药效物质基础研究以及进一步的体内代谢研究提供参考。     

Evaluation of estrogenic activity of alcoholic extract of rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides

The rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Amaryllidacea) is an important Ayurvedic as well as Unani drug. It is present in several drug formulations used in the treatment of menorrhagia and other gynecological problems. In this study, we conducted a comparative study of estrogenic activity of alcoholic extract of Curculigo orchioides with diethylstilbestrol in bilaterally ovariectomized young albino rats. Bilaterally ovariectomized albino rats were divided into five groups (n=9) receiving different treatments, consisting of vehicle (0.6% w/v sodium carboxy methyl cellulose), ethanolic extract of rhizomes of Curculigo orchioides at three different doses (viz., 300, 600, 1200 mg/kg body weight) and standard drug diethylstilbestrol (DES) at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. All these were administered orally daily for 7 days. Estrogenic activity was assessed by taking percentage vaginal cornification, uterine wet weight, uterine glycogen content and uterine histology as parameters of assessment. Alcoholic extract of Curculigo orchioides showed a significant increase in percentage vaginal cornification, uterine wet weight (P<0.001), uterine glycogen content (P<0.001) and a proliferative changes in uterine endometrium compared to the control.     

Effects of soybean ethanol extract on the cell survival and oxidative stress in osteoblastic cells

Recent evidence suggests that high concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) are thought to increase the apoptosis in osteoblasts and bone resorption and may have important roles in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast metabolism, especially in rheumatoid arthritis. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of soybean ethanol extract on the scavenging properties using DPPH and the TNF-alpha and NO production of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. The soy extract and its fractions according to polarity displayed a strong free radical scavenger activity at 0.01 approximately 0.1g/L, except for aquous fraction which had no significant effect on the function of MC3T3-E1 cells (p < 0.05). TNF-alpha secretion by MC3T3-E1 cells was reduced significantly when stimulated with soy extract (0.05 g/L). Nitrite accumulation in culture medium and apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells were induced by the addition of 10(-10) M TNF-alpha, and inhibited by the simultaneous addition of soy extract (0.05g/L).     

补肾活血固齿方对小鼠颅顶前成骨细胞骨钙素合成的影响

目的观察补肾活血固齿方对小鼠颅顶前成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1细胞)骨钙素(OCN)合成的影响。方法用10%补肾活血固齿方含药血清、无药血清、胎牛血清分别培养MC3T3-E1细胞24 h、48 h、72 h,125Ⅰ放射免疫法检测3组细胞上清液中OCN的含量。结果含药血清组24、48、72 h OCN含量与无药血清组、胎牛血清组同期比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),含药血清组24、48、72 h OCN含量显著高于无药血清组、胎牛血清组同期。结论补肾活血固齿方可提高MC3T3-E1细胞分泌OCN的水平,促进该细胞分化为成骨细胞,加速骨的形成。     

JNK通路对左归丸含药血清调控MC3T3 成骨细胞Runx2 mRNA表达的影响

目的:探讨c-Jun氨端激酶(JNK)信号通路在左归丸含药血清调控成骨前体细胞(MC3T3-E1)增殖和成骨特异转录因子核心结合因子(Runx2) mRNA表达中的作用.方法:以MC3T3-E1为研究对象,制备左归丸含药血清,选用JNK特异抑制剂SP 600125,实验分为空白对照组、SP 600125组、左归丸组、左归丸加SP 600125组、倍美力组、倍美力加SP 600125组.孵育48 h后,采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测SP600125对左归丸含药血清干预MC3T3-E1成骨前体细胞增殖作用的影响,采用Western blot法分析JNK蛋白磷酸化水平,采用Real Time RT-PCR法检测成骨细胞特异转录因子Runx2 mRNA表达情况.结果:与空白对照组比较,左归丸含药血清组显著促进细胞增殖,明显上调p-JNK蛋白和Runx2 mRNA表达(P＜0.01);SP600125显著抑制左归丸含药血清诱导的增殖和p-JNK蛋白表达(P＜0.01),对Runx2 mRNA表达的影响不显著.结论:JNK信号通路的激活可能参与了左归丸含药血清诱导的MC3T3-E1成骨前体细胞增殖,但左归丸含药血清诱导的Runx2mRNA高表达对JNK信号通路依赖不显著.     

Cuscuta chinensis seeds water extraction protecting murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced injury

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Cuscuta chinensis (C. chinensis) is a well-known traditional Chinese herb that has been used to treat heart disease, diabetes, liver injury, cancer, and aging.

Materials and methods

Murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were treated with various concentrations of C. chinensis water extraction at different time intervals. The antioxidant effect of C. chinensis on MC3T3-E1 cells was evaluated using MTT and TUNEL assays. The effect of C. chinensis on cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry with propidium iodide. Lipid peroxidation was measured by the HPLC method. The cellular redox status was determined from the reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) and the enzymes involved in glutathione metabolism, including glutathione reductase (GR), Glutathione S-transferase (GST), and Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The changes in relative mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) in the MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed with rhodamine 123 staining. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the levels of cytochrome c (cyto c), Bax, Bcl-2, caspase 3, Sirt3, and IDH2 expressions.

Results

The C. chinensis water extraction protects tertiary butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-treated MC3T3-E1 cells from death in a dose-dependent manner. C. chinensis treatment significantly inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GR, GST, and G6PD. The release of cyto c from mitochondria was reduced by C. chinensis, which increased the expression of antiapoptotic IDH2, Sirt3, and Bcl-2 and decreased the expression of Bax, cyto c, and caspase 3.

Conclusions

C. chinensis modulated the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 cells, probably due to its antioxidant activity and functioning via mitochondria-dependent pathways.     

补肾活血固齿方对小鼠颅顶前成骨细胞碱性磷酸酶活性的影响

目的观察补肾活血固齿方对小鼠颅顶前成骨细胞(MC3T3-E1)碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性的影响,探讨其对成骨细胞分化的作用机制。方法将20只SD大鼠随机分为含药血清组和无药血清组,各10只。含药血清组大鼠予补肾活血固齿方灌胃,无药血清组予等容积0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,均灌胃7 d后抽取腹主动脉血制备成含药血清和无药血清。胎牛血清组为直接购买的PAA胎牛血清。分别用含10%含药血清、10%无药血清及10%胎牛血清的培养基培养MC3T3-E1细胞24、48、72 h,检测MC3T3-E1细胞中ALP的含量。结果含药血清组培养24、48、72 h后MC3T3-E1细胞ALP含量均高于胎牛血清组及无药血清组同期水平,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),但胎牛血清组与无药血清组同期差异无统计学意义(P0.05);含药血清组MC3T3-E1细胞ALP含量随培养时间的延长而明显增加(P0.05)。结论补肾活血固齿方可增强MC3T3-E1细胞中ALP活性,促进MC3T3-E1细胞向成骨细胞分化,且均有一定时间依赖性。