MRI影像组学联合炎症因子对肝细胞肝癌微血管侵犯的预测价值

【摘要】目的：探讨基于MRI影像组学联合炎症因子术前预测肝细胞肝癌（HCC）微血管侵犯（MVI）的价值。方法：纳入经病理证实的HCC患者221例,其中MVI阳性117例,MVI阴性104例。比较MVI阴性与阳性患者的炎症因子、影像特征差异,运用多因素Logistic分析确定MVI的独立危险因素,建立影像特征及炎症因子预测模型。勾画Gd-DTPA 增强门静脉期瘤周20mm及瘤内所有层面,使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）算法筛选影像组学特征,建立瘤周、瘤内、瘤周及瘤内共三种影像组学模型。选择瘤周、瘤内影像组学及炎症因子建立联合预测模型,使用ROC曲线在验证组中评估模型的预测效能。结果：Logistic多因素分析结果显示肿瘤最大直径、包膜、动脉期瘤周强化、［碱性磷酸酶（ALP）+γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)］/淋巴细胞计数（AGLR）是MVI的独立危险因素,基于上述独立危险因素建立的影像特征及炎症因子预测模型预测HCC MVI的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）训练组为0.80,验证组为0.75。基于瘤周及瘤内影像组学建立的影像组学模型较仅包含瘤内影像组学的模型预测HCC MVI的AUC高（瘤周及瘤内模型在训练组和验证组的AUC分别为0.83、0.79,瘤内模型在训练组和验证组的AUC分别为0.75、0.73）。瘤周、瘤内影像组学及炎症因子构建的联合预测模型预测HCC MVI的AUC训练组为0.87,验证组为0.82。结论：基于Gd-DTPA门静脉期建立的瘤周及瘤内影像组学模型可对HCC MVI进行术前预测,联合炎症因子可进一步提高其预测效能。     

术前增强CT影像组学预测肝癌术后早期复发的价值

目的:探讨基于术前双期增强CT的影像组学分析结合支持向量机(SVM)方法对肝细胞癌(HCC)术后早期复发的预测价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实且术前行上腹部CT增强扫描的130例HCC患者的临床及影像资料.对所有患者在术后进行定期随访,术后2年内有复发或转移者61例(早期复发组),无早期复发者69例.对2组患者的临床资...     

MR全肝增强灌注Tofts模型分析对肝癌微循环功能状态的影像生物学标记物的评价研究

目的:探讨MR全肝增强灌注Tofts模型分析对HCC微循环功能状态的影像生物学标记物的评估价值。方法:44例经病理证实的HCC患者术前行全肝DCE-MRI成像,DCE-MRI数据应用Tofts模型进行后处理分析。将所获的HCC影像生物学标记物Ktrans、Kep、Ve及灌注参数彩图与病理分级及微血管密度(MVD)进行对照研究。并将结果进行统计学分析。结果:HCC的影像生物学标记物(Ktrans、Kep)与微血管密度呈明显正相关(r值分别为0.881和0.746,P=0.000);参数Ve值与病理分级呈负相关(r=-0.411,P=0.006)。结论:MR全肝增强灌注成像Tofts模型分析的微循环灌注影像生物学标记物(Ktrans、Kep及Ve)能够对HCC微循环功能进行准确评价,为无创活体评价肝癌微循环功能状态提供可靠的诊断依据。     

肝细胞肝癌肿瘤ADC值与病理分级的相关性研究

目的 探讨肝细胞肝癌(HCC)磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)表观扩散系数(ADC)最小值和平均值与肿瘤病理分级的相关性.方法 回顾性分析241例经手术病理证实为HCC患者的术前MRI图像.所有患者术前均行MRI平扫、增强及DWI成像.根据磁共振增强图像,感兴趣区(ROI)尽量避开瘤内坏死灶及血管,分别测量肿瘤实性部分的平均ADC值和最小ADC值.比较不同病理级别间肿瘤实性部分平均ADC值和最小ADC值的差异及其与病理分级的相关性.采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析最小ADC值区分低分化与非低分化HCC的最佳临界值及其敏感度和特异度.结果 低、中、高分化HCC肿瘤实性部分平均ADC值依次为0.99×10-3 mm2/s、1.14×10-3mm2/s、1.14×10-3 mm2/s;最小ADC值分别为0.84×10-3mm2/s、0.98×10-3 mm2/s、1.02×10-3 mm2/s.低分化组平均ADC值及最小ADC值均低于中分化组和高分化组(P均＜0.05);肿瘤最小ADC值与肿瘤病理分级呈负相关(rs=-0.118,P ＜0.05),平均ADC值与病理分级无相关性(rs=-0.09,P＞0.05).以最小ADC值≤0.925×10-3mm2/s为阈值,诊断低分化HCC的敏感度为60％,特异度为70％,ROC曲线下面积为0.648.结论 HCC DWI肿瘤最小ADC值有助于术前预测评估肿瘤病理分级.     

血清血管内皮细胞生长因子与肝细胞癌临床关系的研究

目的检测肝细胞癌(HCC)经导管化疗栓塞(TACE)前血清血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)水平,并研究其与HCC侵袭,特别是复发转移的关系. 资料与方法前瞻性对30例HCC患者分别于术前取外周静脉血采用酶联免疫夹心法(ELISA)定量测量血清VEGF水平,于TACE术后3个月评估患者肝癌复发转移发生情况,同时以20例健康男性作为对照组予以对照. 结果 (1)对照组20例血清VEGF水平为22.82±10.95ng/L;(2)30例HCC患者术前血清VEGF水平为154.47±90.17ng/L,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P=0.0001);(3)转移肝癌组患者术前的血清VEGF为211.06±112.11ng/L,显著高于非转移肝癌组患者(135.79±49.82ng/L,P＜0.05).追踪半年期间,血清VEGF高水平组(＞100ng/L)患者中74%再发;而血清VEGF低水平组(＜100ng/L)的患者中无1例再发. 结论血清VEGF高水平是对应的肿瘤组织高表达的结果,与TACE术后HCC复发转移发生有关,HCC患者在TACE术前的血清VEGF水平可以作为预测HCC患者介入后复发转移的生物学指标.     

肝细胞肝癌的IVIM-DWI多定量参数与病理的相关性研究

目的探讨体素内不相干运动-扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)多定量参数对肝细胞肝癌(HCC)微循环状态的评估价值。方法前瞻性纳入行腹部常规MRI及IVIM-DWI检查且经手术病理证实的HCC病人30例,其中男17例,女13例,平均年龄(56.13±7.45)岁。在肝脏IVIM-DWI中分别测量肿瘤实质区多定量参数[表观扩散系数(ADC)、扩散系数(D)、假扩散系数(D^*)和灌注分数(PF)]值。对HCC行病理分级,并采用Weidner方法对CD34-微血管密度(CD34-MVD)、α-平滑肌激动蛋白(α-SMA)进行计数。采用Pearson相关或Spearman秩相关分析多定量参数与HCC的病理分级及其CD34-MVD、α-SMA的相关性,采用多组间方差分析比较HCC不同病理分级间多定量参数值及病理免疫组化指标的差异。结果ADC、D值与CD34-MVD、α-SMA呈负相关,D^*、PF值分别与CD34-MVD、α-SMA呈正相关。ADC、D值与HCC病理分级呈中度负相关,D^*、PF值与HCC病理分级呈中度正相关,且ADC、D及PF值在不同病理分级间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),随着病理级别的增高,ADC、D值逐渐减小,PF值逐渐增大,D*值在不同病理分级组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CD34-MVD、α-SMA与HCC病理分级呈强正相关,且在不同病理分级间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论IVIM-DWI的多定量参数可以反映HCC的病理分级及微循环功能状态,为HCC的诊断与治疗评估提供活体检测的客观指标。     

基于多序列MRI影像组学评分及临床参数预测肝细胞癌微血管浸润的nomogram模型研究

目的:基于肝细胞癌(HCC)患者的临床资料及多模态肝脏影像组学分析建立机器学习模型,探讨此模型术前预测HCC微血管浸润(MVI)的价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年3月-2021年9月在本院经病理证实为原发性HCC的130例患者的术前肝脏MRI及临床资料。基于病理检查结果,将患者分为MVI阳性组及MVI阴性组。记录患者的各项术前临床资料。所有患者术前行MRI检查,检查序列包括T₂WI、DWI和ADC以及Gd-EOB-DTPA对比增强动脉期、门脉期、延迟期和肝胆期T₁WI共7个序列。由放射科医师评估肿瘤的常规影像特征。自7个序列的图像上分别提取影像组学特征并进行降维,然后采用线性支持向量机(SVM)方法构建预测MVI的预测模型。再将所有序列图像提取的特征整合,经降维分析后最终筛选出6个最佳组学特征并采用线性SVM方法构建多序列联合组学模型,然后基于此多序列联合组学模型计算每例患者的放射组学评分(Radscore)作为后续建模特征。最后共采用了5种机器学习算法对上述三类资料(即临床资料、常规影像特征、组学特征)中筛选出的特征进行综合模型的构建,包括...     

氩氦冷冻消融术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值对原发性肝癌患者预后的影响北大核心CSCD

目的探讨原发性肝癌(HCC)患者氩氦冷冻消融术前外周血中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)对患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析72例HCC患者行经皮穿刺氩氦冷冻消融术的相关临床病理资料。根据术前NLR,分为低NLR组(NLR<3.5)和高NLR组(NLR≥3.5),统计分析两组患者术后的总生存期(overall survival,OS),并对其影响预后的危险因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果所有患者经氩氦冷冻消融治疗后,中位生存期为22.4个月,其中高NLR组的中位生存期为13.2个月,低NLR组的中位生存期为24.2个月,两组中位生存期差异有统计学意义(P=0.003)。单因素分析显示:原发灶大小、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、白蛋白、总胆红素、胆碱酯酶、NLR是影响HCC患者氩氦冷冻消融术后生存期的相关因素(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示:原发灶大小和NLR是影响HCC患者氩氦冷冻消融术后生存的独立预后因素(P<0.05)。结论术前外周血中NLR可作为HCC患者行氩氦冷冻消融术的预后指标,肝内原发灶越大、NLR越高,患者预后越差。     

基于MRI平扫影像组学特征预测肝细胞癌分级

正摘要目的本研究旨在研究基于MRI的影像组学特征对术前肝细胞癌(HCC)分级预测的意义。方法 170例手术病理确诊为HCC的病人被分为训练组(125例)和测试组(45例)。     

CT影像组学联合炎症指标构建逻辑回归模型预测食管鳞癌新辅助化疗疗效

【摘要】目的：探究基于CT影像组学联合血液学炎症指标构建逻辑回归模型预测食管鳞癌新辅助化疗（NAC）疗效的可行性。方法：回顾性分析两家医院经病理证实的54例食管鳞癌患者在术前规范化NAC前、后两次胸部CT增强图像及NAC前一周内的血液学炎症指标检测结果。测量治疗前、后病灶的最长径,计算其变化率,并根据实体肿瘤疗效评价标准（RECIST 1.1）,将患者分为NAC有效组（30例）及无效组（24例）。采用独立样本t检验或Mann-Whitney U检验筛选血液学炎症指标中与疗效相关的因素。在患者治疗前静脉期图像上沿肿瘤边界逐层手工勾画ROI,最终生成三维感兴趣区（VOI）并提取其影像组学特征,使用最小冗余最大相关及Boruta工具包进行特征筛选并构建影像组学标签。分别建立影像组学特征、血液学炎症指标、影像组学标签联合血液学炎症指标的逻辑回归模型,采用混淆矩阵和ROC曲线分析模型对NAC疗效的预测效能,采用DCA曲线评估其临床实用价值。结果：外周血淋巴细胞计数及淋巴细胞数与单核细胞数的比值被纳入炎症指标模型。于治疗前静脉期图像上共提取了1168个组学特征,经降维后共筛选出5个影像组学特征（wavelet-HLL_gldm_DependenceEntropy、wavelet-HHL_gldm_LargeDependenceLowGrayLevelEmphasis、wavelet-HHH_glrlm_HighGrayLevelRunEmphasis、wavelet-HHH_glrlm_LowGrayLevelRunEmphasis和wavelet-HLL_glszm_ZoneEntropy）用于构建影像组学标签。基于影像组学、血液学炎症指标以及联合模型预测NAC疗效的的AUC分别为0.77、0.72和0.80。结论：基于新辅助化疗前的增强CT影像组学及血液学炎症指标特征构建的预测模型可较好的预测食管鳞癌患者新辅助化疗疗效,以联合模型的效能最优,可为临床制订个性化治疗方案提供参考。     

天冬氨酸转氨酶与中性粒细胞比值对肝癌患者TACE治疗预后的影响

目的 探讨经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)术前血清天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和中性粒细胞比值(ANRI)对肝细胞肝癌患者预后的评估价值.方法 收集2008年1月至2011年6月期间107例肝细胞肝癌患者的临床资料,研究对象均成功施行TACE,以5年总生存率绘制ROC曲线确定截断值,对术前患者的ANRI、AST与淋巴细胞比值(ALRI)、AST与血小板计数比值(APRI)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板计数与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)及其他临床病理参数进行单因素、多因素Logisitc回归分析及Kaplan-Meier生存分析,以确定上述因素对无病生存期(DFS)和生存期(0S)的预测价值.结果 ANRI与HBsAg、AST、肝硬化的存在、肿瘤大小、门静脉癌栓及肿瘤的复发具有相关性(P＜0.05).通过单因素分析显示,ANRI、ALRI、APRI、NLR、PLR与接受TACE治疗肝癌患者的DFS和OS具有显著相关性(P＜0.05).多因素Logisitc回归分析显示,ANRI被证明是该类患者DFS和OS的独立影响因素(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier生存分析表明,术前ANRI＞7.8的患者行TACE治疗后预后较差.结论 TACE术前ANRI水平是肝细胞肝癌患者预后独立的预测因素,ANRI水平较高往往提示该类患者行TACE治疗的预后较差.     

血清NLR、TLR2、CRP/ALB水平与股骨颈骨折术后感染相关性及临床预测价值分析

目的 研究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte Ratio,NLR)、Toll样受体-2(TLR2)及C反应蛋白/白蛋白(CRP/ALB)水平与股骨颈骨折术后感染的相关性,并分析其在预测股骨颈骨折术后感染中的临床价值。 方法 选取内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院2018.06-2021.06股骨颈骨折手术279例,根据术后感染情况分为感染组（n=30）和非感染组（n=249）,同期60例健康体检合格者纳为对照组,分别在股骨颈骨折患者术后d1及对照组入组后,采集被研究者外周静脉血,电阻法检测NLR水平,酶联免疫吸附法检测TLR2以及CRP/ALB水平。分别比较各组NLR、TLR2以及CRP/ALB水平。先后行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析,分析影响股骨颈骨折术后感染的独立危险因素。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析术后1 d NLR、TLR2、CRP/ALB水平在预测骨折术后感染中的价值。 结果 股骨颈骨折患者术后1 d NLR、TLR2、CRP/ALB水平均高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.001）。感染组术后d1 NLR、TLR2、CRP/ALB水平均高于非感染组,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素回归分析发现,术前贫血、围术期异体输血、手术时间以及术后1 d NLR、TLR2以及CRP/ALB水平是影响股骨颈骨折术后感染的独立因素。绘制ROC曲线发现,术后1 d NLR、TLR2、CRP/ALB单独应用,在预测股骨颈骨折术后感染中,以CRP/ALB最高,其AUC=0.888,95%CI为(0.811~0.964),三指标联合应用则可提高各指标单独应用时效能,其AUC=0.900,95%CI为(0.825~0.975)。 结论 股骨颈骨折术后1 d 外周血NLR、TLR2、CRP/ALB水平异常升高是股骨颈骨折患者术后手术部位感染的独立危险因素,并在预测股骨颈骨折术后感染中具有一定的价值。     

Histological differentiation grade and microvascular invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma predicted by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Purpose:

To explore the potential use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting the outcome for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), imaging characteristics were correlated with pathological findings and clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods:

With permission from the Ethical Board, clinical data and tissues of resected HCC patients were collected, including the preoperative MRI. The role of MRI characteristics on recurrence and survival were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results:

Between January 2000 and December 2008, 87 patients with 104 HCCs were operated on. Microvascular invasion was present in 55 lesions (53%). HCC was characterized as well differentiated in 15 lesions (14%), as moderate in 50 lesions (48%), and as poorly differentiated in 34 lesions (33%). Due to preoperative treatment in five lesions (5%) no vital tumor was left. In 85 lesions (88%) washout of contrast was noted. Of the 87 patients, 28 (32%) with 37 lesions developed HCC recurrence; these patients had microvascular invasion significantly more often and a moderate or poorly differentiated tumor (P < 0.001 and P = 0.025, respectively). MRI more often showed washout when HCC was moderately or poorly differentiated (P < 0.001) or microvascular invasion was present (P = 0.032).

Conclusion:

Differentiation grade and microvascular invasion are significantly associated with the presence of washout demonstrated on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:641–647. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

MRI动态增强定量灌注参数评价宫颈癌微循环及病理分级中的研究

目的探讨多期动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量灌注参数在宫颈癌微循环及病理分级中的价值。方法选取2017年1月~2018年12月在绍兴市人民医院就诊且手术病理证实为子宫颈癌21例(鳞癌17例,腺癌4例)及子宫肌瘤患者22例,术前行盆腔多期DCE-MRI检查,选择Extended Tofts和Exchange模型分别计算宫颈癌与子宫肌瘤、低分化与中高分化宫颈癌的定量灌注参数(Ktrans、K ep、V e、V p、PS、F p),对比分析组间差异及组内差异;在低分化与中高分化2组中,筛选出有统计学意义的参数,以病理为金标准绘制ROC曲线,评价不同参数的诊断效能。结果磁共振定量灌注参数K trans、K ep、V e、PS在宫颈癌组和子宫肌瘤组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),低分化与中高分化宫颈癌K trans、PS、F p值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。绘制K trans、PS、F p值鉴别低分化组的ROC曲线,曲线下面积分别为0.867、0.867、0.867。结论DCE-MRI定量灌注参数可用于宫颈癌的诊断及病理分级,特别是K trans、PS、F p值在宫颈癌病理分化中具有较高的诊断效能,可作为宫颈癌病理分化的预测因子。     

Measurements of diagnostic examination performance using quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in the preoperative evaluation of tumor grade in cerebral gliomas

Purpose

Tumor grading is very important both in treatment decision and evaluation of prognosis. While tissue samples are obtained as part of most therapeutic approaches, factors that may result in inaccurate grading due to sampling error (namely, heterogeneity in tissue sampling, as well as tumor-grade heterogeneity within the same tumor specimen), have led to a desire to use imaging better to ascertain tumor grade. The purpose in our study was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the curve (AUC), and accuracy of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI), proton MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) or both in grading primary cerebral gliomas.

Materials and methods

We performed conventional MR imaging (MR), DWI, and MRSI in 74 patients with newly diagnosed brain gliomas: 59 patients had histologically verified high-grade gliomas: 37 glioblastomas multiform (GBM) and 22 anaplastic astrocytomas (AA), and 15 patients had low-grade gliomas. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of tumor and peritumoral edema, and ADC ratios (ADC in tumor or peritumoral edema to ADC of contralateral white matter, as well as ADC in tumor to ADC in peritumoral edema) were determined from three regions of interest. The average of the mean, maximum, and minimum for ADC variables was calculated for each patient. The metabolite ratios of Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA at intermediate TE were assessed from spectral maps in the solid portion of tumor, peritumoral edema and contralateral normal-appearing white matter. Tumor grade determined with the two methods was then compared with that from histopathologic grading. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to determine optimum thresholds for tumor grading. Measures of diagnostic examination performance, such as sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, AUC, and accuracy for identifying high-grade gliomas were also calculated.

Results

Statistical analysis demonstrated a threshold minimum ADC tumor value of 1.07 to provide sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 79.7%, 60.0%, 88.7%, and 42.9% respectively, in determining high-grade gliomas. Threshold values of 1.35 and 1.78 for peritumoral Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA metabolite ratios resulted in sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 83.3%, 85.1%, 41.7%, 97.6%, and 100%, 57.4%, 23.1% and 100% respectively for determining high-grade gliomas. Significant differences were noted in the ADC tumor values and ratios, peritumoral Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA metabolite ratios, and tumoral Cho/NAA ratio between low- and high-grade gliomas. The combination of mean ADC tumor value, maximum ADC tumor ratio, peritumoral Cho/Cr and Cho/NAA metabolite ratios resulted in sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 91.5%, 100%, 100% and 60% respectively.

Conclusion

Combining DWI and MRSI increases the accuracy of preoperative imaging in the determination of glioma grade. MRSI had superior diagnostic performance in predicting glioma grade compared with DWI alone. The predictive values are helpful in the clinical decision-making process to evaluate the histologic grade of tumors, and provide a means of guiding treatment.     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗早期肿瘤直径MRI变化率和病理分级评价化疗疗效的意义

目的 探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗早期肿瘤最大径变化率,以及肿瘤治疗前和术后组织病理学变化,评价化疗疗效的意义.方法 49例乳腺癌患者,新辅助化疗前和术后均具有完整的组织病理结果;新辅助化疗前和化疗第2周期后及术前行3次乳腺增强MR检查,分别于注入对比剂前和注药后连续采集8次(8个时相).注射对比剂后2 min的图像与蒙片减影后行MIP重组.在MIP图像上测量肿块的最大径线(△d),根据△d值将直径变化率分为6级.根据实体肿瘤的疗效评价标准(RECIST)设△d晚≥30%为金标准,通过ROC分析观察△d早在判断疗效时的敏感度和特异度.病理分级与RECIST标准间进行Spearman相关分析.结果 新辅助化疗有效30例,无效19例.Ad早 10%时,评价疗效的敏感度为96.7%(29/30),特异度为84.2%(16/19);曲线下面积0.960.病理分级与RECIST标准间具有相关性(r=0.613,P=0.000).结论 新辅助化疗早期通过直径评价疗效,将阈值设为10%,其敏感度和特异度均较高.病理评价疗效与RECIST径线评价疗效间具有一定相关性,但病理评价会导致高估疗效.     

基于CT平扫纹理分析的影像组学预测肾透明细胞癌WHO/ISUP分级的初步研究

目的探讨基于肾脏CT平扫图像纹理分析的影像组学模型在预测肾透明细胞癌(ccRCC)WHO/国际泌尿病理学会(ISUP)病理分级中的价值。方法回顾性分析2016年12月至2019年5月中国科学院大学附属肿瘤医院经手术病理证实且有明确病理分级的90例ccRCC患者,按照7∶3的比例将所有患者随机分为训练组(63例)及测试组(27例)。根据2016版WHO/ISUP分级标准,将Ⅰ、Ⅱ级归为低级别组(53例),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级归为高级别组(37例)。在CT平扫图像上逐层勾画肿瘤ROI,提取93个纹理特征,利用最小绝对收缩与选择算子(LASSO)回归对特征参数进行降维,并建立影像组学评分(Rad-score)。以病理分级结果为金标准,采用logistic回归构建ccRCC病理分级的预测模型。采用ROC曲线及校准曲线评价模型的诊断效能,计算曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度和准确度。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评价模型的校准度。结果经降维和交叉验证后筛选出10个非零系数的纹理特征,根据这10个特征及其对应系数的线性加权形成预测ccRCC新病理分级的影像组学风险评分,并建立预测模型。该模型在训练组中的AUC值为0.933(95%CI 0.862~1.000),其判断WHO/ISUP分级高级别ccRCC的灵敏度为92.3%,特异度为89.2%,准确度为90.5%,校准曲线显示该模型的校准度较好(P=0.257)。在测试组中的AUC值为0.875(95%CI 0.734~1.000),灵敏度为72.7%,特异度为87.5%,准确度为81.5%,校准曲线显示该模型的校准度较好(P=0.125)。结论基于平扫CT纹理分析构建的影像组学预测模型对ccRCC WHO/ISUP病理分级的评估具有应用潜能。     

星形细胞瘤病理级别与MR影像表现的有序Logistic分析

目的: 探讨星形细胞瘤MRI表现与病理级别之间的关系.材料和方法: 回顾性分析病理证实的星形细胞101例,记录和测量13项影响因素,采用有序Logistic回归,分析影响因素与病理级别的关系.结果: 以无增强作基线参比,则结节状、环形和斑片增强的优势比分别是3.03、8.48和19.01.以无水肿作基线参比,其轻度、中度、重度水肿的优势比分别为2.28、8.19和45.06.出现斑片增强和重度水肿时,判定为病理1级、2级、3级和4级的概率分别是0.6%、4.2%、28.8%和66.4%,3级以上的累积概率是95.2%.结论: 瘤周水肿和增强程度是判定星形细胞瘤恶性程度的主要影响因素,瘤周水肿越严重和增强程度越高,肿瘤恶性的可能性越大.     

Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Differentiation of Biliary Atresia and Grading of Hepatic Fibrosis in Infants with Cholestasis

ObjectiveTo determine whether the values of hepatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can differentiate biliary atresia (BA) from non-BA or be correlated with the grade of hepatic fibrosis in infants with cholestasis.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included infants who received liver MRI examinations to evaluate cholestasis from July 2009 to October 2017. Liver ADC, ADC ratio of liver/spleen, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI), and spleen size were compared between the BA and non-BA groups. The diagnostic performances of all parameters for significant fibrosis (F3–4) were obtained by receiver-operating characteristics (ROCs) curve analysis.ResultsAltogether, 227 infants (98 males and 129 females, mean age = 57.2 ± 36.3 days) including 125 BA patients were analyzed. The absolute ADC difference between two reviewers was 0.10 mm²/s for both liver and spleen. Liver ADC value was specific (80.4%) and ADC ratio was sensitive (88.0%) for the diagnosis of BA with comparable performance. There were 33 patients with F0, 15 with F1, 71 with F2, 35 with F3, and 11 with F4. All four parameters of APRI (τ = 0.296), spleen size (τ = 0.312), liver ADC (τ = −0.206), and ADC ratio (τ = −0.288) showed significant correlation with fibrosis grade (all, p < 0.001). The cutoff values for significant fibrosis (F3–4) were 0.783 for APRI (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.721), 5.9 cm for spleen size (AUC, 0.719), 1.044 × 10⁻³ mm²/s for liver ADC (AUC, 0.673), and 1.22 for ADC ratio (AUC, 0.651).ConclusionLiver ADC values and ADC ratio of liver/spleen showed limited additional diagnostic performance for differentiating BA from non-BA and predicting significant hepatic fibrosis in infants with cholestasis.     

Analysis of diffusion tensor imaging metrics for gliomas grading at 3 T

Objectives

To assess the diagnostic accuracy of axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values derived from DTI for grading of glial tumors, and to estimate the correlation between DTI parameters and tumor grades.

Methods

Seventy-eight patients with glial tumors underwent DTI. AD, RD, ADC and FA values of tumor, peritumoral edema and contralateral normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and AD, RD, ADC and FA ratios: lowest average AD, RD, ADC and FA values in tumor or peritumoral edema to AD, RD, ADC and FA of NAWM were calculated.DTI parameters and tumor grades were analyzed statistically and with Pearson correlation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed.

Results

The differences in ADC, AD and RD tumor values, and ADC and RD tumor ratios were statistically significant between grades II and III, grades II and IV, and between grades II and III–IV. The AD tumor ratio differed significantly among all tumor grades.Tumor ADC, AD, RD and glial tumor grades were strongly correlated. In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) of the parameter tumor ADC was the largest for distinguishing grade II from grades III to IV (98.5%), grade II from grade IV (98.9%) and grade II from grade III (97.0%).

Conclusion

ADC, RD and AD are useful DTI parameters for differentiation between low- and high-grade gliomas with a diagnostic accuracy of more than 90%. Our study revealed a good inverse correlation between ADC, RD, AD and WHO grades II–IV astrocytic tumors.