HPLC法测定阿莫西林双氯西林钠胶囊含量

目的建立阿莫西林双氯西林钠胶囊中阿莫西林和双氯西林钠的含量测定方法。方法采用Shimadzu VP-ODS色谱柱,流动相为0.008 mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(用磷酸调节至pH4.5)-甲醇(体积比68∶32),检测波长225 nm。结果阿莫西林和双氯西林在该色谱条件下均有合适的保留,测定可在10 m in内完成。阿莫西林在0.0050~1.0000 mg/mL,双氯西林在0.0025~0.5036 mg/mL质量浓度范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。阿莫西林和双氯西林钠平均回收率(n=9)分别为99.4%(RSD=1.0%)和99.1%(RSD=0.97%)。结论该方法准确、重复性好、灵敏度高,可用于该产品的质量控制。     

注射用阿莫西林钠舒巴坦钠含量测定

采用HPLC法同时测定注射用阿莫西林钠和舒巴坦钠的含量,色谱条件为:Hp hypersil DOS柱,V(0.015mol/L乙酸钠,pH4.0):V(甲醇）=90:10为流动相,检测波长235nm ,阿莫西林在100～500ug/mL,舒巴坦在50～250ug/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系（r分别为0.9994和0.9991）,平均回收率分别为99.96%和99.87%,RSD分别为0.426%和0.646%。     

头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠与5种常用输液的配伍稳定性考察

目的:考察头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠与5种常用输液配伍的稳定性.方法:利用双波长分光光度法测定头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠联合制剂中头孢哌酮钠和舒巴坦钠的含量,并对与5种常用输液配伍的稳定性进行初步考察.结果:头孢哌酮钠在2～20 mg/L范围内浓度与吸收度呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.56mg/L,平均回收率为99.77%,RSD为1.06%(n=9).舒巴坦钠在2～20 mg/L范围内浓度与吸收度呈良好的线性关系,检测限为0.56 m/L,平均回收率为99.86%,RSD为1.09%(n=9].结论:临床上注射用头孢哌酮钠/舒巴坦钠在配制3 h内含量会有所下降,但变化不大,可与5种常用输液配伍使用,该实验可以为临床配伍提供一些参考.     

柱前衍生化HPLC法测定注射用帕米膦酸二钠含量

目的:建立9-氯甲酸芴甲酯(9-fluorenyl methyl chloroformate,FMOC-Cl)柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定注射用帕米膦酸二钠含量的方法。方法:碱性条件下供试品与FMOC衍生化反应,采用Linksil HPLC ODS C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),乙腈-0.4%EDTA(p H=7.2)(25∶75)为流动相,流速1 m L·min-1,检测波长为264 nm。结果:帕米膦酸二钠浓度在2³5μg·m L-1范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r=0.9995),检测限为0.5μg·m L-1,平均回收率101.2%(n=9)。结论:本法简单、准确、灵敏,适用于注射用帕米膦酸二钠的含量测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定人血阿莫西林钠/克拉维酸钾血药浓度

目的建立阿莫西林钠/克拉维酸钾人血药浓度的色谱分析方法。方法采用对乙酰氨基酚为内标,人血浆样品用甲醇沉淀蛋白后高速离心进样;色谱柱:C18色谱柱(依利特Hypersil BDS,5μm,4.6mm×150mm);流动相:乙腈-0.05mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液=10∶90(V/V,磷酸调pH至2.3);紫外检测波长:220nm;流速:1.0ml/min;柱温:25℃。结果克拉维酸钾、阿莫西林钠及内标物对乙酰氨基酚保留时间分别为5.3、7.2、8.5min,人血浆中内源性杂质对目标物的测定没有干扰。阿莫西林钠在0.52~4.16μg/ml范围线性良好(r2=0.9996),克拉维酸钾在0.266~2.14μg/ml范围线性良好(r2=0.9998);阿莫西林钠和克拉维酸钾的最低检测浓度分别为0.065和0.066μg/ml。;阿莫西林钠的相对回收率分别为95.9%~96.5%(n=5),克拉维酸钾的相对回收率分别为92.5%~98.8%(n=5),阿莫西林钠日内RSD为1.84%~6.4%,日间RSD为2.1%~7.8%;克拉维酸钾日内RSD为3.57%~8.6%,日间RSD为1.8%~9.1%。结论本方法简便、准确、灵敏、特异性强、重现性好,可作为同时测定人血浆中阿莫西林钠/克拉维酸钾浓度方法 。     

高效液相色谱法测定注射用头孢尼西钠的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定注射用头孢尼西钠含量的方法.方法 采用C18柱;以0.01 mol/L的磷酸二氢钾溶液(用磷酸调节pH值至3.5)-乙腈(75:25)为流动相,检测波长272 nm,流速0.8 ml/min,柱温25℃.结果 头孢尼西钠线性范围为60.09-140.21 μg/ml,回归方程为Y=14 097X 28 030(r=0.999 7);平均回收率99.86%,RSD为0.2%.结论 该高效液相色谱测定法可用于注射用头孢尼西钠的含量测定.     

高效液相色谱法测定注射用辛芍中野黄芩苷含量

目的: 建立注射用辛芍(冻干粉针)中野黄芩苷的含量测定方法.方法: 采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱:Diamonsil C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm);流动相:甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液(50∶50);流速:1.0 ml/min;检测波长:335 nm;柱温:40 ℃;进样量10 μl.结果: 野黄芩苷的线性范围为0.030～0.11 mg/L(r =0.999 8),平均回收率为100.2%,RSD为2.3%(n=9).结论: 反相高效液相色谱法测定注射用辛芍,方法准确、简便快速,重复性好.     

HPLC法测定注射用托拉塞米的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定注射用托拉塞米含量的方法.方法 釆用液相色谱法,色谱柱:Kromasil C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相:0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(pH3.0)-乙腈(体积比3∶1),流速:1.0 mL/min,检测波长:291 nm.结果 托拉塞米质量浓度在0.020～0.091 mg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均回收率为99.80%,RSD为0.66%.结论 该方法操作简便、快速、灵敏、准确,重现性好,可作为注射用托拉塞米的含量测定方法.     

采用高效液相色谱法测定注射用头孢美唑钠含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定注射用头孢美唑钠的含量。方法:采用Diamonsil-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以0.08mol·L-1醋酸铵溶液∶甲醇(80∶20)(混合后,冰醋酸调pH至6.0)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长254nm,柱温30℃;以外标法进行含量计算。结果:头孢美唑钠在0.0105~0.8400mg·mL-1浓度范围内,峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,方法平均回收率为99.89%,中间精密度RSD为1.41%(n=6)。结论:本法简便、专属、灵敏快速,可用于注射用头孢美唑钠含量的测定。     

麻醉学小讲课对临床医学本科生教学效果的改进

目的 建立凝胶色谱法测定注射用头孢美唑钠中聚合物。方法 色谱柱为玻璃柱（内径1.3 cm,柱长40 cm）,葡聚糖凝胶G-10（40～120 μm）为填充剂;流动相A为pH 7.0的0.1 mol/L磷酸缓冲液,流动相B为水;体积流量为1.5 mL/min;检测波长为254 nm;蓝色葡聚糖2000溶液的质量浓度为0.1 mg/mL;进样量200 μL。结果 A相中头孢美唑钠进样质量浓度在10～40 mg/L与头孢美唑钠高分子聚合物峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r=0.998 6）。B相中头孢美唑酸进样质量浓度在3.994～79.88 μg/mL线性关系良好（r=0.999 9）。3批样品中高分子聚合物质量分数为0.02%～0.03%。结论 该方法的精密度和准确度均能满足注射用头孢美唑钠中高分子聚合物质量控制的要求。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.