Mechanisms of apigenin-7-glucoside as a hepatoprotective agent

Objective lxeris chinesis (Thunb.) Ankai has been used as a Chinese folk medicine, but only scanty information is available on the physiological and biochemical functions of the compounds extracted from I. chinesis. In the present study the effects of apigenin -7-glucoside (APIG) isolated from L chinesis against liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) were investigated. Methods The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated by spectrophotography. The content of 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with electrochemical and UV detection methods. The antioxidant activity of APIG was evaluated using chemiluminescence single photon counting technology. Results CC14 significantly increased the enzyme activities of GPT and GOT in blood serum, as well as the level of MDA and 8-OHdG in liver tissue, and decreased the levels of GSH. Pretreatment with APIG was able not only to suppress the elevation of GPT, GOT, MDA and 8-OHdG, and inhibit the reduction of GSH in a dose-dependent manner in vivo, but also to reduce the damage of hepatocytes in vitro. On the other hand, we also found that APIG had strong antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion The hepatoprotective activity of APIG is possibly due to its antioxidant properties, acting as scavengers of ROS. These results obtained in vivo and in vitro suggest that APIG has protective effects against hepatic oxidative injury induced by chemicals.Further studies on the pharmaceutical functions and immunological responses of APIG may help its clinical application.     

山葡萄多酚对酒精慢性中毒大鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

目的:研究山葡萄多酚(PVAR)对酒精慢性中毒大鼠肝脏氧化损伤的保护作用,阐明PVAR防治酒精性肝病(ALD)的理论基础。方法:Wistar雄性大鼠40只,按体重区间随机分4组,每组10只：对照组,酒精组（33%酒精10 mL·kg^-1 灌胃）,低、高剂量PVAR组（33%酒精10 mL·kg^-1 灌胃前,灌胃200和400 mg·kg^-1  PVAR）。连续实验8周后,检测大鼠肝脏组织丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧（ROS）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、微粒体血红素氧化酶-1（HO-1）的活性以及血清谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、谷草转氨酶（GOT）含量。结果:与酒精组比较,低、高剂量PVAR组大鼠肝脏组织ROS、MDA明显降低(P<0.05)而GSH含量显著升高 (P<0.05,P<0.01);血清GPT、GOT含量明显下降（P<0.05),高剂量PVAR组SOD、HO-1活性明显升高（P<0.05）。结论:PVAR对酒精慢性中毒大鼠肝脏氧化损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与诱导HO-1活性,清除自由基,抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

利福平增加异烟肼肝毒性的机制探讨

目的　探讨利福平增加异烟肼肝毒性的机制。方法　分别测定异烟肼组、利福平组和联合用药组小鼠的血清谷丙转氨酶（ＧＰＴ）、肝指数、肝匀浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、肝微粒体Ｐ４５０和线粒体Ｃａ~２＋ＡＴＰ活性,及肝病理检查,结果与对照组或实验组之间进行比较。结果　异烟肼和利福平联合用药组的ＭＤＡ、ＧＰＴ明显增高,线粒体Ｃａ~２＋ ＡＴＰ酶活性明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且肝细胞坏死较为明显。结论　异烟肼和利福平联合用药后肝毒性增加与膜脂质过氧化、线粒体Ｃａ~２＋　ＡＴＰ酶受损及利福平诱导肝药酶有关。     

黄芩苷对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

[目的 ]探讨黄芩苷对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用 .[方法 ]采用D 氨基半乳糖及D 氨基半乳糖和内毒素合用建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型 ,测定小鼠血清中GOT ,GPT的含量 .[结果 ]腹腔注射 2 0 0mg/kg或 50 0mg/kg黄芩苷可以明显降低因D 氨基半乳糖及D 氨基半乳糖和内毒素合用所致肝损伤小鼠血清中GOT及GPT含量的升高 .[结论 ]黄芩苷对于受损的小鼠肝脏有一定的保护作用     

降钙素基因相关肽对大鼠肝脏缺血-再灌注损伤的保护作用

本实验观察到,大鼠肝脏缺血-再灌注引起血清谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性明显升高,若预先给予降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)则使GPT和GOT的漏出明显减轻。但在离体培养的大鼠肝细胞,CGRP对自由基生成系统黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶引起的细胞损伤未见有直接的保护作用。     

Protection Against Hepatic Ischemia—reperfusion Injury in Rats by Oral Pretreatment With Quercetin

To investigate the possible protection provided by oral quercetin pretreatment against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods:The quercetin(0.13 mmol/kg) was orally administratedin 50 min prior to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury,Ascorbic acid was also similarly administered.The hepatic content of quercetin was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Plasma glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT),glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT) activities and malondiadehyde(MDA) concentration were measured as markers of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.Meanwhile,hepatic content of glutathione(GSH),activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and xanthine oxidase(XO),total antioxidant capacity (TAOC),contents of reactive oxygen species(ROS) and MDA,DNA fragmentation were also determined.Results:Hepatic content of quercetin after intragastric administration of quercetin was increased significantly.The increases in plasma GPT,GOT activities and MDA concentration after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury were reduced significantly by pretreatment with quercetin.Hepatic content of GSH and activities of SOD,GSH-Px and TAOC were restored remarkably while the ROS and MDA contents were significantly diminished by quercetin pretreatment after ischemia-reperfusion injury.However,quercetin pretreatment did not reduce significantly hepatic XO activity and DNA fragmentation.Ascorbic acid pretreatment had also protective effects against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by restoring hepatic content of GSH,TAOC and diminishing ROS and MDA formation and DNA fragmentation.Conclusion.It is indicated that quercetin can protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury after oral pretreatment and the underlying mechanism is associated with improved hepatic antioxidant capacity.     

鸭跖草对四氯化碳和乙醇所致肝损伤的保护作用

[目的 ]研究鸭跖草水提物对四氯化碳和乙醇所致小鼠肝损伤的影响 .[方法 ]检测四氯化碳及乙醇所致的小鼠急性肝损伤血清中的谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性 .[结果 ]鸭跖草水提物在体内显著降低四氯化碳和乙醇所致小鼠血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性的升高 .[结论 ]鸭跖草水提物对小鼠四氯化碳和乙醇所致肝损伤具有保护作用 .     

复方丹参注射液对实验性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用

研究复方丹参注射液对实验性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用及其机制。方法：采用急性肝损伤模型，观察小鼠血浆和肝匀浆过氧化脂质（ＬＰＯ）、血浆丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及血清酶学改变。结果：复方丹参注射液防治组与对照组相比，小鼠肝损伤明显减轻，血浆和肝匀浆ＬＰＯ、ＭＤＡ含量下降，血清ＧＰＴ、ＧＯＴ降低，降低程度与用药量呈明显的量效关系。结论：复方丹参注射液对小鼠实验性肝损伤具有保护作用，其机制与抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

病毒性肝炎患着血清谷胱甘肽-S转移酶活性测定的意义

本文采用本室建立的方法平行检测了192例各类肝脏疾病及721例非肝脏疾病患者血清谷胱甘酞-S转移酶(EC2.5.1.18,GST)及GPT水平。结果表明,血清GST活性测定是一项特异性和敏感性均较好的肝功能指标,诊断急性肝损害的敏感性与GPT相似,诊断慢性肝损害的敏感性明显优于GPT;对重型肝炎的预后判断也有重要意义,“GST/GPT分离”是预后不良的标志。血清GST活性变化与肝脏的病理改变一致,动态观察血清GST活性变化可能是一项间接了解肝脏病理改变的可靠指标。此外,血清GST活性测定还有助于肝细胞性黄疸与其他性质黄疸的鉴别。     

Biochemical changes after a qigong program: lipids, serum enzymes, urea, and creatinine in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of a qigong training program on blood biochemical parameters. MATERIAL/METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy subjects participated in the study of whom 16 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 13 to the control. The experimental subjects underwent daily qigong training for one month. Blood samples for the quantification of biochemical parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, phospholipids, GOT, GPT, GGT, urea, creatinine) were taken before and after the training program. As statistical analysis, ANCOVA was performed. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found showing that the experimental group had lower serum levels of GOT (glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic-pyruvic transaminase), and urea and that there was a trend towards significance in GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that after practicing qigong for the short period of one month, noteworthy changes in several blood biochemical parameters were induced. While it is tempting to speculate on the relevance and implications of these biochemical variations, further investigation is needed to elucidate the scope of these findings.