反相高效液相色谱法测定丙泊酚血药浓度

目的 :建立测定丙泊酚人血药浓度的反相高效液相色谱 荧光检测分析方法。方法 :使用Agi lent 110 0型高效液相色谱仪、PhenomenexSecurityGuard ( 4mm× 3mm )保护柱、DiamonsilC18( 15 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm)色谱柱。在血样中加入麝香草酚 (内标 )的甲醇溶液沉淀蛋白后 ,离心取上清液 ,进行HPLC分析。流动相 :乙腈∶水 =5 6∶4 4(V/V) ;流速 :1.5mL·min- 1;荧光检测 :λex=2 76nm ,λem=312nm。结果 :本法标准曲线线性方程为Y =1.787C - 0 .0 31(r =0 .9997,n =9,线性浓度范围为 0 .0 2～ 8.0mg·L- 1) ;最低检测浓度为 4 μg·L- 1(S/N =2 ) ;平均方法回收率为 98.71%;日内、日间精密度RSD( %)均小于 4 .2 %。结论 :本方法简便、灵敏、准确 ,可用于临床上丙泊酚的血药浓度监测。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中洛沙平的浓度

目的建立测定人血浆中洛沙平浓度的HPLC法.方法以DiamonsilTM C18反相柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)为色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-0.03 mol·L-1醋酸铵(8713),流速为0.8 mL·min-1,检测波长257 nm,以乙醚为提取剂.结果洛沙平的高(585.6 μg·L-1)、中(292.8μg·L-1)、低(36.6 μg·L-1)3个浓度的平均回收率分别为95.29%,96.77%,97.89%,日内(n=5)、日间(n=3)RSD均小于6%;分析方法的最低定量限为6.1 μg·L-1.线性范围为6.1～732.0μg·L-1,回归方程为C=562.72F-30.33,r=0.999 3(n=9).结论该方法灵敏、准确、简单、快速,可用于临床血药浓度监测和药动学研究.     

HPLC同时测定血清中苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平的浓度

目的 :建立同时测定微量血清中苯妥英、苯巴比妥和卡马西平浓度的方法。方法 :采用HPLC法 ,以巴比妥为内标同时测定。KromasilC18不锈钢色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 水 (5 7∶43) ,流速 0 .8ml·min 1,检测波长 2 5 4nm。结果 :检测浓度范围苯妥英为 4.0～ 5 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r=0 .9995 ) ,苯巴比妥 5 .0～ 6 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r =0 .9996 ) ,卡马西平为2 .5～ 2 0 .0 μg·ml 1(r =0 .9992 )。最低检测限分别为 1.0 μg·ml 1、2 .0 μg·ml 1和 0 .5 μg·ml 1;平均回收率分别为99.2 2 %、99.6 8%和 98.6 2 % ;日内和日间RSD均低于 5 % (n =5 )。结论 :该法准确、灵敏度高 ,重复性好 ,可作为 3种血药浓度监测的常规方法     

反相高效液相色谱法测定格拉司琼血药浓度

目的 :建立格拉司琼血药浓度的反相高效液相色谱测定方法。方法 :以甲醇 0 .0 5mol·L-1醋酸钠缓冲液 (pH6 .0 ,含0 .2 5 %三乙胺 ) (83∶17)为流动相 ,激发波长为 30 5nm ,发射波长 36 5nm ,血浆样品采用乙酸乙酯提取后进样。结果 :格拉司琼在0 .2～ 15 μg·L-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 ,平均回收率 (98.6± 7.4) % ,日内RSD≤ 4.9% ,日间RSD≤ 8.5 %。结论 :方法简便 ,准确 ,灵敏 ,可用于格拉司琼血药浓度测定。     

高效液相色谱法测定异丁司特的血药浓度

目的 :建立高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中异丁司特浓度的方法。方法 :采用YWG C18色谱柱 ,以甲醇 0 .0 5mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾 (6 5∶35 ,用磷酸调pH值 3.5 )为流动相 ,检测波长 2 2 5nm ,流速 1.0mL·min-1,进样量 5 0 μL ,内标物为桂利嗪。 结果 :异丁司特标准曲线在 2～ 12 0 μg·L-1范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .995 6 ) ,最低检测浓度为 2 μg·L-1,平均回收率为10 0 .2 % ,RSD为 4 .7% (n =5 )。结论 :该法操作简便 ,灵敏 ,准确度高 ,适用于异丁司特血药浓度的测定和药动学的研究。     

高效液相色谱法测定血浆缬沙坦浓度

目的　建立一种高效液相色谱法以测定血浆中缬沙坦浓度。方法　色谱柱 :LichrospherC18高效液相柱 ;流动相 :0 0 1mol·L-1磷酸二氢钾缓冲液 (pH 3 1)∶乙腈 =5 3∶4 7(V/V) ,流量 1 0ml·min-1;检测器 :荧光检测 ,激发波长2 6 5nm ,发射波长 378nm。血浆样品经盐酸酸化 ,乙酸乙酯萃取 ,分离有机相 ,氮气吹干 ,流动相溶解后进样。结果　缬沙坦保留时间为 12 5min ,分离良好 ;标准曲线在 5 9～2 36 0 μg·L-1范围内呈线性 ;日间RSD为 5 94 %～ 8 4 1% ,日内RSD为 2 83%～ 7 0 7% ,回收率为 81 13%± 5 2 6 %。选择住院高血压病人 15例 ,每日口服缬沙坦胶囊 80mg ,分别于第 4、7d测定其稳态峰、谷浓度 ,谷浓度为 (16 5 99±6 0 2 2 ) μg·L-1,峰浓度为 (5 2 6 90± 337 0 6 ) μg·L-1。结论　该法灵敏、简便 ,适用于血药浓度监测及其动力学研究     

HPLC测定盐酸贝那普利片的含量

目的　测定盐酸贝那普利片中贝那普利的含量。方法　采用HPLC ,ZorbaxXDB -C18色谱柱 (5 μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm) ,柱温 2 5℃ ,流动相为 0 .0 75 %HAc -甲醇 (35∶6 5 ) ,流速 1.0ml·min-1;DAD检测波长 2 39nm。结果　贝那普利浓度在 0 .8～ 4 8g·ml-1范围内线性关系良好 ,最低检测浓度为 0 .4 μg·ml-1,日内RSD≤ 1.5 1% ,日间RSD≤ 1.6 9% (n =5 ) ,回收率 98.9%～99 .9% (n =5 )。结论　所用方法简便快速 ,准确可靠 ,可用于盐酸贝那普利片的含量测定。     

RP-HPLC法测定氨茶碱血清浓度

目的:建立测定氨茶碱血清浓度的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为BDS C18,流动相为甲醇-水(15∶85),柱温为35 ℃,流速为1 mL·min-1,检测波长为275 nm。结果:氨茶碱有效成分茶碱血药浓度在0.5～42.5 μg·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),最低检测限为0.5 μg·mL-1;方法回收率为91.60%～95.00%,提取回收率为68.04%～70.77%;日内RSD≤2.20%,日间RSD≤3.28%。结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏、重复性好,可用于氨茶碱血药浓度监测。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素和氢化可的松的含量

目的 :用HPLC法同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素氢化可的松的含量。方法 :采用C18色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 0 .0 5mol·L-1KH2 PO4 三乙胺 (5 0∶5 0∶0 .2 ) ,用磷酸调 pH3.7,检测波长 2 5 7nm。结果 :盐酸麻黄素在 36 0～ 6 0 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9999) ,回收率 10 1.3% ,RSD为 1.0 %。氢化可的松在 36～ 6 0 μg·ml-1浓度范围内线性关系良好 (r =0 .9998) ,回收率 10 1.5 % ,RSD为 1.0 %。结论 :该方法可同时测定滴鼻剂中盐酸麻黄素氢化可的松含量。     

HPLC法测定帕金森病大鼠模型中鱼藤酮血浆浓度

目的建立测定帕金森病模型大鼠血浆中鱼藤酮浓度的HPLC方法。方法大鼠血浆经预处理后,采用反相HPLC法紫外检测器检测。色谱柱为DikmaDiamonsilC18柱(200mm×4.6mm,5μm),保护柱为WatersNovaParkC18柱,流动相∶乙腈-水=55∶45(V/V),流速1mL·min-1,检测波长(λ)210nm。结果本方法测定鱼藤酮在25～1600μg·L-1范围内线性良好(r=0.9999,n=7),最低检测浓度为5μg·L-1。高、中、低浓度回收率均>90%,日内、日间RSD在0.28%～1.92%。结论本方法适用于大鼠血浆鱼藤酮浓度的检测。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.