小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的MRI表现与临床症状对照分析

目的探讨小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的深度与脊髓空洞症以及临床主要表现三者之间的关系。方法对58例小脑扁桃体下疝畸形患者小脑扁桃体下疝的深度、合并脊髓空洞情况、以及重要临床表现，进行统计学对照分析。结果小脑扁桃体下疝的深度在5mm及10mm以上伴有脊髓空洞症的比例及空洞长度在统计学上存在显著差异（P〈0．05）；有、无合并脊髓空洞症的两种患者中，主要临床表现的轻、重无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论MRI可以清晰的显示颅内神经结构及颅底骨质结构，可以准确观察小脑扁桃体下疝的深度及其合并症的表现，再结合本病的主要临床症状体征，探讨小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的深度与脊髓空洞症以及临床主要表现三者之间的内在联系。因而，MRI检查可为临床对本病的诊断及治疗提供有利的帮助。     

Chiari I畸形伴脊髓空洞症的MR形态测量研究

目的：运用MRI对ChiariⅠ畸形伴脊髓空洞的病人进行后颅腔形态学测量．探讨ChiariⅠ畸形伴脊髓空洞的发病机制。方法：选择MRI资料完整，不伴脑积水、肿瘤或外伤所致小脑扁桃体下疝者共114例，年龄3．78岁，平均38．6岁，其中男62例，女52例；其中合并脊髓空洞者共计60例。分别测量枕大孔前后径A．此线上疝出的小脑扁桃体前后径B，小脑扁桃体垂直径C，脊髓空洞长度D及空洞前后径E。测量结果用SPSS10．0统计软件包进行分析．P〈0．05认为有统计学差异。结果：A、B、B／A及C在无空洞组和有空洞组间无显著性差异：A、B、B／A与小脑扁桃体下疝程度无相关性，D及E与小脑扁桃体下疝程度呈显著正相关。结论：小脑扁桃体疝入枕大孔平面以下，脑脊液（CSF）不断冲击脊髓中央管，产生“水锤效应（water hammer effect）”，使中央管不断扩张，甚至浸入周围脊髓实质．形成脊髓空洞。CSF压力的增加和搏动的增强可能导致空洞长度和前后径的不断增加。     

小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的MRI表现与临床症状对照分析

目的探讨小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的深度与脊髓空洞症以及临床主要表现三者之间的关系。方法对58例小脑扁桃体下疝畸形患者小脑扁桃体下疝的深度、合并脊髓空洞情况、以及重要临床表现,进行统计学对照分析。结果小脑扁桃体下疝的深度在5mm及10mm以上伴有脊髓空洞症的比例及空洞长度在统计学上存在显著差异(P﹤0.05);有、无合并脊髓空洞症的两种患者中,主要临床表现的轻、重无显著差异(P﹥0.05)。结论MRI可以清晰的显示颅内神经结构及颅底骨质结构,可以准确观察小脑扁桃体下疝的深度及其合并症的表现,再结合本病的主要临床症状体征,探讨小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的深度与脊髓空洞症以及临床主要表现三者之间的内在联系。因而,MRI检查可为临床对本病的诊断及治疗提供有利的帮助。     

脊髓空洞症—小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的外科治疗

脊髓空洞症—小脑扁桃体下疝畸形的外科治疗附院神经外科（０４６０００）武金有任新亮肖剑王向阳脊髓空洞症（ｓｙｒｉｎｇｏｍｙｅｌｉａ，Ｓ．Ｍ），经常并发小脑扁桃体下疝畸形（ｃｈｉａｒｉＭａｌｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ，ＣＭ），由于ＭＲＩ的应用，临床上ＳＭ－ＣＭ的...     

浅析Ⅰ型小脑扁桃体疝的MRI诊断

目的：探讨利用MRI扫描诊断Ⅰ型小脑扁桃体疝及其并发症的要点。方法回顾性分析我院行颈椎MRI扫描的小脑扁桃体疝患者8例。结果8例患者均为Ⅰ型小脑扁桃体疝合并脊髓空洞症，MRI平扫均可见小脑扁桃体下端变尖并经枕大孔疝入上部颈椎椎管内，颈椎中下部脊髓中央可见管状长T1、长T2信号。结论小脑扁桃体经枕大孔向下疝入颈椎椎管内超过5 mm并多合并脊髓空洞症，即可诊断本病，而MRI扫描一种有效而准确的影像学检查方法。     

Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症48例手术治疗探讨

目的：探讨分析Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞症的治疗方法及疗效。方法：回顾性的分析了48例经MRI证实的Chiari畸形I型（CMI）合并脊髓空洞症（SM）患者的治疗和随访情况,其中行后颅窝减压12例,后颅窝减压并SM切开引流术24例,后颅窝减压并小脑扁桃体切除术8例,小脑扁桃体切除并Ⅳ脑室闩部假膜切开术4例。结果：48例患者均得到随访,临床症状均有不同程度缓解,MRI复查脊髓空洞均有不同程度缩小。结论：后颅窝减压术、空洞切开引流术、小脑扁桃体切除术及其不同组合手术是治疗CMI合并SM的行之有效方法。     

枕大池成形术治疗小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症的疗效分析

目的 对比枕大池成形术与单纯后颅窝减压扩大脑膜修补术治疗小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年2月至2010年2月收治的40例小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症的患者的临床资料,按照治疗方法的不同分为观察组18例和对照组22例,观察组采用枕大池成形术(小脑扁桃体下疝切除+脊髓中央管口松解+枕下减压扩大硬脑膜修补术)治疗,对照组采用单纯后颅窝减压扩大脑膜修补术治疗,比较2组患者的近期疗效、远期疗效、空洞长度的变化以及KPS评分.结果 观察组出院时总有效率83.3％显著高于对照组的68.2％(P＜0.05);远期总有效率61.1％亦显著高于对照组的40.9％ (P ＜0.05).观察组的空洞长度、KPS评分显著优于对照组(P均＜0.05).2组术后并发症发生率相近(P＞0.05).结论 枕大池成形术治疗小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症的疗效较好,是一种较为理想的手术方法.     

小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形的MRI诊断与临床误诊原因分析

①目的 探讨小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形MRI诊断及临床误诊原因。②方法 11例MRI诊断的小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形患，检查采用GE Signa Profile SYS#0．2 TMR机。③结果 在T1WI上，延髓和小脑扁桃体向下疝入枕骨大孔，小脑扁桃体低于枕骨大孔平面5mm。11例中8例(73％)伴有颈段脊髓空洞症，环枕融合畸形3例(27％)，颅底凹陷2例(18％)，胸椎畸形1例(9％)，腰椎隐性脊柱裂1例(9％)。2例(18％)脑积水，2例(18％)延髓斑状钙化。④结论 先天性ChiariⅠ型与获得性ChiariⅠ型脊髓空洞产生机制类似。矢状位T1WI可准确显示小脑扁桃体形态和疝出程度，MRI是诊断小脑扁桃体延髓联合畸形的首选，手术是治疗唯一的方法。     

枕大池成形术治疗小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症的疗效分析

目的探讨枕大池成形术治疗小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症的临床疗效。方法选择该院自2011年6月—2013年1月收治的21例小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症患者的临床资料,根据选择的治疗方法的不同,将患者分为观察组11例与对照组10例,观察组患者采用枕大池成形术进行治疗,对照组患者采用单纯后颅窝减压扩大脑膜修补术。结果两组患者近期疗效、远期疗效结果对比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。且两组患者术后KPS评分及空洞长度比较,结果均差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论采用枕大池成形术治疗小脑扁桃体下疝合并脊髓空洞症具有较好的近期、远期临床疗效,达到充分减压,恢复脑脊液通畅等效果,可临床推广应用。     

Chiari Ⅰ畸形后颅窝线性容积与小脑扁桃体下疝及脊髓空洞的相关性研究

目的 对Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者后颅窝的各线性结构进行测量,探讨不同下疝程度以及是否并发脊髓空洞的Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者的发病机制以及利用MRI在后颅窝结构上的测量意义.方法 回顾分析2004年8月至2012年6月北京积水潭医院神经外科住院治疗的Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者97例,在MRI上测量其斜坡的长度、枕骨基底部的长度、蝶骨底长度、枕骨鳞部、脑干的长度、小脑半球的长度、枕骨大孔径、Twining's线、小脑幕与Twining's线的角度.结果 根据MRI影像学的表现,将Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者小脑扁桃体下缘尾向移位程度分为3度,其中Ⅰ度48例(49.5％),Ⅱ度36例(37.1％),Ⅲ度13例(13.4％);合并脊髓空洞69例(71.1％),无脊髓空洞28例(28.9％).Chiari Ⅰ畸形小脑扁桃体下疝Ⅰ度的患者斜坡的长度(d+e)、枕骨基底部的长度(e)、脑干长度(b)和小脑半球的长度(c)显著大于Ⅱ度和Ⅲ度的患者(P＜0.05).合并脊髓空洞患者枕骨大孔径(B to OP)显著小于无脊髓空洞患者(P＜0.05),脑干的长度(b)显著长于无脊髓空洞组患者(P＜0.05).结论 在Chiari Ⅰ畸形患者中,后颅窝骨性结构及内在神经结构的发育异常,是引起小脑扁桃体下疝及脊髓空洞等病理生理改变的重要原因,在手术治疗中要对此区域的病理改变进行有针对性的治疗,为患者制定合适的手术策略.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.