卒中后抑郁的临床特点及相关因素

目的探讨卒中后抑郁（PSD）的发生率、临床表现、相关因素和治疗情况。方法对114例脑卒中患者采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）等进行评定,分析符合PSD诊断的54例患者的临床特点。结果PSD的发生率为47.37%,以轻-中度抑郁为主,PSD的常见症状有全身症状、能力减退感、睡眠障碍、忧郁情绪、工作和兴趣减退等。结论卒中后抑郁的发生率高,神经功能缺损程度与卒中后抑郁的发生有密切关系。     

卒中后抑郁的前瞻性随访调查

目的 研究卒中后抑郁(PSD)2周及3个月的患病率与相关因素.方法 对257例急性卒中患者进行2周及3个月前瞻性随访,调查卒中2周及3个月PSD患病率及相关因素.结果 卒中2周PSD患病率为32.59％,其中轻型抑郁20.92％,重型抑郁11.67％.卒中3个月PSD患病率为42.68％,其中轻型抑郁19.87％,重型抑郁22.81％.卒中2周PSD相关因素是人格特质中的内向特质(P=0.000)、是否合并有糖尿病(P=0.000)及神经功能缺损评分(P=0.000).卒中3个月PSD相关因素是急性期已经诊断PSD(P =0.000)及前循环卒中(P=0.04).结论 PSD患病率较高.卒中2周PSD发生与内向人格特质、合并糖尿病及神经缺损有关,3个月发生与急性期PSD及前循环卒中有关.     

卒中后抑郁状态及其影响因素的相关研究

目的研究北京市卒中患者伴发卒中后抑郁状态(PSD)的发生率和相关因素.方法采用Hamilton抑郁量表、SDS抑郁自评量表和自制一般情况调查表,对北京市7个区12家医院的1966例卒中患者进行测查,并用Logistic回归分析法对33种相关因素进行分析.结果PSD总发生率为35.0%,其中轻度22.5%、中度9.3%、重度3.2%.影响PSD发生的相关因素依次是既往抑郁症史、近期负性生活事件、家庭关系、性别、病灶数目、合并疾病种类、护理人员和病灶前后部位.结论PSD发生率较高,它可能是社会心理学因素和神经生物学因素共同作用的结果.     

卒中后抑郁的特点及其影响因素的研究

目的 研究卒中后抑郁(post- stroke depression,PSD)的特点和影响因素,为PSD的干预提供依据.方法 采用临床流行病学调查方法对门诊和住院的208例脑卒中患者进行PSD及其相关因素的现状调查,运用抑郁自评量表( SDS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对卒中患者进行评定,将研究对象分为非PSD组(SDS总分＜30分)和PSD组(SDS≥30分),再将PSD组进一步分为轻度抑郁症状亚组(HAMD评分＞7分且≤16分)和中-重度抑郁症状亚组(HAMD评分＞16分).结果 PSD的发生率为36.06％,其中轻度66.67％、中-重度33.33％;PSD的特点为以睡眠障碍、焦虑/躯体化障碍等为主要表现;卒中后抑郁发生的影响因素有病灶数目、心血管病史、抑郁症史、病灶部位以及脑卒中史.结论 PSD发生率较高,以睡眠障碍、焦虑/躯体化障碍等为主要表现,其发生是多种因素共同作用的结果.     

288例脑卒中后抑郁的临床分析

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）的发生率及其主要相关因素。方法选择在本院住院确诊为脑卒中患者769例,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）17项评分≥18分及卒中患者神经功能缺损程度进行评估。结果 PSD288例,发生率为37.45%,且与卒中性质、部位、程度、生化指标异常等密切相关。动态观察卒中患者CRP水平有助于早期发现PSP。结论预防性抗抑郁剂应用和抗抑郁剂治疗PSD,不仅减低PSD发生率,且有助于PSD和卒中患者神经功能的恢复。     

首次脑梗死患者卒中后抑郁的发生率及危险因素分析

目的探讨首次脑梗死(CI)患者卒中后抑郁的发生率及危险因素。方法连续入组的首次CI患者156例,根据发病7d、14d、3个月、6个月、1年,汉密尔顿抑郁量表HAMD(17项)评分分为卒中后抑郁(PSD)组和非PSD组,对首次PSD患者探讨PSD发生率,分析其独立变量,应用多元Logistic回归分析其危险因素。结果 (1)156例首次CI患者完成了随访,PSD的发生率为33.97%(53/156),在7d、14d、3个月、6个月、1年时确诊PSD例分别为:6、10、18、7、12例;(2)中、重度PSD组改良的Rankin量表(m RS)评分均较同期非PSD组升高;(3)41~60岁患者、入院时NIHSS评分大于20分是首次脑梗死患者卒中后抑郁的独立危险因素。结论首次CI患PSD的发生率为33.97%;41~60岁患者、入院时NIHSS评分大于20分是首CI患者卒中后抑郁的独立危险因素。     

卒中后抑郁与脑损伤部位相关性的临床研究

目的探讨不同的脑损伤部位与脑卒中后抑郁病变的关系,探讨PSD的现况以及对结局的影响。方法收集2010年09月～2011年09月期间河北联合大学附属医院神经内科脑卒中患者300例,通过颅脑CT或MRI进行卒中病灶定位,采用Hamilton抑郁量表对卒中患者在发病14±2d及90±7d进行抑郁及程度的评价。对收集患者的相关临床指标如美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、改良Rankin量表评分(MRS)、简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)评分等相关因素进行统计分析。结果 140例脑卒中患者合并PSD,总发生率为46.67%,其中轻中度抑郁占46.00%,重度抑郁占0.67%;多发性、左侧半球、额颞叶、基底节区脑卒中患者PSD发生率高。结论脑卒中患者神经功能缺损程度评分越高,其患抑郁的程度也就越高。PSD发生与卒中类型无关,而与卒中部位、卒中残疾程度等因素有关。     

卒中后抑郁与卒中部位的相关研究

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression PSI））与卒中病灶部位的关系。方法通过CT或MRI进行卒中病灶定位，采用Hamilton抑郁量表对200例卒中患者在发病2周和3月进行调查评分。结果急性期和恢复期大脑半球左侧、右侧、双侧卒中PSD发生率无统计学差异。2周时大脑半球前部与后部卒中病灶两PSD发生率无统计学差异（x^2=1．9546，P〉0．1）。3月时大脑半球前部与后部卒中痛灶两PSD发生率有统计学差异（x^2=6．04，P〈0．05）。结论PSD的发生无半球偏利性。急性期大脑半球前部卒中病灶与PSD无明显相关性。恢复期走脑半球前部卒中病灶与PSD存在相关性。     

初发脑卒中后抑郁患病率及危险因素的随访研究

目的 探讨初发脯卒中后抑郁(PSD)在1年内各时期的患病情况及相关因素.方法 对初发的脑卒中患者66例在2周、3个月、6个月、12个月时进行随访,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、神经功能缺损量表、日常生活能力量表、社会支持量表及艾森克人格问卷评估患者,调查各随访时点PSD的患病率并对其相关因素进行Lo-gistic回归分析.PSD的定义为卒中后抑郁症状持续两周以上和评定时HAMD评分≥7分,但入组评定时抑郁症状持续不足两周者仍以PSD表示.结果 在初发脑卒中患者中,卒中后2周、3个月、6个月、12个月PSD的发生率分别为18.18%(12/66)、29.23%(19/65)、38.09%(24/63)、31.67%(19/60).首次评定时有3例未满足抑郁持续2周的严格定义,但3个月评估时仍为PSD.Logistic回归分析显示,卒中后2周PSD与女性、内向性格相关(b=-1.55,P=0.001;b=1.59,P=0.047);卒中后3个月时PSD与社会支持度低、神经功能缺损程度重及女性相关(b=-0.19,P=0.005;b=0.26,P=0.01;b:2.84,P=0.03);卒中后6个月时PSD与社会支持度低与神经功能缺损程度重相关(b=-0.24,P<0.001;b=0.35,P=0.004);卒中后12个月时PSD与社会支持度低与神经功能缺损程度重相关(b=-0.17,P=0.1301;b=0.33,P=0.002).结论 PSD患病率较高;不同时期的PSD的相关因素不同提示病因可能不同,支持卒中后抑郁的生物社会肉素发病机制.     

卒中后抑郁104例临床分析

目的 探讨卒中后抑郁(PSD)的发病率、发生时间、相关因素和治疗.方法 采用Hamilton抑郁量表,SDS抑郁自评量表,对我科268例脑卒中患者进行测查,分析PSD的发病率、发生时间、相关因素,并观察赛乐特治疗效果.结果 38.8%的患者(104例)件发抑郁,其中轻度26.5%,中度8.6%,重度3.7%.PSD多发生于卒中后1年内,3～6个月是高峰期.影响PSD发生的相关因素是家庭关系、文化程度、病灶数目和病灶部位.治疗后HAMD和NDS积分较治疗前明显减少(P＜0.01).结论 PSD发生率较高,它可能是神经生物学因素和社会心理学因素共同作用结论,早期诊治预后较好.     

Risk factors for post-stroke depression

An unselected cohort of 285 stroke patients, median age 69 years, were studied for correlation between potential risk factors and the 1-year incidence of post-stroke depression (PSD). The following factors correlated significantly with PSD: a history of previous stroke, a history of previous depression, female gender, living alone and social distress prestroke. Further, social inactivity, decrease in social activity, pathological crying and intellectual impairment at 1 month but not functional outcome correlated to PSD. A multivariate regression analysis showed that intellectual impairment explained 42% of variance of mood score. Major depression was unrelated to lesion location. We conclude that etiology to PSD is a complex mixture of prestroke personal and social factors, and stroke induced social, emotional and intellectual handicap.     

脑卒中后抑郁的相关因素分析

目的:探讨脑卒中后抑郁的相关因素。方法:采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)对198例脑卒中患者进行现状调查。结果:73例脑卒中患者有抑郁表现,发生率为36.9%,经Logistic多元回归分析,脑卒中后抑郁的相关因素有负性生活事件、心血管病史、抑郁症史、病灶数目、病灶部位以及脑卒中史。结论:脑卒中后抑郁的相关因素有负性生活事件,心血管病史,抑郁症史、病灶数目,病灶部位以及脑卒中史。脑卒中后抑郁的发生可能是神经生物学因素和社会心理学因素共同作用的结果。     

Poststroke depression in Chinese patients: frequency, psychosocial, clinical, and radiological determinants

This study attempted to evaluate the psychosocial, clinical, and radiological predictors of poststroke depression (PSD) in Chinese patients. One hundred eighty-nine patients participated in the study. Three months after the index stroke, a psychiatrist administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV to all of the patients and made a DSM-IV diagnosis of depression. In addition, a host of demographic, clinical, and radiological variables were examined. Thirty-one (16.4%) of the patients had a diagnosis of PSD that included major depression (n=11, 5.8%,), minor depression (n=16, 8.5%), or dysthymia (n=4, 2.1%). Univariate analysis revealed that PSD was associated with female gender, a lower level of education, a lower Lubben Social Network Scale (LSNS) score, subcortical infarcts, and lesions in the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territory, and the Modified Life Event Scale (MLES) score was borderline for statistical significance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that female gender, a high MLES score, and subcortical and ACA lesions were independent risk factors for PSD and that a high LSNS score was a protective factor.     

Quantification of the risk of post stroke depression: the Italian multicenter observational study DESTRO

OBJECTIVE: The Italian multicenter observational study depression in stroke (DESTRO) aimed to identify risk factors for post stroke depression (PSD) and quantify the likelihood of it arising in various categories of patients. METHOD: Mood evaluation was performed in 1064 consecutive stroke patients by means of Beck Depression Inventory and Visual Analog Mood Scale. Depressive symptoms were classified using the DSM-IV and revised WHO criteria for depression in the course of a neurological disorder. RESULTS: Post stroke depression was seen in 36% of the survivors, with dysthymia by far the predominant form (80.7%). Female sex, disability, previous cerebrovascular or depressive episodes were significantly associated with an increased risk of depression. Combinations of these factors raised the risk of PSD exponentially, from 24.3 to 89.1%. The site of the stroke did not come into the uni- or multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: At admission, it is possible to predict the likelihood of PSD and quantify the relative risk.     

卒中亚急性期抑郁与急性期血浆同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性研究

目的 研究卒中亚急性期发生的卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression,PSD）与卒中急性期血浆同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine,Hcy）水平的相关性。
方法 连续收集2010年4月～2011年7月北京航天总医院神经内科住院的198例缺血性卒中患者,根据《中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准》第3版（Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders-3,CCMD-3）进行PSD的诊断,根据诊断结果分为PSD组102例和卒中后无抑郁组（对照组）96例。由固定的、经过培训的心理咨询师对PSD患者进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项（Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-17,HRSD-17）评定,根据评定结果分为轻度、中度、重度抑郁组。采用微量荧光偏振免疫分析法于入院次日对所有患者进行血浆Hcy水平测定,比较两组患者血浆Hcy水平,并与PSD进行相关分析。
结果 PSD组102例患者有高同型半胱氨酸血症（hyperhomocysteinemia,HHcy）68例（66.7%）,对照组有12例（12.5%）,PSD组HHcy阳性检出率较对照组差异具有显著性（χ2=17.29,P＜0.001）。经非条件Logistic回归分析PSD的危险因素,显示血浆Hcy水平与PSD有相关性[优势比（odds ratio,OR）=1.946,P<0.001,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）1.10～1.22]。
结论 卒中急性期血浆Hcy水平与卒中亚急性期抑郁有相关性。     

Depression and Anxiety after Stroke in Young Adult Filipinos

Background and ObjectivesYoung adult patients may suffer from poststroke depression (PSD) and anxiety. Few studies have evaluated these important psychiatric conditions that may lead to adverse outcomes in young adults. We aimed to determine the prevalence of PSD and anxiety as well as to identify their predictors in a population of young Filipino adults (18-49 years old).MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional epidemiologic study in the largest tertiary hospital in the Philippines. The study involved the administration of a structured survey tool and review of medical records. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score – Pilipino version (HADS-P) was used to screen for anxiety and depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine significant socio-economic and clinical risk factors of PSD and anxiety.Results114 young adult stroke patients were included. The prevalence of depression was 20.2% while that of anxiety was 34.2%. Significant predictors of PSD were the presence of anxiety (OR 1.84; CI 1.05-3.22), lower mRS scores (mRS 3-5 OR 5.52; 95% CI 1.09-8.03) and diabetes (OR 2.09; 95% CI 1.67-6.26). Meanwhile, significant predictors of poststroke anxiety included depression (OR 7.5; 95% CI 5.02-21.94) and dependency (Barthel Index scores 95-100; OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.89-0.99). Relationship status, educational attainment, stroke subtype and location were not found to be significant predictors of PSD and anxiety.ConclusionA significant proportion of young adults suffered from depression and anxiety after stroke. Clinicians should be aware of these psychiatric conditions that influence outcomes and quality of life of young adults with stroke.     

卒中后3个月内抑郁的累计发生率及其相关危险因素研究

目的 观察卒中（包括脑梗死和脑实质内出血）后3个月内卒中后抑郁（post-stroke depression,PSD）的发生率,探讨与PSD发生相关的人口学和临床危险因素。方法 连续收集2008年4月至2009年12月住院的卒中患者（包括脑梗死和脑实质内出血）314例。收集患者的人口学资料及相关临床指标如美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（National Institute of HealthStroke Scale,NIHSS）、改良Rankin量表评分（modified Rainkin Scale,mRS）和简易精神状态检查表（minimental status examination,MMSE）评分。在发病90±7 d,使用世界卫生组织复合性国际诊断交谈3.0中文版（The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview,WHO-CIDI 3.0）对所有患者进行访谈,按照精神疾病诊断与统计手册-IV（Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders-IV,DSM-IV）的诊断标准作出抑郁的诊断。结果 PSD在卒中后3个月的累计发生率为29%（91/314）,其中重性抑郁76例（24.2%）,轻性抑郁15例（4.8%）。PSD组和non-PSD组之间性别、既往抑郁病史差异有统计学意义（P <0.01）;PSD组发病后14 d的NIHSS、mRS和发病后90 d的mRS大于non-PSD组（P <0.01）。多因素分析结果显示：性别[比值比（Odds ratio,OR）：2.178,95%可信区间（confidence interval,CI）：1.219～3.892,P <0.01]、既往抑郁病史（OR：5.762,95%CI：2.958～11.223,P <0.01）、发病后14 d的残障水平（OR：1.520,95%CI：1.212～1.907,P <0.01）是与PSD发生相关的独立危险因素。结论 卒中后3个月内,PSD的累积发生率为29%,说明PSD是卒中后的常见并发症,应该予以高度重视。女性、既往抑郁病史和发病后14 d的残障水平是卒中后3个月内发生抑郁的3个独立危险因素。     

The Italian multicenter observational study on post–stroke depression (DESTRO)

Despite growing information, questions still surround various aspects of post–stroke depression (PSD). The Italian multicenter observational study Destro was designed to help clarify in a large sample the frequency and clinical impact of PSD. A total of 53 centers consecutively admitted 1064 patients with ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, assessing them periodically in the first 9 months after the event. Patients with depression were followed for two years. Depression was diagnosed on clinical examination, verbal (Beck Depression Inventory) and non–verbal rating systems (Visual Analog Mood Scale), identifying the nosographic condition attributable to the mental state. The patient’s clinical history, residual independence, and post–ictus quality of life were also taken into account. PSD was detected in 383 patients (36 %), most of whom had minor depression (80.17 %), with dysthymia, rather than major depression and adaptation disorder. About 80% developed depression within three months of the stroke. Cases with later onset tended to have less severe symptoms. Risk factors were a history of depression, severe disability, previous stroke and female sex, but not the type and site of the vascular lesion. PSD was not correlated with any increase in mortality or cerebrovascular recurrences, but these patients had lower autonomy and quality of life ratings. In conclusion, patients should be close observed in the first few weeks after a stroke in order to check for depression,which is more likely in those with clear risk factors and may spoil their quality of life.