肾损伤患者151例临床分析

目的总结近10年151例肾损伤的诊治经验,为临床提供参考。方法收集近10年诊治的151例肾损伤患者的临床资料,对肾损伤诊断、治疗及并发症情况作一回顾性分析。结果肾损伤病因以闭合性损伤多见;主要由于高处坠落、跌倒撞伤、车祸伤、打架斗殴导致;Sargent肾损伤分级为Ⅰ级87例,Ⅱ级21例,Ⅲ级30例,Ⅳ级11例,Ⅴ级2例。Ⅰ~Ⅱ级肾损伤患者予保守治疗,1~2个月痊愈,无并发症;Ⅲ级肾损伤患者除1例刀刺伤因活动性出血而行血管造影栓塞外,其余予保守治疗,3个月痊愈,仅2例局部瘢痕形成;Ⅳ级肾损伤患者中,予肾切除3例、肾修补1例、选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗6例、肾周置管引流1例,6~8个月痊愈,其中3例局部瘢痕形成、2例肾组织萎缩;Ⅴ级肾损伤患者均予肾切除。闭合伤肾切除率为2.1%,开放伤肾切除率为50.0%。近期并发症以感染、迟发性出血为主,远期并发症以肾局部瘢痕组织形成、肾萎缩、假性尿囊肿为主。结论造成肾损伤的原因主要有高处坠落、跌倒撞伤和车祸伤,Ⅰ~Ⅲ级、闭合性肾损伤较为多见。Sargent肾损伤分级、腹部B超、CT/CT尿路造影检查有助于快速诊断。介入栓塞技术为肾损伤快速止血提供了较好的选择,能降低创伤肾切除率。     

肾脏损伤患者68例的院内救治

目的:探讨肾脏损伤的院内救治效果。方法:总结2008～2011年我院收治的肾脏损伤68例,其中男56例,女12例,年龄8～72岁。本组均按美国创伤外科学会器官损伤标准委员会制定的肾脏损伤标准分型。主要为交通伤、坠落伤,直接打击伤及刀刺伤,分别为37例(54.4%)、17例(25.0%)、12例(17.6%)、2例(2.9%)。结果:Ⅰ～Ⅲ型肾脏损伤均为保守治疗。Ⅲ型肾脏损伤行肾修补术,Ⅴ型肾脏损伤行肾切除术,66例治愈,2例死亡。手术治疗13例,术中死亡1例,术后死亡1例。结论:伤情严重、多发损伤、治疗延迟是导致肾脏损伤死亡的主要因素,肾脏损伤分型对指导治疗起着重要的作用。     

外伤性肝破裂35例临床诊治体会

肝脏是腹腔内最大的实质性器官 ,质地脆而缺乏弹性 ,因而容易受外来暴力或锐器刺伤而引起破裂出血。单纯性肝破裂死亡率较低 (约 9% ) ,合并多脏器损伤的复合性肝损伤死亡率可高达 5 0 %以上〔1〕。本文就近几年收治的肝损伤病例 ,概述外伤性肝破裂的诊治体会。1　临床资料本文 35例 ,男 2 8例 ,女 7例。年龄 10～ 82岁 ,以 2 0～ 4 0岁为多 ,约占 80 %。其中 ,交通事故 18例 ,坠落伤 3例 ,刀刺伤 8例 ,其它伤 6例。损伤程度与部位按美国外科学会分级标准 :Ⅰ级 2例 ,Ⅱ级 8例 ,Ⅲ级 16例 ,Ⅳ级 6例 ,Ⅴ级 3例。于肝右叶损伤 2 2例 ,肝左叶…     

93例肝脏外伤诊疗分析

肝脏是腹部创伤中易累及的腹部脏器 ,严重的肝脏外伤常导致严重后果 ,正确、及时地处理尤为重要。现将我院 1987年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 5月有统计的93例肝脏外伤作一总结报告。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料93例患者中男性 79例 ,女性 14例。年龄 8～6 0岁 ,平均 32 .7岁。损伤原因 :车祸 4 8例(5 1.6 1% ) ,坠落伤 2 5例 (2 6 .88% ) ,挤压伤 6例(6 .4 5 % ) ,刀刺伤 6例 (6 .4 5 % ) ,其他 8例(8.6 0 % )。按美国创伤外科学会制定的肝外伤分级标准 (AAST)分级[1] :Ⅰ级 18例 ,Ⅱ级 15例 ,Ⅲ级2 9例 ,Ⅳ级 2 3例 ,Ⅴ级 8例。1.2　入院后处理93例…     

儿童紫癜性肾炎病理分级与临床诊治分析

目的:研究紫癜性肾炎(HSPN)患儿肾活检病理分级与临床表现及转归的关系。方法:分析86例HSPN患儿肾活检病理分级、临床分型及常规治疗转归结果,了解儿童HSPN肾脏病理分级对治疗和预后的影响。结果:86例中Ⅰ级12例(14%),Ⅱ级34例(39.5%),Ⅲ级23例(26.7%),Ⅳ级10例(11.6%),Ⅴ级5例(5.8%),Ⅵ级2例(2.3%)。临床分型依次是急性肾炎型26例(30.2%)、血尿和蛋白尿型21例(24.4%)、肾病综合征型16例(18.6%)、单纯性血尿型15例(17.5%),病理级别以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级为主;而少见的是急进性肾炎型3例(3.49%)、慢性肾炎型5例(5.81%),病理级别大多为Ⅴ、Ⅵ级。临床治疗痊愈42例,好转31例,进展7例,恶化6例,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级痊愈及好转率较高,Ⅳ级以上痊愈、好转率明显降低,进展、恶化率明显增加。结论:HSPN患儿肾活检病理分级与临床分型有较好的相关性,病理分级随着临床症状及尿检、肾功等指标的加重而提高;临床上Ⅲ级以下病理级别的治疗效果明显好于Ⅳ级以上的治疗效果,随着HSPN肾活检病理分级增高,临床治疗困难增加。     

脑卒中后肩手综合征的影响因素分析

目的:探究脑卒中并发肩手综合征的影响因素。方法:对伴有不同程度上肢运动功能损伤的急性脑卒中住院患者调查随访,采用1994年国际疼痛研究学会SHS的诊断标准[1]筛选并发肩手综合征者,对其可能的影响因素进行研究探讨。结果:脑卒中后肩手综合征发生31例(34.1%),肌力Ⅰ~Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级13例,Ⅴ~Ⅵ级43例;肌张力减退13例,正常3例,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级11例;肩关节脱位20例。非SHS组肌力Ⅰ~Ⅱ级15例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级21例,Ⅴ~Ⅵ级24例;肌力减退11例,正常16例,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级24例,Ⅲ~Ⅳ级9例;肩关节脱位12例。结论:脑卒中后合并肩关节半脱位、肌力明显减退、有运动功能障碍、肌张力减退或肌张力异常增高患者肩手综合征发生率高。     

21例胰腺损伤手术诊治体会

我们两院 1990年～ 2 0 0 0年间共收治胰腺损伤患者 2 1例 ,报告如下 :1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :男 18例 ,女 3例。年龄 18～ 6 7岁 ,其中 5 0岁以下 12例 (5 7.1% )。闭合性损伤 2 0例 (95 .2 % ) ,开放性损伤 1例 (4.8% )。1.2　伤情分级及合并伤 :按照Luacs分类法 ,Ⅰ级 4例 ,Ⅱ级 8例 ,Ⅲ级 6例 ,Ⅳ级 3例。单发胰腺损伤 4例 ,多发伤合并胰腺损伤 17例 (81.0 % )。致伤因素 :2 0例为车祸挤压伤及坠落伤 ,刀刺伤 1例。合并伤 :腹膜后血肿 9例 ,肝破裂 7例 ,十二脂肠损伤 2例 ,胃损伤 2例 ,肋骨骨折 7例 ,头部外伤 2例 ,四肢骨折 3例 ,…     

251例肾损伤的临床分析

[目的]确定不同程度肾损伤患者的合理治疗措施。[方法]回顾性分析251例肾损伤患者的临床资料,观察针对不同肾损伤患者分别采用保守治疗与手术治疗后的即时治疗效果及预后。[结果]Ⅰ~Ⅱ级轻度肾损伤患者165例,采用保守治疗均获得成功;Ⅲ~IV级中度肾损伤患者68例,保守治疗60例获得成功,8例后又行急诊手术;Ⅴ级重度肾损伤患者18例,11例行急诊肾切除术,7例行肾修补术中5例后又行肾切除术。[结论]对于肾损伤患者,Ⅰ~Ⅱ级的应采用保守治疗,Ⅲ~IV级的应首先采用保守治疗,Ⅴ级的应积极采用肾切除术。     

微创手术治疗后交通动脉瘤28例分析

目的探讨显微镜下微创手术治疗后交通动脉瘤的手术时机、方法以及效果。方法回顾性分析2009年1月~2010年1月于四川大学华西医院行显微镜下翼点入路后交通动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术28例患者,术中荧光造影。术后6个月和1年分别进行随访,观察分析患者的格拉斯哥预后分级(GOS)。结果随访6~12个月,观察其GOS评分;28例患者中,死亡(GOS分级Ⅰ级)1例(3.57%)、植物生存(GOS分级Ⅱ级)1例(3.57%)、重度残疾(GOS分级Ⅲ级)2例(7.14%)、中度残疾(GOS分级Ⅳ级)5例(17.86%)、恢复良好(GOS分级Ⅴ级)19例(67.86%)。结论对于后交通动脉瘤Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级的患者应尽早手术,Ⅳ~Ⅴ级患者病情稳定后再手术;显微镜下翼点入路后交通动脉瘤瘤颈夹闭术,术中荧光造影,夹闭瘤颈可靠,是一种有效的方法。     

外伤性肝破裂113例临床分析

1990年～ 1999年 ,我院共诊治外伤性肝破裂 113例。现分析总结如下 :1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　本组 113例中 ,男性 92例 ,女性 2 1例。年龄 4～ 75岁 ,平均 31.6岁。闭合性伤 10 2例 ,主要是车祸撞击伤和坠落伤。开放性伤 11例 ,均为刀刺伤。按美国创伤外科学会 (ＡＡＳＴ)提出的肝外伤分级标准[1] ,Ⅰ级 6例 ,Ⅱ级 39例 ,Ⅲ级 4 7例 ,Ⅳ级 18例 ,Ⅴ级 3例。复合伤 4 8例。其中合并肋骨骨折和 (或 )液气胸 15例 ,空腔脏器损伤 13例 ,四肢骨折 11例 ,脾破裂 5例 ,脑外伤 5例 ,其他脏器损伤 3例。1.2　治疗及结果　 113例肝破裂的治疗方法及…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.