实时RT-PCR检测人端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA用于乳腺癌鉴别诊断及与c-Myc基因的相关性

目的 探讨定量检测人端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT）mRNA在乳腺癌鉴别诊断中的价值，并观察原癌基因c-Myc与hTERTmRNA表达的关系。方法 收集癌旁正常乳腺组织、乳腺普通型导管增生、不典型导管增生、导管原位癌、浸润性导管癌病例，采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术（Real-timeRT-PCR）定量检测hTERT和e-Myc基因的转录水平。结果 以NhTERT=10为临界值，所有正常组织和良性病变NhTERT值均小于临界值，而hTERT基因转录升高的导管原位癌及浸润性导管癌其NkTERT值均大于此临界值。显示hTERT和e-Myc基因转录水平呈正相关（y=0．7395，P〈0．01）。结论 实时荧光定量PCR技术检测hTERT基因表达具有高敏感性和特异性。能为常规病理学诊断提供客观的参考指标。从而提高乳腺不典型导管增生与导管原位癌鉴别诊断的准确性。原癌基因e-Myc转录水平上调可能与乳腺癌hTERT基因转录激活有关。     

高海拔地区乳腺浸润性导管癌中c-myc、Survivin、P53的表达及意义

目的探讨高海拔地区乳腺浸润性导管癌中c-myc、Survivin、P53的表达及意义。方法用免疫组织化学Elivision plus法测定60例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺纤维腺瘤及癌旁组织中c-myc、Survivin、P53的表达。结果 60例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织c-myc、Survivin、P53的阳性表达率分别为55.00%、68.33%、48.33%,与乳腺纤维腺瘤及癌旁组织相比,三者差异具有显著性（P〈0.01）。c-myc的阳性表达与年龄、淋巴结转移情况相关（P〈0.05）。P53的阳性表达与组织学分级、临床分期及淋巴结转移相关（P〈0.05）。Survivin的阳性表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、临床分期及淋巴结转移无关。c-myc与P53的表达呈正相关（r=0.406;P〈0.01）。结论 c-myc、Survivin、P53在高海拔地区乳腺浸润性导管癌表达与肿瘤的生物学行为有关,而与海拔高度无关。联合检测乳腺癌中c-myc、Survivin、P53的表达,有利于更好地评估乳腺癌的生物学行为,提高对患者预后判断的准确性,准确指导个体化治疗。＊     

SDF-1/CXCR4生物学轴在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

 目的 检测SDF-1及其配体CXCR4在乳腺浸润癌、导管原位癌及癌旁组织中的表达,分析两者与乳腺浸润癌临床病理特征的关系,探讨SDF-1/CXCR4生物学轴在乳腺癌发生发展过程中的相关性。 方法 免疫组化检测80例乳腺浸润癌、15例导管原位癌和15例癌旁组织中SDF-1及CXCR4蛋白的表达。RT-PCR检测40例乳腺浸润癌、5例导管原位癌和5例癌旁组织中SDF-1及CXCR4mRNA的表达。结果 免疫组化检测SDF-1、CXCR4在乳腺浸润癌与导管原位癌,导管原位癌与癌旁组织中的表达均有差异（P＜0.05）,其中CXCR4表达与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移和分期有关（P＜0.05）。RT-PCR检测 SDF-1与CXCR4mRNA在乳腺浸润癌与导管原位癌,导管原位癌与癌旁组织中的表达均有差异（P＜0.05）。两者蛋白及mRNA在乳腺浸润癌中的表达均呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论 SDF-1/CXCR4生物学轴在促进乳腺癌的发生发展以及侵袭转移过程中起到重要促进作用。     

应用组织芯片检测Ral-A在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

[摘要] 目的：检测Ral-A在乳腺癌中的表达及意义。方法 应用免疫组化检测组织芯片中68例乳腺癌（导管原位癌8例,浸润性导管癌54例,浸润性小叶癌6例）及癌旁正常乳腺组织中RalA的表达差异及其与临床病理各项指标的关系。结果：Ral-A表达于细胞浆和细胞膜。导管原位癌与癌旁正常组织比较,没有显著性差异;浸润性导管癌及浸润性小叶癌与癌旁正常组织比较均有统计学意义,P值均小于0.05;浸润性导管癌级浸润性小叶癌表达均低于导管原位癌,比较有统计学意义,P值均小于0.05。浸润性乳腺癌中Ral-A表达与年龄、肿瘤大小、分期、淋巴结转移无关,与肿瘤分级有关（P＜0.05）。结论：Ral-A在浸润性乳腺癌中表达下调,其表达水平与分级有关,提示Ral-A在乳腺癌的演进有重要作用。     

P120连环素在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达与临床病理意义

目的：探讨P120在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法：采用免疫组化方法检测84例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中ER、PR、c-erbB-2及P120的表达情况;84例乳腺癌病例中有43例同时取相应新鲜肿瘤组织和癌旁的正常组织,采用RT-PCR方法检测其P120的表达情况。结果：84例乳腺浸润性导管癌中P120蛋白在细胞膜正常表达率为39.3%。43例乳腺癌术中留取的新鲜肿瘤组织中P120 mRNA阳性表达率为37.2%。P120在乳腺浸润性导管癌与癌旁正常组织中的表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。P120表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期及c-erbB-2表达均有明显相关性（P〈0.05）,P120蛋白表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤组织学分级及ER、PR表达间均未见明显相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：P120的异常表达可能反映了乳腺浸润性导管癌的侵袭性生物学行为。     

P-cadherin蛋白在乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 探讨P-cadherin（P-cad）在乳腺癌中的表达及意义.方法选取浸润性乳腺癌80例、导管原位癌20例、正常乳腺组织10例,使用免疫组织化学法检测P-cad蛋白在各组中的表达,探讨它与ER、PR、C-erbB-2、Ki-67、淋巴结转移的关系.结果 P-cad的阳性率：浸润性乳腺癌为42.5%、导管内癌为70.0%、正常乳腺组织为100%,两两比较,P〈0.05.在淋巴结有转移组和无转移组分别为30.0%和55.0%,P〈0.05.在ER阳性组和阴性组中分别为70.7%和12.8%,P〈0.05.结论 P-cad在正常乳腺组、导管原位癌组和浸润性乳腺癌组的表达逐步降低;P-cad与ER表达呈正相关;P-cad在淋巴结转移组中的表达比无转移组低;P-cad可能成为预测预后的重要指标.     

HERC2在乳腺癌中的表达及其与病理参数关系的初步研究

目的 探讨HERC2在不同乳腺癌组织中的表达及其在浸润性导管癌中表达与病理参数之间的关系.方法 用免疫组化检测HERC2在正常乳腺组织、乳腺良性病变、导管原位癌和浸润性导管癌中的表达;用Western blot检测HERC2在正常乳腺组织和浸润性导管癌组织中的表达.结果 (1)免疫组化显示HERC2在乳腺良性病变、导管原位癌、浸润性导管癌中阳性率分别为8%(4/50)、32%(16/50)、58%(29/50),其组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),HERC2在正常乳腺组织中阳性率为4%(2/50).(2)HERC2在浸润性导管癌中的表达与腋窝淋巴结转移、组织学分级相关(P<0.05).(3)Western blot显示HERC2在浸润性导管癌组织中的表达高于其在正常乳腺组织中的表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 HECR2可能与乳腺癌的发生、发展、预后评估相关.     

P120连环素在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达与临床病理意义

目的:探讨P120 在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法:采用免疫组化方法检测84例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中ER、PR、c-erbB-2及P120的表达情况;84例乳腺癌病例中有43例同时取相应新鲜肿瘤组织和癌旁的正常组织,采用RT-PCR方法检测其P120的表达情况.结果:84例乳腺浸润性导管癌中P120蛋白在细胞膜正常表达率为39.3%.43例乳腺癌术中留取的新鲜肿瘤组织中P120 mRNA阳性表达率为37.2%.P120在乳腺浸润性导管癌与癌旁正常组织中的表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).P120表达与淋巴结转移、临床分期及c-erbB-2表达均有明显相关性(P<0.05),P120蛋白表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤组织学分级及ER、PR表达间均未见明显相关性(P>0.05).结论:P120的异常表达可能反映了乳腺浸润性导管癌的侵袭性生物学行为.     

miR-146a在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的观察microRNA-146a（miR-146a）在乳腺浸润性导管癌及癌旁正常对照组织中的表达,探讨miR-146a的表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系及其对乳腺癌发生发展的影响。方法采用组织芯片平台,应用原位杂交方法检测65例乳腺浸润导管癌及癌旁正常对照组织中miR-146a的表达。结果乳腺浸润性导管癌miR-146a阳性率低于癌旁正常对照组织（44.6%vs 66.2%,P〈0.05）;乳腺浸润性导管癌中miR-146a的表达与淋巴结转移有关联（P〈0.01）,与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、TNM分期、ER、PR、c-erbB-2、ki67、p53、E-cadherin过表达均无相关性（P〉0.05）。结论 miR-146a在乳腺浸润性导管癌中表达下调,提示其可能作为重要的抑癌因子参与乳腺癌的发生发展过程,并可能成为乳腺癌新的肿瘤标记物或预后因子。     

14-3-3σ和Mdm2蛋白在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的 研究浸润性乳腺癌组织中14-3-3σ和Mdm2蛋白的表达情况及其与临床病理参数之间的关系.方法 采用免疫组化PV-9000两步法检测浸润性乳腺癌73例、乳腺导管原位癌20例、乳腺导管上皮不典型增生20例、导管内乳头状瘤10例、乳腺腺病10例和癌旁正常乳腺组织12例中14-3-3σ和Mdm2蛋白的表达情况.结果 73例浸润性乳腺癌组织中14-3-3σ的阳性表达率为20.5%,20例乳腺导管原位癌为40.0%,20例导管上皮不典型增生为65.0%,10例导管内乳头状瘤为70.0%,10例乳腺腺病为80.0%和12例癌旁正常组织为83.3%,其中浸润性乳腺癌明显低于乳腺癌旁正常组织(P＜0.05);14-3-3σ的表达在TNM分期、腋窝淋巴结转移、HER-2受体及ER受体等组间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其他临床特征组间差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);Mdm2蛋白在浸润性乳腺癌、乳腺导管原位癌、导管上皮不典型增生、导管内乳头状瘤、腺病及癌旁正常组织中的表达阳性率分别为61.6%(45/73)、55.0%(11/20)、45.0%(9/20)、40.0%(4/10)、30.0%(3/10)30%和16.7%(2/12),其中浸润性乳腺癌明显高于癌旁正常组织(P＜0.05);Mdm2的表达与腋窝淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05),而与其他临床病理参数无关(P＞0.05);14-3-3σ和Mdm2蛋白的表达在浸润性乳腺癌中呈负相关(rs=-0.458,P=0.000).结论 14-3-3σ和Mdm2蛋白在浸润性乳腺癌中异常表达,说明其可能在乳腺癌的发生发展中起重要作用.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.